超细ZrO2粉末等离子喷涂层质量的探讨

采用两种ＺｒＯ２粉末分别在碳钢基体表面制备了ＺｒＯ２等离子涂层，并考察了两种ＺｒＯ２粉末的等离子涂层的质量，结果表明，由烧结－粉碎法制备了ＺｒＯ２烧结粉形成的涂层比较致密，强度较高，在轴向拉应力的作用下，开裂发生在涂层与基体的结合界面处；而由冷压－球磨法制备的ＺｒＯ２团聚簇涂层中孔隙较多，强度亦较低，在轴向拉压力的作用下开裂发生的涂层内部。     

等离子喷涂工艺参数对FeCrBSi合金涂层结合强度的影响

采用等离子喷涂工艺在Q235钢基体上直接制备了FeCrBSi合金涂层,使用正交试验法研究了喷涂工艺参数对涂层结合强度的影响,并对喷涂工艺参数进行了优化,同时在优化参数的基础上进一步研究了涂层厚度对结合强度的影响。结果表明：等离子喷涂制备FeCrBSi合金涂层的最佳工艺参数为喷涂电流900A,主气流量44．8L·min-1,辅气流量27．8L·min-1,喷涂距离110mm;采用最佳工艺制备的涂层与基体的结合强度为18．2MPa,内聚强度为33．5MPa;随着涂层厚度的增加,涂层与基体的结合强度明显下降,而涂层的内聚强度先上升后下降,较佳的涂层厚度为347．2μm。     

羟基磷灰石／TiO2生物活性复合涂层的研究进展

以钛及合金为基体、HA作涂层的复合材料作为植入物应用很普遍．HA涂层与钛及合金基体的结合强度较低，易出现界面剥落现象；锐钛矿型TiO2陶瓷具有较好的生物相容性，能有效地隔离植入体和生物机体，而且能提高涂层和界面的强度，故制备HA／TiO2生物复合涂层已成为国内外学者的研究热点之一。综述了HA／TiO2生物复合涂层的研究进展。     

钛涂覆多孔羟基磷灰石涂层的制备及其生物活性

在纯钛基体表面通过电泳沉积的方法制得壳聚糖/羟基磷灰石(CS/HA)复合涂层, 然后将复合涂层烧结形成多孔HA涂层。采用SEM对多孔HA涂层的形貌进行观察, XRD分析涂层的物相组成, 粘结拉伸实验测定涂层与基体的结合强度, 1.5倍人体模拟体液(1.5SBF)浸泡测定涂层的生物活性。结果表明: 当悬浮液中CS与HA质量比为1∶1时, 制得的CS/HA复合涂层经过700℃烧结处理, 涂层中CS热分解致孔形成多孔HA涂层, 孔径在10~25 μm, 涂层与基体的结合强度可达19.5 MPa; 在1.5SBF中浸泡5天后, 多孔HA涂层表面完全碳磷灰石化, 呈现较好的生物活性。      

等离子体活化提高碳纤维/树脂复合材料表面Al涂层结合强度的研究

采用霍尔源放电等离子体对碳纤维/树脂复合材料表面进行活化,通过直流磁控溅射技术在其表面沉积Al涂层。利用红外光谱、X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜分析基体表面极性和涂层组织结构,自行设计垂直拉伸装置测定涂层与基体间的结合强度,并探究不同活化功率和活化前后不同涂层厚度对膜基结合强度的影响。研究结果表明,制备涂层为纯净的多晶态Al膜,表现为(111)方向择优取向生长。等离子体活化后,基体表面极性增强,膜基结合强度显著上升,且随活化功率的增大先上升再降低,在功率为300 W时最佳。同时活化后膜基结合强度随涂层厚度增加而降低的趋势减弱,在涂层厚度达到25μm时,膜基结合强度仍较大,为2.88 MPa,而未经等离子体活化时仅为1.22 MPa。     

超音速火焰喷涂Ni基涂层性能的研究

采用超音速火焰喷涂技术方法制备三种镍基涂层，并研究了涂层的显微组织和性能。结果表明：使用烧结粉末Ni60制备的涂层结合强度、显微硬度均高于包覆粉末Ni包C、Ni包MoS2制备的涂层，Ni包C涂层中产生大量的气体并含有许多的未熔软质相，使得其结合强度、显微硬度最4g；镍在涂层中起粘结作用，镍含量的增加能显著提高涂层的结合强度和显微硬度；涂层中的MoS2和C相明显降低涂层的摩擦系数。     

