含油污水气浮除油技术进展

污水含油直接制约污水生化处理效果,气浮除油是一种广泛采用的方法。比较了不同气浮方法的优缺点,总结了电解气浮、散气气浮、溶气气浮、涡凹气浮,以及聚结+气浮、气浮+磁分离、旋流+气浮组合工艺的除油效果及应用现状,指出了气浮工艺的发展方向。     

石化含盐污水物化预处理诊断及优化试验研究

通过对某石化企业物化处理系统进行分析、问题诊断,并对物化段进行优化试验研究,以此达到改善气浮处理效果、提高气浮运行效率、减少运行成本的目的,为下一步污水处理场其他污水处理设施稳定达标运行打好基础。     

洗毛废水处理工程混凝气浮调试成本优化实例

宿迁某羊毛碳化厂废水采用分质收集-混凝气浮-水解酸化-接触氧化工艺进行处理,处理效果虽显著但混凝过程中药剂成本过高。为了降低运行费用减轻工厂运作负担,对其药剂成本进行分析,采用小试实验结合实际调试寻求废水处理效果明显且药剂费用降低的解决办法。工程实践证明在保证系统稳定运行下,使用Ca(OH)2作为p H调节剂可降低总药剂费用26.9%。优化后经30 d运行,出水稳定且最终出水达《宿迁河西污水处理厂接管标准》。     

斜板溶气气浮装置现场试验研究

以陈庄污水站改造工程为基础,结合其它污水站气浮装置的应用情况,介绍了斜板溶气气浮处理工艺特点,通过现场试验测试,分析了影响其处理效果的因素,根据现场情况提出斜板气浮工艺处理效果和运行成本控制的建议。     

絮凝剂在炼油污水处理中的筛选及工业应用

炼油污水处理场浮选除油率的高低直接影响生化处理的效果及外排污水的合格率,而浮选药剂则是决定浮选除油率高低的关键。通过对污水处理场浮选药剂的筛选及工业应用,总结出最佳的药剂投加方案,使浮选除油率和外排污水合格率大为提高。     

炼油厂污水深度处理工程实例

某炼油厂污水处理场的深度处理系统设计规模为150 m3/h,污水经常规处理,水质达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》中二级标准的要求后,再采用气浮过滤-臭氧催化氧化-生物活性炭组合工艺进行深度处理,出水水质达到GB 50335—2002《污水再生利用工程设计规范》中敞开式循环冷却水补充水水质指标要求,用作炼油厂循环水系统的补充水。     

采用磁混凝沉淀技术改造平流式气浮处理系统的应用

磁混凝沉淀技术是一种在混凝过程中投加磁介质以提高絮体密度并加速沉淀,提高沉淀效率的单元处理技术,该技术具有处理效率高、占地面积小、能耗药耗低等优点。江苏省盐城市某造纸园区污水处理厂处理规模 3.5 万 m³·d^-1,原深度处理采用平流式气浮处理工艺,该污水处理厂提标升级过程中采用磁混凝沉淀技术对原有平流式气浮处理系统进行改造,完全利用了原有池体,节省了土建费用和占地面积,项目深度处理改造工程费用仅 280 万元,吨水造价仅为 80 元,改造后,大大降低了电耗和药耗,运行功率减少 51.3%,药耗降低 20%,节省了运行成本,改造后处理效果良好,开创了磁混凝沉淀技术改造平流式气浮处理系统的先例。     

油库污水的气浮处理

对油库污水处理工艺中的气浮处理进行分析,介绍了油库污水在气浮处理中,由于pH值的变化使得油库污水在气浮处理的过程中产生的处理效果不同,得出pH值在呈7～8时,气浮处理油库含油污水效果最好。     

修井返排液快速处理技术优化研究

气浮除油技术因其工艺成熟、效果显著、成本低廉、操作工艺简单、处理量大等优点而广泛应用于含油污水的处理。文章针对胜利油田修井返排液的不同现场情况,开展了气浮除油及精过滤技术的研究,通过实验研究,优选出了最佳的化学药剂;优化了气浮工艺参数和精过滤工艺参数。制定了一套完整的、现场适用性强的工艺技术方案,有效地指导了现场的施工应用。     

长庆油田含油污水处理关键技术分析

油田污水中不仅较多的原油成分,还含有各类细菌、固体颗粒和硫化氢等,以及在产出后原油初步处理时,添加的破乳剂和灭菌剂等化学药剂。此类污水无法达到直接回注地层的水质标准,若直接注入地层,将造成严重的危害。因此产出的污水在回注地层前,必须要进行有效的净化处理,除去含油污水中的油、固体颗粒及其他杂质。并对油污进行分离后,回收污水中的污油。经过长期的实践研究,调储接收+气浮+微生物处理+固液分离+滤罐过滤的组合处理模式成为目前长庆油田含油污水处理的主要工艺流程。具有更良好的处理效果,投资成本低,后期维护运行费用低,为一种比较实用的含油污水处理工艺。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。