基于同名点间距变换的三维显示参数匹配

传统集成成像系统以重构场景为记录场景的镜像,而当用相机阵列代替透镜阵列获取元素图像时,两种阵列参数的不匹配会破坏上述镜像关系.为了得到相机阵列获取的元素图像经透镜阵列重构后的物像关系,本文提出用同名点间距计算集成成像重构像距的方法.该方法通过获取端场景物距、相机焦距等参数,得到同名点间距,并等效至重构端透镜阵列系统来实现光学参数的匹配.理论计算表明,同名点间距不同,得到的重构像距也不同.对与透镜阵列参数匹配的同名点间距进行变换处理,即可精确再现不同重构像距的景物.最后,通过实验验证了本文所提方法的有效性.     

基于相机阵列获取元素图像的集成成像抗串扰参数设计

为了得到理想的抗串扰三维图像,研究了用相机阵列记录三维场景时,如何排列所获取的元素图像并使其与重构的微透镜阵列匹配的问题.通过分析集成成像原理,讨论了元素图像间距、微透镜阵列间距、焦距等几个重要参数之间的关系,证明了对于固定的微透镜阵列,元素图像间距是场景重构时的重要因素,并结合分析给出了最佳设计参数.系统分析了元素图...     

基于微透镜阵列的三维数字成像

基于微透镜阵列多视角成像特点, 利用几何光学原理,提出一种对物体进行三维数字成像的重构算法.利用这种算法,对CCD相机捕获到的基元图像阵列进行重构.与传统的利用光学系统对物体进行重构的方法相比,该算法不再受到重构过程中遇到的杂光以及衍射效应等因素的影响,具有实时性好、清晰度高的优点.搭建了基于微透镜阵列的三维数字成像系统实验平台,利用此算法对实验中获得的骰子基元图像阵列进行重构,成功地重构出原始物体的三维立体图像,在理论上和实验上证明了这种重构算法的有效性和可行性,并对实验中影响成像质量的因素进行了分析.     

应用压缩传感理论的单像素相机成像系统

采用稀疏二进制矩阵作为测量矩阵完成了单像素相机对不同场景的拍摄。基于压缩传感理论设计的单像素相机,利用数字微镜阵列和单个探测元件实现高分辨率图像的拍摄,将图像采集和压缩合二为一,减少了数据,降低了系统规模、复杂度和成本。对测量矩阵进行了分析,给出了二进制测量矩阵精确重构条件。搭建了硬件实验平台,采用稀疏二进制测量矩阵,对笔划复杂度不同的"中"字、"国"字和复杂实物这3种不同的场景进行了拍摄实验,利用梯度投影重构算法重构出目标图像,图像分辨率为数字微镜阵列大小。实验结果显示,对于3种不同场景,在测量次数为目标图像像素总数的20%～30%时,能精确重构出目标图像,表明单像素相机能实现高分辨率图像的拍摄。     

一种快速计算机集成成像

为了提高计算机集成成像技术的记录速度,提出了一种快速计算机集成成像技术。该技术基于无深度反转的一次记录原理,在一次记录过程中,忽略距离微透镜阵列近的物点,而记录距离微透镜阵列远的物点,从而获得无深度反转的微图像阵列。实验中采用Direct3D软件对3Dsmax软件创建的场景进行无深度反转的一次记录,快速地生成微图像阵列,并用光学再现的方式对其进行再现。实验结果证明,该方法的记录时间达到了0.56 s,实现了快速记录,并且真实地、无深度反转地重建出了立体图像。     

光场图像重构算法仿真

根据光场成像原理,对非聚焦型光场相机和聚焦型光场相机的成像原理和采样模式进行了分析,对比了两种光场成像系统的成像特点。针对不同类型光场相机的信息采样特点,推导了非聚焦型光场相机空域平移叠加重聚焦算法及聚焦型光场相机基础图像重构算法,并在MATLAB中对两种图像重聚焦算法进行了仿真验证,实验证明两种算法都可以有效获得任一景深清晰的像,可为光场成像技术的应用提供借鉴。     

基于集成成像技术的零件孔径位置检测

针对利用霍夫圆检测方法很难定位大尺寸零件上所有孔径位置的问题,本文提出了一种将集成成像技术与霍夫圆检测算法相结合的非接触式测量方法.首先,根据经典成像理论提出了一套集成成像信息获取算法.其次,利用二维平移台和CCD相机搭建了相机阵列实验装置.系统工作时,相机采集的元素图像阵列,可以通过霍夫圆检测和坐标获取算法来实现零件孔径位置的定位.基于上述理论进行了验证实验,结果显示,零件孔径位置的检测误差在0.3mm以内.该方法为集成成像技术应用于高精密位置检测提供了有效的理论支持.     

