结冷胶发酵生产工艺的优化

目的优化少动鞘脂单胞菌发酵生产结冷胶的工艺。方法摇瓶发酵,改变培养基中碳源、氮源的种类和浓度,微量元素的浓度,p H等培养条件,测定发酵液黏度、菌体浓度、粗胶及残糖含量的变化,确定合适的发酵工艺,并采用8 L发酵罐发酵生产结冷胶。结果优化后的结冷胶发酵培养基组成为:葡萄糖2%～2.5%,蛋白胨0.5%～1%,微量元素2%;培养条件为:pH 7.5,摇瓶装液量50～100 mL,转速230 r/min,发酵温度30℃。优化后结冷胶摇瓶发酵产量提高了41.3%。8 L发酵罐发酵60 h后发酵液黏度为3 214 cP,粗胶产量11.65 g/L,72 h后的澄清胶产量6.5 g/L。发酵罐中结冷胶的产量明显高于摇瓶。结论确定了优化后的结冷胶发酵生产工艺,提高了结冷胶产量。     

结冷胶发酵生产工艺的优化

目的优化少动鞘脂单胞菌发酵生产结冷胶的工艺。方法摇瓶发酵，改变培养基中碳源、氮源的种类和浓度，微量元素的浓度，PH等培养条件，测定发酵液黏度、菌体浓度、粗胶及残糖含量的变化，确定合适的发酵工艺，并采用8L发酵罐发酵生产结冷胶。结果优化后的结冷胶发酵培养基组成为：葡萄糖2％～2，5％，蛋白胨0.5％～1％，微量元素2％；培养条件为：pH7.5，摇瓶装液量50-100mL，转速230r／min，发酵温度30℃。优化后结冷胶摇瓶发酵产量提高了41.3％。8L发酵罐发酵60h后发酵液黏度为3214cP，粗胶产量11.65g／L，72h后的澄清胶产量6.5g／L。发酵罐中结冷胶的产量明显高于摇瓶。结论确定了优化后的结冷胶发酵生产工艺，提高了结冷胶产量。     

玉米芯发酵产黄原胶及醇析工艺优化研究

实验利用玉米芯为碳源发酵生产黄原胶,通过正交设计确定优化的发酵条件为:发酵培养基蛋白胨浓度0.3%、柠檬酸含量0.01%、发酵液初始pH7、发酵温度33℃、发酵时间为96h,在优化的发酵条件下黄原胶的产量可达20.78g/L;实验还对黄原胶醇析工艺进行了优化研究,确定了发酵液添加4%硝酸钾、3倍发酵液体积95%乙醇的最佳醇析工艺。     

透明质酸产生菌摇瓶发酵工艺条件的研究

研究了透明质酸产生菌的摇瓶发酵条件。对摇瓶发酵条件进行了优化,确定了最佳发酵培养基、最适培养条件。结果表明:摇瓶发酵培养基的组成为4%的淀粉葡萄糖水解液,2%蛋白胨和酵母粉的混合有机氮源及0.5%硝酸钠为无机氮源,MgSO4·7H2O为0.1%,KH2PO4为0.2%。发酵温度为37℃,接种种龄为14~16h之间,摇瓶培养时,500mL三角烧瓶装液量为20mL时,可获得的产量最大。     

黄原胶发酵生产培养基优化研究

黄原胶发酵生产培养基的组成对黄原胶产品质量有较大影响.通过测定发酵液粘度、粗胶含量,研究不同碳源、氮源及无机盐对黄原胶产量和粘度的影响.研究结果表明,碳源对黄原胶质量影响较大,不同碳源之间最终发酵水平有明显差别,当玉米淀粉:蔗糖2∶1时黄原胶产量和粘度最高.氮源的影响次于碳源,确定最佳氮源为黄豆粉.CaCO3能明显提高黄原胶的产量粘度,是无机盐中最大影响因子,CaCO3最优添加量为0.3g/100mL.KH2PO4影响作用不大,差别不显著,当KH2PO4添加量为0.5g/100mL时,黄原胶产量和粘度达到最大.通过正交试验,确定培养基最优配方为:玉米淀粉5g/100mL,蛋白胨0.5g/100mL,KH2PO4 0.4g/100mL,MgSO4 0.05g/100mL,FeSO4 0.025g/100mL,柠檬酸0.025g/100mL,在此条件下,28℃,180r/min发酵培养72h,黄原胶的产量可达到29.88g/L,粘度达到6002mPa/s.     

