城镇化进程中土地利用问题探究

介绍了济南市城镇化演变的特征,并从平稳上升、加速上升、波动上升三个时期作了论述,主要对济南市城镇化过程中的土地利用状况进行了分析,研究了土地利用过程中存在的问题,给出了解决各问题的措施,以提高土地的利用率。     

日照市城镇化进程与耕地保护研究

当前我国正处于飞速发展的时期,城镇化进程和耕地保护问题逐渐成为每个地方发展过程中突出的矛盾问题.以山东省日照市为例,运用定性和定量研究、文献研究等方法分析日照市城镇化进程与耕地保护的关系,并探讨城镇化进程对耕地保护造成的压力,在此基础上有针对性地提出耕地保护的对策建议.     

江西省人口城镇化与土地城镇化耦合时空特征分析

以江西省11个设区市为研究对象,建立了人口城镇化与土地城镇化水平评价指标体系,利用熵值法、耦合度函数和耦合发展度模型,分析了江西省人口城镇化与土地城镇化二者耦合发展度,得出了一些有价值的结论。     

城市化进程中城缘村土地集约利用规划研究

分析了城缘村土地利用的现状,对存在的问题及其原因进行了初步探讨,提出了城缘村土地集约利用的对策,具体包括科学编制和严格实施规划、撤村并点、整理集体建设用地、实现土地的可持续利用,以期达到集约节约用地的目的。     

Globalization and a dual Europe: future alternative growth trajectories

The integration of world markets has increased considerably in the past 15 years. Moreover, the importance of emerging countries for trade flows is now considerably higher. The paper explores the question of what the European territory will look like over the next fifteen years under different assumptions on competitive strategies put in place by the so-called BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China). In these scenarios Europe is expected to reinforce its present competitive advantages. The intention is not to identify desirable, positive, ideological or most probable scenarios; the aim is instead to combine in a strictly logical way the different trajectories that can be envisaged in the main economic, institutional and social driving forces of change and consequently to build a small number of alternative, consistent and ‘conditional’ scenarios. The approach is as neutral as possible vis-à-vis the results, leaving it to the MASST forecasting model to provide NUTS 2 growth rate patterns up to 2015, under opposite assumptions on the world strategies.     

论在土地复垦中推进我国农村城镇化建设

农村城镇化是落后农业国家向发达工业国家跨越的必由之路,也是实现经济结构优化和产业结构提升的重要途径。党的十六大报告明确提出“,全面繁荣农村经济,加快城镇化进程”。我国复垦土地主要为采煤塌陷地、金属矿尾矿地、废弃砖瓦窑等,这些土地连片、成规模、面积大、产权单一,且复垦后利用方向     

我国城镇化进程中县级城市土地利用预测控制问题

一、县级城市土地利用预测控制的必要性 县级城市是我国城镇体系中重要的构成部分,其中人口在50万以下的县城数量在1990年时已为408个,占城市数的87.4％,占城市人口的45.7％。特别是伴随着我国经济社会的发展进步,城镇化水平不断提高,改革开放至今,我国城市化比率由1978年的17.92％     

城镇化过程中社会型中心镇的集约用地研究

城镇化是农村空间聚集整合并向城镇的转型。由于人口随经济要素分布的迁移．农村聚落出现人口聚集、重组与减少的空间分化．土地有向城市形态发展的集约利用趋势。然而。我国农村城镇化过程的村镇的土地利用却出现了极大的浪费。本文以平遥段村镇为例，采用实地调研、入户访谈的社会调查方法，在对数据进行空间分析的基础上剖析处于人口重组区域、以服务设施聚集人口的村镇在经济、社会发展和用地利用上的特征、问题与原因。针对“人口重组”发展社会活力的定位。提出产业结构调整、农地流转集中耕种与住房置换集中居住的集约用地方式．在人口聚集的同时引导中心镇向城市形态转化。     