用能谱技术确定基体薄涂层的厚度

提出一种不用标样确定基体薄涂层厚度并同时得到薄膜成分的新方法，通过理论计算，得出在不同涂层厚度下，涂层与基体的特征Ｘ射线相对强度比Ｉｃ／Ｉｓ，并作出理论曲线。然后用能谱技术测出Ｉｃ／Ｉｓ，可由理论曲线得出相应的涂层厚度，经实验证明该方法可行。用能谱技术确定基体薄涂层的厚度@冯显灿     

Fe/Al2O3陶瓷梯度涂层的微观结构与性能

采用喷涂法和溶胶-凝胶法相结合的工艺,以FeAlNi混合粉体为过渡层材料在钢基体表面制备了Fe/Al2O3梯度涂层,并对其微观结构与性能进行分析.结果表明:当烧结温度为1220℃时,梯度涂层与钢基体的界面结合强度达到25.3MPa,涂层主要由α-Al2O3,AlFeO3和NiFe2O4等物相组成.Fe/Al2O3梯度涂层与钢基体的结合主要通过吸附与扩散化合两种方式共同起作用.涂层中没有明显的孔洞和平整的界面,且有树枝状组织生成,涂层与钢基体实现良好的结合,这表明涂层成分的梯度化设计能够有效地缓和界面处的应力集中,改善涂层与钢基体的界面结合状态,提高涂层材料的使用性能.     

电泳沉积-烧结制备石墨材料SiC涂层的研究

采用电泳沉积法在石墨基体上制备厚度可控的Si涂层,考察了电泳沉积参数(电压、沉积时间、固含量及添加剂量)对涂层沉积量的影响.所制备的Si涂层通过烧结与石墨基体发生在位反应形成SiC涂层.用SEM观察涂层烧结前后的形貌,发现烧结后Si渗入基体内部.孔径分布数据表明所形成的SiC涂层导致石墨孔径变小.实验提供了一种制备SiC涂层的新方法,电泳沉积一烧结可用于C/SiC复合材料的制备.     

料浆法氧化铝基陶瓷涂层的制备及性能研究

采用自制的磷酸铝粘结剂和一定比例的陶瓷骨料在1Cr18Ni9上用料浆法制备氧化铝基陶瓷涂层。试验结果表明：涂层较致密，涂层与基体结合强度较好；涂层可提高1Cr18Ni9钢在碱和盐溶液中的抗侵蚀能力。     

Microstructures and bond strengths of plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite coatings on porous titanium substrates

Hydroxyapatite (HA) coating was carried out by plasma spraying on bulk Ti substrates and porous Ti substrates having a Young’s modulus similar to that of human bone. The microstructures and bond strengths of HA coatings were investigated in this study. The HA coatings with thickness of 200–250 μ m were free from cracks at interfaces between the coating and Ti substrates. XRD analysis revealed that the HA powder used for plasma spraying had a highly crystallized apatite structure, while the HA coating contained several phases other than HA. The bond strength between the HA coating and the Ti substrates evaluated by standard bonding test (ASTM C633-01) were strongly affected by the failure behavior of the HA coating. A mechanism to explain the failure is discussed in terms of surface roughness of the plasma-sprayed HA coatings on the bulk and porous Ti substrates.     

Factors influencing the deposition of hydroxyapatite coating onto hollow glass microspheres

Hydroxyapatite (HA) and HA coated microcarriers for cell culture and delivery have attracted more attention recently, owing to the rapid progress in the field of tissue engineering. In this research, a dense and uniform HA coating with the thickness of about 2 μm was successfully deposited on hollow glass microspheres (HGM) by biomimetic process. The influences of SBF concentration, immersion time, solid/liquid ratio and activation of HGM on the deposition rate and coating characteristics were discussed. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR) analyses revealed that the deposited HA is poorly crystalline. The thickness of HA coating showed almost no increase after immersion in 1.5SBF for more than 15 days with the solid/liquid ratio of 1:150. At the same time, SBF concentration, solid/liquid ratio and activation treatment played vital roles in the formation of HA coating on HGM. This poorly crystallized HA coated HGM could have potential use as microcarrier for cell culture.     