响应面法优化黄原胶发酵培养基

用响应面分析法优化黄原胶发酵培养基,通过测定发酵液黏度、粗胶含量,利用部分因子分析法研究发酵培养基各成分对响应值的影响程度,经最陡爬坡实验和中心组合实验确定玉米浓度和豆饼粉的浓度.得出玉米淀粉5.78%,豆饼粉0.52%时,黄原胶的产量达到27.325g/L,产量比优化前提高了15.7%,黏度达到5734mPa*s.     

黄原胶发酵条件优化研究

研究pH值、接种量、转速、发酵温度对黄原胶发酵的影响.通过摇瓶发酵,改变试验条件,测定发酵液黏度、粗胶含量来确定较为适合的发酵工艺.正交试验确定了黄原胶的最佳发酵条件为:pH7.2,接种量6%,转速200r/min,发酵温度28℃发酵72h.在此发酵条件下,产量达到25.5g/L,黏度为5569mPa·s.     

金针菇、灵芝混菌发酵型饮料的制备及其活性物质的检测

选择金针菇、赤芝为混菌发酵型饮料发酵对象,以天然粮食为培养基,经250 mL摇瓶、500 mL摇瓶、10 L发酵罐逐步扩大培养后,将发酵液与菌丝体破碎,离心、过滤,通过优化饮料稳定剂配比和调配条件,经感官评定后制备成饮料成品,检测了饮料中的粗蛋白、锌、Vc、三萜类化合物、多糖含量,并与混菌发酵液和单菌发酵型饮料作了统计学比较。结果表明:通过对培养基组成成分、培养温度、培养方式、饮料稳定剂、调配条件的优化与改进,实现了金针菇、赤芝的混菌发酵型饮料的制备。饮料最佳稳定剂配比为0.20%CMC-Na,0.04%黄原胶,0.50%β-环状糊精。饮料最佳配方为1.5%蜂蜜、24%调配液、0.1%柠檬酸、6%蔗糖。饮料产品呈淡黄色,澄清,具有灵芝、金针菇特有的香气和滋味,微生物指标符合国家标准。金针菇、赤芝混菌发酵饮料与混菌发酵液相比,多糖、三萜类化合物、锌、蛋白质、Vc含量都有所降低,但是都得以较好的保留;与金针菇、赤芝单菌发酵饮料相比:粗蛋白质含量、Vc含量、三萜类化合物产量都得以极显著提高,锌含量得以显著增加,多糖含量未发生显著性变化,说明混菌发酵型饮料菌种间存在一定的协同增效效应,提高并较好地保留了生物活性物质的含量。     

采用均匀设计法优化榆耳液态发酵培养基的研究

考察了摇瓶发酵培养中碳源、氮源、无机盐等因素对榆耳发酵生物量和发酵液抑菌活性的影响,通过均匀设计实验对培养基进行了优化。结果表明,在接种量为10%(v/v)、28℃、160 r/min培养8 d的条件下,当培养基组成为蔗糖0.1%、玉米淀粉5.0%、麸皮2.3%、脱脂蛋白粉3.4%、KH_2PO_4 0.35%、MgSO_4 0.23%、V_(B1)微量时,摇瓶发酵生物量可达16.1 g/L;当培养基组成为蔗糖4.5%、玉米淀粉5.0%、麸皮0.1%、脱脂蛋白粉0.1%、KH_2PO_4 0.35%、MgSO_4 0.23%、V_(B1)微量时,发酵液抑菌活性最强,分别相当干490 u/mL青霉素钾、3%苯甲酸钠的抑菌效果。     

lipstatin发酵工艺的优化

目的优化lipstatin的发酵工艺。方法采用摇瓶发酵,改变实验条件,通过测定lipstatin含量来确定较为适合的发酵工艺。结果优化后的培养基组成为:豆油8.0%,甘油0.7%,黄豆粉3.0%,酵母粉1.0%,TritonX-100 0.1%。在此条件下lipstatin发酵产量为156.8 mg/L。结论提高了lipstatin产量。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the