基于集成成像技术的零件孔径位置检测（英文）

针对利用霍夫圆检测方法很难定位大尺寸零件上所有孔径位置的问题,本文提出了一种将集成成像技术与霍夫圆检测算法相结合的非接触式测量方法。首先,根据经典成像理论提出了一套集成成像信息获取算法。其次,利用二维平移台和CCD相机搭建了相机阵列实验装置。系统工作时,相机采集的元素图像阵列,可以通过霍夫圆检测和坐标获取算法来实现零件孔径位置的定位。基于上述理论进行了验证实验,结果显示,零件孔径位置的检测误差在0.3mm以内。该方法为集成成像技术应用于高精密位置检测提供了有效的理论支持。     

水下透视投影图像非线性畸变校正方法

针对水下成像多界面折射引起的图像非线性畸变,提出一种水下透视投影图像校正方法,将相机透过多界面拍摄的水下图像转化为空气中相机拍摄目标的透视投影图像。首先,在多层平面折射模型下,以四维光场参数化的形式对水下相机成像过程建模,通过光场的方向信息计算出水中像点与校正像点间坐标的映射关系。然后,利用两者映射关系将水下相机获取的图像转化为空气中透视投影图像。经仿真优化,物距在2～4 m的透视投影图像平均误差在1 pixel以内。实验结果也验证了该方法的可靠性与准确性,当物距在2 m时,校正后的透视投影图像平均误差为0.56 pixel,行匹配平均误差为0.4 pixel。     

基于Hartmann-Shack波前检测原理的微透镜阵列焦距测量

基于哈特曼波前传感器检测原理,结合图像清晰度定焦技术,提出了一种测量微透镜阵列焦距的方法,介绍了测量系统的组成和原理.首先利用平行光管的出射平面波前在被测微透镜阵列焦面上成像,利用标准透镜产生的球面波前在微透镜阵列焦面附近成像.然后,根据平面波前和球面波前经过微透镜阵列成像时微透镜阵列焦面上光斑的偏移量,计算相应的微透镜阵列子单元的焦距.最后,基于图像清晰度定焦技术,通过不确定度分析和实验测量验证了该方法检测微透镜阵列焦距的可行性.测量结果表明,该方法对微透镜阵列焦距检测精度可达到3％;同时,一次测量可完成微透镜阵列多个子单元的焦距标定.相对于传统的检测方法,该方法具有较高的检测精度和效率.     

基于阵列图像的自适应光场三维重建算法研究

针对现有光场图像获取困难,深度重建过程中遮挡以及亮度变化较大区域匹配效果差、稳健性低等问题,提出了基于单反相机的光场图像获取方法以及EPI自适应三维重建算法。在图像预处理阶段,该算法利用双边滤波器对EPI进行去噪,并通过交叉检测模型求得边缘区域。在边缘深度求解以及深度扩散阶段,算法在先验似然策略的基础上,提出EPI自适应框架,通过最大类间方差(OSTU)准则自动设定阈值,舍弃类外点,使距离度量只发生在类内点之间,因此极大地消除了遮挡以及光照变化的影响,提高了边缘深度和内部深度估计的准确性和稳健性。实验结果表明,所提出的系统可以方便地获取阵列图像,成本低、操作方便,且提出的算法能较好地估计场景的深度信息,并实现场景的三维重建,比以往算法在精度上有较大提高。     

Attitude measurement based on imaging ray tracking model and orthographic projection with iteration algorithm

In the field of vision-based attitude estimation, camera model and attitude solving algorithm are the key technologies, which determine the measurement accuracy, effectiveness and applicability. Aiming at this issue, in this paper we probe into the generic imaging model and then develop a corresponding generic camera calibration method using two auxiliary calibration planes. The camera model is named as imaging ray tracking model. Based on the imaging ray tracking camera model and with the knowledge of the calibration parameters, an advanced attitude solving algorithm, imaging ray tracking model and attitude from orthographic projection with iterations algorithm, is deeply investigated, which is inspired by the classical POSIT algorithm. The initial attitude value is provided by the orthographic projection of the object on the two calibration planes and then refined by iteration to approximate the true object attitude. Experimental platform is setup to conduct the imaging ray tracking camera calibration procedure and further evaluate our attitude estimation algorithm. We show the effectiveness and superiority of our proposed attitude estimation algorithm by thorough testing on real-data and by comparison with the POSIT algorithm.     

Polarized light field microscopy: an analytical method using a microlens array to simultaneously capture both conoscopic and orthoscopic views of birefringent objects

For the comprehensive analysis of anisotropic materials, a new approach, called 'polarized light field microscopy' is introduced. It uses an LC-PolScope to which a microlens array was added at the image plane of the objective lens. The system is patterned after the 'light field microscope' that achieves both lateral and axial resolution in thick specimens in a single camera exposure. In polarized light field microscopy, the microlens array generates a hybrid image consisting of an array of small conoscopic images, each sampling a different object area. Analysis of the conoscopic images reveals the birefringence of each object area as a function of the propagation direction of transmitted light rays. The principles and utility of the instrument that we are calling 'light field LC-PolScope' are demonstrated with images of a thin, polycrystalline calcite film, revealing the azimuth and inclination angle of the optic axis for many crystals simultaneously, including crystals with diameters as small as 2 microm. Compared to traditional conoscopy and related methods, the vastly improved throughput and quantitative analysis afforded by the light field LC-PolScope make it the instrument of choice for measuring 3D birefringence parameters of complex structures.     

