基于BP神经网络的压铸成型工艺参数的模拟与优化

利用数值模拟、BP神经网络和正交试验相结合的方法对压铸成型的工艺参数进行模拟和优化。并且通过一个简单的实例对该方法的可行性进行了验证。基于BP神经网络对压铸工艺参数及其相对应的铸件最低温度点样本进行训练,得到了工艺参数到铸件温度映射关系的神经网络模型,并验证该模型的准确性。结果表明,神经网络结合正交实验设计方法的优化算法,可以确定出最优的工艺参数组合,缩短了优化工艺参数的时间。     

基于BP神经网络的置氢TC21合金力学性能预测

基于神经网络的非线性映射和泛化能力,采用人工神经网络方法,建立了置氢TC21合金力学性能预测的BP神经网络模型。模型的输入参数包括高温拉伸试验温度和置氢含量,输出参数为合金的常用力学性能指标,即抗拉强度和屈服强度。通过检验样本验证了ANN模型的准确性。结果表明:该模型具有容错性好、通用性强等优点,可以预测置氢TC21合金在不同拉伸温度和不同置氢含量下的机械性能。同时,将神经网络技术应用于材料制备工艺设计领域,可以明显地提高工艺设计效率,缩短实验周期。     

复合正交柔性神经网络及其应用

针对目前神经网络所存在的不足,提出一种带参数的单极性Sigmoid函数的柔性复合正交神经网络,并给出相应的参数学习算法,这种柔性复合正交神经网络不仅扩大了网络辨识模型的能力与学习适应性,而且算法简单,学习收敛速度快,有线性,非线性逼近精度高等优异特性。以模型辨识作为应用实例,仿真结果表明,其算法是有效的,柔性神经网络能提高正交神经网络的性能。     

基于粒子群神经网络的QSn6.5-0.1连铸工艺优化

提出了一种神经网络与粒子群算法相结合的锡磷青铜水平连铸工艺参数优化方法。以水平连铸中7个主要工艺参数为优化对象，带坯成材率为优化目标，进行正交试验并以试验数据作为样本，利用神经网络建立优化参数与优化目标的非线性映射模型。利用粒子群算法对建立的模型进行优化，获得最优铸造工艺参数。选用RBF（径向基函数）神经网络，网络学习采用减聚类算法和最小二乘法，采用惯性权重动态改变策略对粒子群算法进行改进。实际生产证明，经优化的铸造工艺参数使带坯的成材率从56％提高到71％。     

基于机器学习的中厚板变形抗力模型建模与应用

为提高变形抗力预测精度，以兴澄特钢中厚板轧机实际生产数据为基础，针对性提出2种利用机器学习对变形抗力进行预测的方法：一种是极限学习机(ELM)与传统数学模型结合的多钢种变形抗力模型及建模方法，另一种是基于TensorFlow深度学习框架的变形抗力模型及建模方法。方法一参考周纪华-管克智变形抗力模型，改进原变形抗力模型结构形式，计算出低合金钢、合金钢及高合金钢代表钢种的基准变形抗力；通过非线性回归计算出与钢种无关的变形参数影响系数，引进ELM神经网络算法，采用灰色关联分析及交叉验证优选神经网络参数，通过线性插值对预测结果进行平滑处理，减小ELM预测残差，最后与传统数学模型相结合得到变形抗力。方法二基于深度学习技术，结合机理，构建2种不同结构的深度神经网络，采用小批量(minibatch)和均方根传播(RMSprop)优化算法寻优，结合批标准化(BN)和早停(early stopping)正则化策略提高模型泛化能力与稳定性，最后综合工艺特性，分别对粗轧机(RM)、精轧机(FM)建立变形抗力预测模型，提高模型精度。研究结果表明，利用深度学习预测变形抗力具有较高的预测精度，经离线分析，平均绝对...     

基于DPSO-BP神经网络的V形自由折弯成形角度和回弹预测北大核心CSCD

采用基于DPSO算法优化BP神经网络(DPSO-BP)的机器学习算法建模,提出一种考虑材料参数和几何参数的V形自由折弯成形角度和回弹的预测方法。该方法主要引入非线性惯性权重改进粒子群(PSO)算法,进一步优化神经网络的初始权值和阈值,构建神经网络预测模型。以不同批号的SUS304不锈钢板料为研究对象,通过设计正交试验得到45个训练样本数据,验证所建立的预测模型的准确性。结果表明:采用DPSO-BP神经网络模型预测的成形角和回弹角的平均误差分别为0.150°和0.120°,与未优化的PSO-BP神经网络模型相比,预测的成形角和回弹角的平均误差明显减小,且计算耗时由14.0 min大幅缩短至0.8 min,同时实现了高预测精度和高计算效率。     

神经网络与正交试验法结合优化注射工艺参数

结合人工神经网络所表现出来的良好特性,利用正交试验获得的数据作为神经网络的训练样本,建立输入为工艺参数、输出为翘曲变形量的神经网络模型,并通过样本检验了ANN模型的准确性,从而缩短设定工艺参数的时间,在工艺参数取值范围内,采用ANN模型代替CAE软件模拟试验,结合正交试验法,对工艺参数进一步优化。结果表明:将神经网络与正交试验、数值模拟三者结合用于注射过程参数优化可以缩短优化工艺参数的时间,提高工艺设计效率,并能获得比单纯使用正交试验和数值模拟方法更为优化的结果。     

神经网络与正交试验法结合优化板料成形工艺

结合人工神经网络所表现出来的良好特性,利用正交试验获得的数据作为神经网络的训练样本,建立输入为工艺参数、输出为回弹量△Z的神经网络模型.通过样本检验了ANN模型的准确性,从而缩短设定工艺参数的时间,在工艺参数取值范围内,采用ANN模型代替CAE软件模拟试验,结合正交试验法,对工艺参数进一步优化.结果表明,将神经网络与正交试验、数值模拟三者结合用于板料成形参数优化,可以缩短优化工艺参数的时间,提高工艺设计效率.     

基于蚁群神经网络的耐热钢管热处理工艺优化

提出了一种神经网络与蚁群算法相结合的91耐热钢管热处理工艺参数优化方法.以4个主要热处理工艺参数为优化对象,5个材料力学性能指标为优化目标.首先进行正交试验,以试验数据为样本通过神经网络建立优化参数与优化目标之间的非线性映射模型,然后用蚁群算法对模型进行优化获取最佳热处理工艺参数.神经网络的非线性映射能力解决了优化建模困难问题,蚁群算法的智能化寻优能力克服了优化求解复杂的缺点.仿真试验显示热处理工艺参数优化精度高,材料力学性能指标预测误差小.     

多道次拉旋减薄率研究及工艺参数优化

利用Ansys/lsdyna软件的刚性体粘接柔性体技术,实现坯料自转,旋轮沿设定的轨迹在轴向和径向进给,建立更符合实际运动方式的三维有限元模型,并通过试验验证了模型的可靠性.建立基于神经网络和遗传算法并结合正交试验的多道次拉旋工艺参数优化系统.正交试验法用来设计神经网络的训练样本,利用神经网络预测减薄率,遗传算法完成了对影响减薄率的工艺参数的优化,最后对优化出来的工艺参数进行模拟,效果良好,可有效降低减薄率.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.