快速城镇化时期珠三角典型城镇的人地关系研究

本文针对中山市东升镇在快速城镇化发展时期人地矛盾关系演变发展的突出问题进行研究,以城镇化历时性和共时性的研究思路,借助地理学、社会学视角,对＂人、地＂两个系统的城镇化和城乡转型进行综合研究,从结构性、供需性、行为性和阶段性等方面提出了城镇化＂人地关系＂的几大问题,并延伸和发展了城镇化＂S型＂曲线的内涵,提出快速城镇化＂阶段论＂的理论设想。     

The impact of urbanization policy on land use change: A scenario analysis

The rapid urbanization has led to extensive land use change particularly in those developing countries. In line with the development of urbanization, arable land is decreasing dramatically, which presents the threat to the food security for human being. It is therefore essential to understand the level of impacts of urbanization on the land use change. This paper introduces a dynamic systems based method for assessing the impacts of urbanization policy on land use change with reference to the urbanization practice in China. Four typical policy scenarios are identified in implementing urbanization in China, including balanced development driven by planning, uneven development driven by planning, balanced development driven by market and uneven development driven by market and their impacts on land use change are analyzed through a dynamic system model. Land use change is considered as a dynamic system model composing five subsystems: urbanization, social, economic, environmental and land use subsystems. The key attributes in these five subsystems are interactive and they are dynamic variables. The assessment on the impacts of urbanization policy to land use change is demonstrated through employing the software iThink to the land use change dynamic model, using the data collected from the Jinyun County in China. The findings suggest that the urban construction land will continue to increase in the foreseeable future in China, whilst the agricultural land will gradually decrease. Nevertheless, different policy scenarios will have different impacts on these land changes. Thus decision makers can adopt different policies to control the rate of land use change.     

The impacts of alternative patterns of urbanization on greenhouse gas emissions in an agricultural county

Different patterns of urban development may have widely varying long-term effects on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. To investigate such effects, we used UPlan geographic information system–based software to model three 2050 urban-growth scenarios for Yolo County, a predominantly agricultural area near Sacramento, California. Two scenarios correspond to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s A2 and B1 storylines. We also added a third, infill-only scenario called AB32-Plus that assumes continued strong climate change policy in California and highly compact urban development. Results show dramatically different levels of GHG emissions from transportation and residential-building energy use in the three scenarios, especially when compact urban development is combined with strong assumptions about energy efficiency and population. The preservation of farmland is also an important climate mitigation and adaptation benefit of the compact-development alternative.     

城镇化进程中失地农民社会保障问题探讨

城镇化是由传统农业社会向现代城市社会发展的历史过程,是社会经济结构发生根本性变革并获得巨大发展空间的表现,是解决我国农业、农村及农民问题的根本出路。近年来,我国城市拓展速度不断加快,城区规模迅速扩大,有力地推动了城镇化水平的提高和城市综合实力的增强。然而在城镇化进程中也出现了诸多新问题、新矛盾,其中最突出的问题是失地农民的社会保障问题。因此,深入研究当前制约城镇化进程的失地农民社会保障问题,积极创新政策和机     

县级城市建设用地规划管理探析

县城作为是我国城镇行政管理体系的重要组成部分,是连接城乡两类社区的纽带。从各地城镇化发展情况来看,由于城市建设规模的大小被简单用来作为衡量城镇发展水平的主要依据,导致一些地方政府片面认为“城市化”就是要建“大城市”的错误观念,进行大规模的扩城圈地运动,致使各地城镇建设用地盲目扩张,所带来的耕地减少、土地浪费严重、投入产出效益低下等一系列土地利用问题令人触目惊心。能否对其进行及时正确的规划管理关系到我国“十五”城市发展计划能否顺利实现。 针对上述问题,本文结合山东省城镇用地现状,进行关于县城建设用地规划…     

Spatio-temporal dynamics and evolution of land use change and landscape pattern in response to rapid urbanization