Fabrication of nano-structured HA/CNT coatings on Ti6Al4V by electrophoretic deposition for biomedical applications

In order to improve the bone bioactivity and osteointegration of metallic implants, hydroxyapatite (HA) is often coated on their surface so that a real bond with the surrounding bone tissue can be formed. In the present study, cathodic electrophoretic deposition (EPD) has been attempted for depositing nanostructured HA coatings on titanium alloy Ti6Al4V followed by sintering at 800 degrees C. Nano-sized HA powder was used in the EPD process to produce dense coatings. Moreover, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were also used to reinforce the HA coating for enhancing its mechanical strength. The surface morphology, compositions and microstructure of the monolithic coating of HA and nanocomposite coatings of HA with different CNT contents (4 to 25%) on Ti6Al4V were investigated by scanning-electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Xray diffractometry, respectively. Electrochemical corrosion behavior of the various coatings in Hanks' solution at 37 degrees C was investigated by means of open-circuit potential measurement and cyclic potentiodynamic polarization tests. Surface hardness, adhesion strength and bone bioactivity of the coatings were also studied. The HA and HA/CNT coatings had a thickness of about 10 microm, with corrosion resistance higher than that of the substrate and adhesion strength higher than that of plasma sprayed HA coating. The properties of the composite coatings were optimized by varying the CNT contents. The enhanced properties could be attributed to the use of nano-sized HA particles and CNTs. Compared with the monolithic HA coating, the CNT-reinforced HA coating markedly increased the coating hardness without deteriorating the corrosion resistance or adhesion strength.     

Preparation of an electrodeposited hydroxyapatite coating on titanium substrate suitable for in-vivo applications

In this paper the porous hydroxyapatite coating on Ti implant materials was prepared by the process of electrodeposition, hydrothermal and sinter. The surface morphology, bond strength and thickness of HA coatings were investigated by SEM, AFM, and its biocompatibility was evaluated by cytotoxicity experiments and implant experiments, respectively. Results showed that (1) The HA coatings was 50 μm thickness and adhered on the Ti substrate strongly, which bond strength reached 38MPa. AFM analysis showed that the HA coating was porous structure, in which the mean pore size was 236.5 μm, (2) Cytotoxicity experiments and implant experiments showed that HA-coated Ti implant materials has little cytotoxicity in vitro and little inflammatory reaction in vivo, and there were no statistically disparity between HA-coated Ti implant and titanium implant materials of clinical application (p > 0.05), which demonstrated that HA-coated Ti has a good biocompatibility.     

Hydroxyapatite deposition study through polymeric process on commercially pure Ti surfaces modified by laser beam irradiation

Many techniques have been used to coat metallic substrate with bioceramics. The aim of this study was to study the physical-chemical characteristics of polyvinylidene fluoride (α-PVDF)/hydroxyapatite (HA) composite coating, obtained by casting method, on commercially pure titanium (α-CP Ti) substrate surface modified by laser beam irradiation. The preparation of coating was done for mixing α-PVDF pellets shape dissolved in dimethylacetamide (DMA) with HA/DMA emulsion. The mixture was poured onto the α-CP Ti sample and left to dry in an oven. CP Ti plates were coated with α-PVDF/HA composite film, in proportions of 100/00 and 60/40 in weight, and characterized by particle size analysis, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffractometry, thickness measurement and contact angle. Uniform coating with a small thickness variation along the coated surface was successfully obtained.     

Microstructure of Bioglass/Hydroxynpatite Coatings on Ti Substrate

Composite coatings of bioglass and hydroxyapatite (briefly named HA/BG) with different hydroxyapatite contents on titanium substrate were successfully fabricated. The fabricated coatings are characterized by rough and poriform surface.The densities of the coatings decrease with the increase of HA content. There is a transition layer with a 5 μm thickness between the BG coating and the substrate. During heat-treatment, hydroxyapatite crystals with hexastyle shape have precipitated from the BG.     

