基于彩色CCD的高温场辐射测温方法

针对基于彩色CCD的高温场辐射测温问题,提出利用红、绿基色值进行比色测温来获取单一光圈快门组合内的最大测温范围,并进一步利用变换光圈快门组合来使得测温范围能够覆盖高温生产的常用温度范围;通过标定减少CCD光谱响应带宽和被测对象光谱发射率对测温精度的影响,提高测温精度.在此基础上,开发了CCD高温场测量仪.计量校准结果表明,测温仪具有较高的测温精度和实用性,能够满足常见高温生产过程对于温度测量的应用要求.     

基于DSP的高温辐射体表面温度场快速测量方法

针对基于PC机的辐射测温系统存在结构复杂、体积较大、不便携带和安装使用等问题,提出了基于DSP的高温辐射体表面温度场快速测量方法。结合多光谱图像分割技术与改进的一维快速Otsu阈值算法,实现高温目标图像的快速识别,然后以高温辐射体表面图像像素点的红、绿基色值作为索引,运用查表法快速获取高温辐射体表面温度场分布,并以伪彩色图像实时显示。实验结果表明:该方法能够在基于DSP搭建的硬件平台上快速有效地测量出高温辐射体表面温度场分布,具有较强的实用性。     

利用同步辐射建立紫外及真空紫外光谱辐射标准

在辐射计量工作中,光源光谱辐射特性的测定占很重要的地位。可以有两种方法来确定光源的光谱辐射特性:一种是标准光源法,一种是标准探测器法。前者是把待测光源和标准光源在同一光谱辐射计上进行比较,以得出待测光源的光谱辐射特性。后者是用标准探测器和光谱辐射计测得待测光源的光谱辐射分布,然后根据预先测得的光谱辐射计传递特性进行修正。     

基于波长积分双色法的小视场快速温度场测量

激光退火技术有热预算低、瞬间温度高的特点,其温度场特性是材料电学性能的重要表征参数.准确实时测量瞬态小温度场对整体退火工艺过程的把控具有重要的参考价值.辐射测温法通过收集样品辐射光谱中特定波段的能量来实现温度的非接触在线测量,具有响应快、测温范围宽等特点.提出了一种基于InGaAs红外光电二极管的双色辐射测温系统设计方...     

红外热像仪外场测温的大气透过率二次标定

为了实现测温红外热像仪的外场精确测温,研究了大气透过率的二次标定。建立了红外热像仪的外场远距离测温标定模型,采用一个标准面源黑体和红外热像仪对大气透过率进行了二次标定。首先,用标准面源黑体的设置温度标定大气透过率的二次修正系数;然后,在已知目标感兴趣区域发射率的情况下,用二次修正系数对未知辐射源测量值进行修正,实现未知辐射源目标辐射温度的准确测量。实验显示,随黑体设置温度从50℃不断升高(二次大气透过率近似为1),大气二次透过率修正系数在50～100℃内迅速下降,在100～200℃内下降趋势减缓,逐渐接近于约为0.7的常数。实验结果为测温红外热像仪外场精确测温提供了保证。     

基于多光谱显微成像的颗粒表面温度分布测量

分别采用彩色相机和多光谱相机构建辐射测温系统,利用黑体炉进行温度模型标定实验,并基于BP神经网络对标定数据进行训练得到测温模型。通过蜡烛火焰的温度测量实验,验证了测温模型的可靠性,且结果显示多光谱成像测温系统的测温精度高于彩色相机测温系统。针对常规辐射成像测温系统空间分辨率不足的问题,采用多光谱相机结合显微镜搭建了显微测温平台,对高温热台内的单石油焦颗粒燃烧过程进行记录,得到了石油焦颗粒表面的温度分布以及随时间的温度变化过程。     

基于多光谱辐射的高速轴承温度测量方法

针对轴承升温过程很难在可变动态载荷下进行高精度实时监测的问题,文中提出了一种高速轴承多光谱温度测量方法。首先,根据Palmgren方法建立高速轴承热力学模型;然后,利用辐射传热原理分别分析轴承热辐射源和背景热辐射源的影响机理,建立轴承的多光谱温度测量模型。为了验证文中方法的有效性,利用800～1 700 nm波段的光谱对深沟球轴承进行温度测量实验。实验结果表明,轴承材料的发射率近似为常数,其背景辐射源的发射率近似为线性。与传统的有限元方法相比,多光谱测温法的平均绝对误差范围为-0. 160～0. 285℃,标准差范围为0. 484～0. 639℃。文中方法能够有效地测量高速轴承的动态温度。     