Analyzing spatio-temporal characteristics of land use change is essential for understanding and assessing ecological consequence of urbanization. More importantly, such analysis can provide basic information for appropriate decision-making. By integrating historical high spatial-resolution SPOT images and spatial metrics, this study explored the spatio-temporal dynamics and evolution of land use change and landscape pattern in response to the rapid urbanization process of a booming-developing city in China from 1996 to 2006. Accurate and consistent land use change information was first extracted by the change detection method proposed in this study. The changes of landscape pattern were then analyzed using a series of spatial metrics which were derived from FRAGSTATS software. The results indicated that the rapid urbanization process has brought about enormous land use changes and urban growth at an unprecedented scale and rate and, consequently, given rise to substantial impacts on the landscape pattern. Findings further revealed that cropland and water were the major land use types developed for urban sprawl. Meanwhile, the landscape pattern underwent fundamental transition from agricultural-land-use dominant landscape to urban-land-use dominant landscape spanning the 10 years. The results not only confirmed the applicability and effectiveness of the combined method of remote sensing and metrics, but also revealed notable spatio-temporal features of land use change and landscape pattern dynamics throughout the different time periods (1996–2000, 2000–2003 and 2003–2006).     

First-order second-moment approximation in reliability of structural systems: Critical review and alternative approach

The objective of the paper is to present and discuss the methods originated from the first-order second-moment approximation that are commonly used in the reliability analysis of structural systems. The approach is formulated as an optimization problem. The consequences of this formulation and some objections concerning the methods are investigated and illustrated on the examples. The lack of uniqueness and some difficulties with error estimation are considered as the main disadvantages of the approach.An alternative approach is given for the independent random variables. The approach yields the upper and lower bounds for the structural reliability. Its application is presented in the case of the linear conditions of structural failure. It is shown that the bounds remain sometimes a sole verification of the correctness of the first-order second-moment approximation.     

Trends in urbanization and patterns of land use in the Asian mega cities Jakarta,Bangkok, and Metro Manila

Asian mega cities have experienced rapid population growth and continue to grow. Urbanization in those areas is proceeding differently from the patterns of city growth experienced in Western countries. Understanding the characteristics of Asian urbanization will be indispensable for the establishment of a local landscape planning system. In this study, we used the Clark linear exponential model and the Newling quadratic exponential model to compare the spatial distribution of population densities in three Southeast Asian mega cities: Jakarta, Bangkok, and Metro Manila. We analyzed land-use patterns in each of the three cities by examining the mixture of urban and agricultural land use. The Clark and Newling models showed that the three cities were at different stages of urbanization. Jakarta had entered the suburbanization stage, Metro Manila was still at an early stage of urbanization, and Bangkok was at an intermediate stage between Jakarta and Metro Manila. Analysis of spatial patterns revealed areas of mixed land use within and around the city region in the three cities and that these areas of mixed land use would shift outward as urbanization proceeds. These findings indicate that planning concepts need to respect the vernacular landscape of each Asian mega cities as well as its stage of urbanization.     

建设新农村背景下江苏城镇化用地浅析

十六届五中全会提出了推进社会主义新农村建设的重大历史任务。逐步改变城乡二元经济结构体制,坚持以城乡统筹发展来推进社会主义新农村建设,是如期实现全面建设小康社会宏伟目标的必然要求,也是我国现阶段经济社会发展的客观要求和迫切任务。破解二元结构,促进城乡统筹发展必然涉及“城镇     

Perception of pesticide use by farmers and neighbors in two periurban areas

Public concern about pesticide use is high although varying with social factors. Individual differences in ‘perception’ and attitude to pesticide use might be particularly evident in periurban regions where farmers and other people live together. This was investigated using a questionnaire sent to 600 farmers and 600 non-farmers in two periurban areas of Sweden. ‘Neighbors’¹ were found to have a more negative attitude to pesticides than farmers, who were slightly positive to the use. Neighbors perceived pesticide use in agriculture to be more harmful to the environment than did farmers and also to reduce the quality of products. Both farmers and neighbors thought that farmers are the predominant users of pesticides. However, reported pesticide users within the home setting were just as common among the neighbors as among the farmers. Perceptions of pesticide use were also found to differ between periurban regions within the country. Attitudes and perceptions of pesticide use, as well as of who is the user, differ based on the group of people in a periurban environment and between different regions. Such differences might play a role for tensions and conflicts in the periurban area of a society and also for regulations of pesticide use.