Microstructure of Bioglass/Hydroxyapatite Coatings on Ti Substrate

［1］L.L.Hench: J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1998, 81, 1705. ［2］J.F.Kay, M.Jarcho, G.Logan, J.Embry and C.Stinner: J. Dent. Res., 1986, 65, 222. ［3］J.Jansen, J.P.C.M.Vande Waerden, J.G.C.Walke, and K.de Groot: J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 1991, 25, 972. ［4］Yongdong XU and Litong ZHANG: Acta. Mater. Compositae Sin., 1995, 12, 53. (in Chinese)     

Adhesion study of pulsed laser deposited hydroxyapatite coating on laser surface nitrided titanium

Hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings were fabricated by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on commercially pure titanium which had been subjected to different types of pre-treatment. These include: (i) 60-grit SiC grinding, (ii) 320-grit SiC grinding, (iii) 1-µm diamond paste mirror-finishing, (iv) etching with Knoll solution, and (v) laser surface nitriding followed by selective etching. The HA coatings were pulsed laser deposited at different water-vapor pressures to determine the optimal processing conditions. The nitrided-etched specimen exhibits a three dimensional TiN dendritic network which promotes the adhesion between HA coating and titanium substrate. Among the specimens with different pre-treatments, the adhesion strength of HA is the highest for the nitrided-etched specimen, reaching about twice that for the mirror-finished specimen. Thin-film X-ray diffraction shows a high degree of crystallinity for the PLD deposited HA. According to energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, the Ca/P ratio of the deposited HA reaches an approximate value of 1.7, similar to that of the HA target. Scanning-electron microscopy reveals that the deposited HA is about 4 μm in thickness. Growth of apatite was rapidly induced on the HA coated specimens when immersed in Hanks' solution for 4 days, indicating that the PLD HA coating is highly bone bioactive. This could be partly due to the high wettability of the PLD HA surface.     

Investigation of boundary conditions for biomimetic HA deposition on titanium oxide surfaces

To improve the clinical outcome of metal implants, i.e. earlier loading and reduction of the incidence of revision surgery, better bone bonding ability is wanted. One method to achieve this is to change the surface chemistry to give a surface that facilitates bone bonding in vivo, i.e. a bioactive surface. Crystalline titanium oxide has recently been proven to be bioactive in vitro and is an interesting option to the more common hydroxylapatite (HA) coatings on implants. A materials possible in vitro bioactivity is tested through soaking in simulated body fluid and studies of possible HA formation on the surface. For bioactive materials, the formed HA layer can also be used as a coating. The aim of the current paper is to investigate some boundary conditions for HA formation on crystalline titanium oxide surfaces regarding influence from coating thickness, soaking time and soaking temperature. The influence from soaking time and temperature on the HA growth were investigated on oxidised Ti samples, (24 h at 800°C) resulting in a rutile surface structure. The oxidised samples were tested at three temperatures (4, 37 and 65°C) and four times (1 h, 1 day, 1 week and 4 weeks). The influence from titanium coating thickness on the HA growth was investigated via depositing thin films of crystalline titanium dioxide on Ti plates using a reactive magnetron sputtering process. Four different PVD runs with coating thicknesses between 19 and 74 nm were tested. The soaking temperature had an effect on the HA formation and growth on both rutile surfaces and native oxide on Ti substrates. Higher temperatures lead to easier formation of HA. It was even possible, at 65°C, to grow HA on native titanium oxide from soaking in PBS. The coating quality was better for HA formed at 65°C compared to 37°C. All PVD-coatings showed HA growth after 1 week in PBS at 37°C, thus even very thin coatings of crystalline titanium oxide coatings are bioactive.

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电流密度对水热电化学沉积HA涂层性能的影响

在含0.15mol/L HF,2mol/L H_3PO_4的水溶液中对Ti6Al4V基体进行阳极氧化处理,然后在0.02mol/L CaCl_2,0.012mol/L K_2HPO_4·3H_2O,0.139mol/L NaCl的电解液中采用水热电化学沉积方法在预处理的Ti_6Al_4V基体表面制备羟基磷灰石(HA)涂层。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、台阶仪和万能材料试验机等研究沉积过程中电流密度大小对HA涂层物相、微观形貌、厚度、生物活性及结合强度的影响。结果表明:采用水热电化学沉积方法在不同电流密度下均制备出了HA涂层,涂层表现为分层生长,部分晶体呈花簇状。HA的厚度随电流密度的增加先增大后减小,在1.25mA/cm~2时达到最大为26.4μm,此时涂层最为致密,与基体的结合强度最高,约为20.0MPa。模拟体液(SBF)浸泡实验能较快诱导类骨磷灰石(CHA)的生成,最大直径达到7~8μm,表明涂层具有较好的生物活性。