二色温度计

二色温度计是以不接触被测物体的方式测温的。因而,用来测量运动物体和热电偶等不能接触的高温物体的温度非常适宜。二色温度计抗干扰性强,不易受到辐射率的影响,能透过模糊不清的玻璃、水膜和烟之类的物质,作高精度测量。现根据普朗克(Planck)辐射定律,设物体所受的光谱辐射亮度为L(λ,T)、辐射率为ε(λ,T),则实际光谱辐射亮度为εL。设二色温度计不同的两个测量波长分别为λ_1、λ_2,则指示     

辐射温度计的等效波长及其应用

经典的有效波长和亮度温度理论仅适用于高温测量等可忽略环境辐射影响的场合.考虑了环境辐射影响,基于中值定理推导并定义等效波长,用于简化测温数学模型.用有效辐射和等效波长概念定义单色和带通辐射温度计的测量结果--亮度温度.阐述了等效波长的计算方法.利用矩形带通光谱响应近似模型,解决了难以测定光谱响应度的宽带辐射温度计的等效波长计算问题.针对(8～14)μm宽带辐射温度计计算了等效波长,可简化计算和不确定度评定.在应用实例中分析了黑体辐射源发射率对宽带辐射温度计校准的影响和用黑体辐射源直接校准发射率设定值为0.95的宽带辐射温度计的方法误差.     

铸坯表面温度场测量仪的研究

基于面阵CCD(charge coupled device)的测温系统可以有效克服氧化皮对铸坯表面温度测量的干扰,近年来成为高温测量领域研究的热点。但CCD的非线性关系导致动态测温范围窄、低温段测量精度低。基于窄带带通滤光片建立了单光谱辐射CCD测温模型,据此研制了由滤光片、CCD、CCD信号处理器及DSP构成的铸坯表面温度场测量仪。通过一点标定和自适应调整光积分时间,扩展了CCD测温范围,同时改善了低温段的测量精度,使各温度段测量结果趋于等精度分布;采用4级流水线机制及DSP、工控机(industrial personal computer,IPC)2级数据处理结构,提高了系统的实时性;该仪器还具有暗电流补偿和以太网传输功能。通过黑体炉标定和现场测量,结果表明研制的测温仪满足铸坯表面温度场测量要求。     

The European project on high temperature measurement solutions in industry (HiTeMS) – A summary of achievements

High temperature measurement in industry is subject to large uncertainties due to the non-ideal measurement conditions; for example unknown emissivity and window transmission for radiation thermometry, sensor contamination and ageing causing unpredictable drift in contact thermometry. This paper gives an overview of a European Metrology Research Programme (EMRP) project “High Temperature Metrology for Industrial Applications” (HiTeMS) whose objective was to address, on a broad front, a number of unsolved measurement challenges in the domain of high temperatures (above 1000 °C) both in non-contact and contact thermometry. It brought together a total of 15 partner organisations; National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) (10), industrial companies (4) and a Fraunhofer Institute. The project started in September 2011 and was completed August 2014. Significant progress has been made in all the temperature measurement challenges tackled.     

Application of multispectral radiation thermometry in temperature measurement of thermal barrier coated surfaces

Ceramics coatings are materials widely used in gas turbines to provide thermal shielding of superalloy materials against excessive turbine temperatures. However, measurement of their surface temperatures using conventional radiation thermometers, more so in the presence of high ambient radiation and low emissivity is quite challenging. A multispectral method employing curve fitting technique to measure the temperature of such targets in the range of 800–1200 K and ambient temperature of 1273 K is implemented in this paper through simulation. Several simulated experiments were carried out to identify emissivity models best suited for multispectral radiation thermometry applicable to ceramic coatings. The best emissivity model applicable to yttria-stabilized zirconia of coating thickness of 330 μm in the wavelength range of 3.5–3.9 μm was found to predict temperature with an error of less than 1.5% in the presence and absence of background noise.     

