基于设计结构矩阵的复杂产品开发项目规划模型

提出了基于设计结构矩阵的复杂产品开发项目规划模型,包括采用返工概率设计结构矩阵模型来描述产品开发子项目内部任务的串行迭代关系,以及计算由于迭代造成任务工期的增加量对子项目实施周期的影响;在子项目设计结构矩阵模型的基础上建立项目整体(包含多个子项目)的设计结构矩阵模型,并结合分区操作计算项目的总周期.通过仿真可以识别和量化子项目内部任务的串行迭代对项目周期的影响,预见项目周期,找出影响项目周期的关键子项目和关键任务.     

基于设计结构矩阵理论的产品开发过程建模及仿真优化

为更好地刻画产品开发过程和流程优化,提出了基于设计结构矩阵理论的产品开发仿真模型,并据此模型设计流程优化算法。模型采用蒙特卡罗仿真方法模拟产品开发过程,用以估算产品开发时间、费用,以及按要求完工的概率。该仿真模型考虑了任务执行时间的不确定性和任务之间的顺序约束关系,同时还考虑了项目执行过程中的返工迭代和学习效应。在考虑顺序约束关系的条件下,利用遗传算法优化任务执行顺序。算例分析表明,该优化算法可以使项目的成功率提高17％。     

基于实例和层次分析法的产品开发资源评价

针对产品开发过程中不同部门的资源评价问题,提出一种基于实例和层次分析法的产品开发资源评价方法。通过对设计资源的客观信息数据分析和资源价值指标的定义,构建基于实例信息扩散原理的客观评价模型。领域专家和项目负责人分别从资源价值性、资源稀缺性和不可替代性等不同角度给出资源比重的互补判断矩阵。综合上述评价结果构建三角模糊数互补判断矩阵,并对其模糊均值矩阵进行一致性修正和排序,实现并行产品开发过程中资源比重的分析。最后通过复杂机电系统设计实例验证该资源评价方法的可行性和有效性。     

基于多阶段工作转移矩阵的串行耦合设计任务分配策略

针对串行耦合设计任务的团队分配因涉及任务的返工而导致分配策略相当复杂这一问题,引入多阶段工作转移矩阵,将任务间的耦合关系以返工量的形式量化,并根据团队分配衍生矩阵建立串行耦合设计任务分配的数学模型,简化了串行耦合设计任务的分配过程。利用遗传算法求解该模型,获得了不同设计需求下产品开发任务的最佳任务分配方案。以某电动汽车开发项目为例,验证了该模型的可行性和有效性。     

复杂产品结构的模块化聚类及设计迭代量计算

以汽车发动机开发为例,基于设计结构矩阵对发动机开发过程进行了建模与分析;对产品开发过程中的结构特征描述,复杂产品的实体单元之间的依赖关系的管理,系统结构的模块化聚类,以及识别和优化设计迭代等方面进行了研究;对发动机开发任务进行了模块化聚类,并运用基于定量参数的分析变换模型计算了在发动机设计过程中各个任务所引起的依赖性设计迭代总量。实际开发项目应用表明,复杂产品结构的模块化聚类及设计迭代计算能有效降低发动机产品开发决策中的复杂性。     

支持设计过程仿真的逻辑迭代结构模型及其仿真

针对现有设计结构矩阵不能完整地表达产品开发过程中存在的复杂信息迭代关系,从而造成基于该模型的开发过程仿真结果的不确定性大和开发过程时间的控制难、导致产品开发计划延误的缺陷,提出一种有利于表达产品开发过程中复杂信息迭代关系的逻辑迭代结构树模型,将过程中迭代间所具有的逻辑关联作为过程模型中的重要迭代规则,以改进传统模型中由于信息不完善而造成的过程仿真偏差;建立基于逻辑迭代结构树网的设计过程仿真模型,开发相应的设计过程仿真软件,并以摩托车制动器产品的开发过程仿真为例进行了验证.结果表明新方法能更加全面有效地表达影响产品开发进度的各种因素,减少传统方法中由于模型信息不完善产生的结果失真,进一步提高产品开发过程分析与评价的准确性,有利于提高企业产品开发计划的可实施性.     

产品层级演化开发过程的建模方法研究

为解决当前面向产品开发过程的设计结构矩阵(Design Structure Matrix, DSM)模型不支持层次性和构建困难等问题,提出了符合产品开发过程逐层演化特点的分层设计结构矩阵建模方法,给出了子DSM、局部DSM和全局DSM三类矩阵模型的定义和建立分层DSM模型的矩阵层级嵌套算法,最后以风力发电机组设计开发过程为对象,详细描述了分层DSM模型的建立过程,验证了分层DSM建模方法的可行性。     

基于矩阵的工程变更雪崩传播预测方法

为预防和控制高风险、高花费的工程变更雪崩传播,减小产品开发Hub节点间的相互影响,提出一种基于矩阵和产品开发Hub节点的雪崩传播预测方法。介绍了作为基础的设计结构矩阵、设计依赖矩阵模型和Hub节点的获取方法;根据设计结构矩阵的聚类结果,以Hub节点为核心构建了设计依赖矩阵;针对该矩阵提出了依赖分析算法,得到了预测雪崩传播的重要矩阵模型——联系依赖矩阵;以联系依赖矩阵为基础,以预测影响范围为媒介,计算传播过程中被影响的Hub节点数目,以此作为判断雪崩传播是否发生的依据,并提出了预防和控制雪崩传播的方法。以某型号摩托车发动机为例说明了所提方法的应用及其合理性。     

活动重叠的复杂产品开发过程仿真分析

为了更有效地对复杂产品开发过程的时间-成本-质量进行预测分析,提出了活动重叠的复杂产品开发过程仿真方法。将活动重叠分为顺序重叠和反馈重叠,提出了将信息输入矩阵和信息输出矩阵用于量化评价重叠情况;采用任务返工概率矩阵、返工影响矩阵、学习效应曲线及质量改进矩阵来描述设计过程的迭代特性;基于活动重叠和迭代提出了时间、成本、质量的计算方法,并改进了产品开发过程仿真算法。最后,通过一个实例证明了该模型的有效性和实用性。     

基于多主体仿真的产品开发过程评价及优化

为研究产品开发项目的过程动态性能,提出采用基于多智能主体建模原理构建产品开发过程的仿真模型,实现了以人为中心的产品开发过程仿真。基于多主体仿真,提出反映人因、组织和过程性能的综合评价指标,包括计划偏移率、组织薪酬、过程风险和失误水平等。研究了关键评价指标的算法,并在仿真程序中加以实现。最后,以摩托车零件开发项目为例进行仿真,并从任务流、人力配置、组织结构等方面对该项目进行了过程性能优化分析。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.