基于标校的双波段比色测温法

辐射测温是获得物体温度的重要手段之一,其代表性方法主要有双波段比色测温。传统双波段比色测温受现有大气透过率测量精度的限制,目标双波段辐亮度比值Q的不确定度为31.8%,大大限制了测温精度。提出了基于标校的双波段比色测温法,利用目标附近的参考黑体实现对目标和测温系统之间大气透过率的高精度测量,由此提高目标测温精度。分析表明,该方法的目标双波段辐亮度比值Q的不确定度优于4.7%。利用中波和长波红外相机对某大楼墙面进行了双波段比色测温实验,结果表明,传统双波段比色测温法的绝对和相对测温误差分别为7.1 K、2.32%,而该方法的绝对和相对测温误差分别为1.7 K、0.55%,大大优于传统方法。     

Error analysis on measurement temperature by means dual-color thermography technique

Dual color thermography is a non-contact measurement temperature technique used mainly when the emissivity of surface is unknown; it is based on ratio of monochromatic emissive power calculated by means Planck’s radiation equation and allows measuring the temperature of gray body surface objects without being assigned their emissivity and without approximations.For real surfaces, the emissivity varies with the temperature of surface as well as the wavelength and the direction of radiation. In this case, the dual color thermometry is executed by equipping the IR camera of two narrow band pass filters, so as to consider the surface emissivity of a quite constant value. This allows calculating the ratio between the radiative fluxes of the two different emission wavelengths that is almost independent to the surface emissivity.One of the crucial factor in this technique is the choice of the two narrow filter wavelengths. In fact the measurement errors depends directly on the two wavelengths and the variation of spectral emissivity related to the wavelength chosen and it also depends inversely on distance between central value of filters.In this paper, the authors have developed and validated a mathematical model of experimental setup to measure object surface temperature by means IR thermo-camera. This mathematical model was used to quantify the temperature measurement error in the dual-color technique. A novel correlation to estimate temperature measurement error was provided.     

辐射测温的广义有效亮度温度

针对实际测温中的问题和经典亮度温度理论的不足,提出了以灰体为参照辐射体的广义有效亮度温度概念;利用等效波长理论阐述了带通辐射温度计测量的"主观"特性(积分广义有效亮度温度)与表面有效辐射的"客观"特性(广义有效亮度温度)的关系;分析归纳了广义有效亮度温度的特性以及它与广义亮度温度、有效亮度温度和经典亮度温度之间的关系。广义有效亮度温度理论是对以黑体为参考辐射体的经典表观温度理论的发展,能够在理论上表达和解释亮度测量辐射温度计的实际测量结果,包括在经典理论中缺乏解释的具备发射率修正功能的辐射测温计的测量结果。     

Improving the integrity of IR based online moisture measurement used in the paper and board industry

The automatic control of product moisture content in the paper industry is based upon online moisture measurement. Furthermore, the automatic control of other quality variables such as coat weight may also rely on the moisture measurement. The integrity of infrared radiation (IR) based online moisture measurement systems was studied by performing basic calibrations at the mills with references sealed between two glass plates. The calibrations were performed according to the EN ISO/IEC 17025 standard which is a requirement for calibration laboratories. The observed measurement errors were 2.9% moisture in the first time calibrations at the 95% confidence level. It is demonstrated that these errors can be reduced to under 0.5% moisture by applying traceable methods in the basic calibration, thus improving the integrity of online moisture measurements. Also a standardised algorithm, based on the experience from the performed calibrations, is proposed to ease the adjustment of different moisture measurement systems.     

单通风道防辐射装置的设计

基于野外和便携式测温的大量需求,设计一种有别于防辐射罩形式的单通风道温度传感器防辐射装置,通过对不同种材料和不同结构形式进行试验,并与标准观测场中的百叶箱内的干湿球温度表进行对比,结果表明单通风道防辐射装置的结构基本满足野外和便携温度测量的需要。     

激光等离子体X射线极化光谱研究

为了诊断激光等离子体X射线的极化光谱,研制了一种新型的基于空间分辨的极化谱仪。将平面晶体和球面弯晶色散元件在极化谱仪内正交布置,即在水平通道用PET平面晶体作为色散元件,而在垂直通道用Mica球面弯晶作为色散元件,球面半径为380mm。信号采用成像板进行接收,有效接收面积为30×80mm,从等离子体光源经晶体到成像板的光路约为980mm。物理实验首次在中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心“2×10J激光装置”上进行,成像板获得了铝激光等离子体X射线的光谱空间分辨信号。实验结果表明该谱仪具有较高谱分辨率,适合激光等离子体x射线极化光谱的诊断。