基于工业CT切片数据的反求建模技术研究

针对目前的反求技术研究都是对无分叉不带型腔的简单情况的零件,研究了复杂零件的工业CT(Industrial computed Tomography)切片数据建模技术,主要包括分割工业CT图像的方法、断层图像间的插值方法和反求重构等.采用基于边缘特征的二值化算法对图像进行分割,在此基础上提出了一种基于距离变换的目标图像插值方法,最后采用体绘制的方法对断层图像进行反求建模.对摩托车气缸头复杂零件工业CT断层数据进行了实验研究,实验结果表明,反求模型的合理性和平滑过渡都比较令人满意.     

Volume reconstruction of large tissue specimens from serial physical sections using confocal microscopy and correction of cutting deformations by elastic registration

A set of methods leading to volume reconstruction of biological specimens larger than the field of view of a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) is presented. Large tissue specimens are cut into thin physical slices and volume data sets are captured from all studied physical slices by CLSM. Overlapping spatial tiles of the same physical slice are stitched in horizontal direction. Image volumes of successive physical slices are linked in axial direction by applying an elastic registration algorithm to compensate for deformations because of cutting the specimen. We present a method enabling us to keep true object morphology using a priori information about the shape and size of the specimen, available from images of the cutting planes captured by a USB light microscope immediately before cutting the specimen by a microtome. The errors introduced by elastic registration are evaluated using a stereological point counting method and the Procrustes distance. Finally, the images are enhanced to compensate for the effect of the light attenuation with depth and visualized by a hardware accelerated volume rendering. Algorithmic steps of the reconstruction, namely elastic registration, object morphology preservation, image enhancement, and volume visualization, are implemented in a new Rapid3D software package. Because confocal microscopes get more and more frequently used in scientific laboratories, the described volume reconstruction may become an easy‐to‐apply tool to study large biological objects, tissues, and organs in histology, embryology, evolution biology, and developmental biology. In this work, we demonstrate the reconstruction using a postcranial part of a 17‐day‐old laboratory Wistar rat embryo. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

基于低秩矩阵分解的光场稀疏采样及重构

光场成像技术中光场的采集和数据的压缩处理是亟待解决的问题。为了实现光场的稀疏采样和恢复,建立了基于光场低秩结构的压缩采样相机系统,研究了光场矩阵的结构特征及压缩采样下光场图像的重构问题。根据静态光场各视点图像之间的内容相似性,将这些图像向量化并按列组合成一个二维矩阵,该矩阵呈现出低秩或近似低秩的状态。对光场图像矩阵进行低秩分解,结果表明偏离低秩的部分呈现出很强的稀疏性性质,低秩和稀疏各自表征不同的数据冗余度。然后,对基于掩膜的相机采样系统进行随机Noiselets变换测量,鉴于重构过程是一个低秩稀疏相关性约束下的优化求解问题,采用贪婪迭代求解分别重构出光场矩阵的低秩部分和稀疏部分。仿真结果表明,重构图像的PSNR维持在25dB以上,且保留了光场视点间的视差信息,能够满足稀疏采样中对光场图像的要求。     

Computer simulation of three-dimensional heavy ion beam trajectory imaging techniques used for magnetic field estimation

A magnetic field mapping technique via heavy ion beam trajectory imaging is being developed on the Madison Symmetric Torus reversed field pinch. This paper describes the computational tools created to model camera images of the light emitted from a simulated ion beam, reconstruct a three-dimensional trajectory, and estimate the accuracy of the reconstruction. First, a computer model is used to create images of the torus interior from any candidate camera location. It is used to explore the visual field of the camera and thus to guide camera parameters and placement. Second, it is shown that a three-dimensional ion beam trajectory can be recovered from a pair of perspectively projected trajectory images. The reconstruction considers effects due to finite beam size, nonuniform beam current density, and image background noise. Third, it is demonstrated that the trajectory reconstructed from camera images can help compute magnetic field profiles, and might be used as an additional constraint to an equilibrium reconstruction code, such as MSTFit.     

Stereo pairs of bright-field micrographs via Wiener-type inverse filtering

In a three-dimensional (3-D) image data set obtained through optical sectioning, each two-dimensional (2-D) segment is blurred by out-of-focus information from neighbouring focal planes superimposed on the in-focus segments from that plane. Instead of attempting to remove this redundant information over the full 3-D data set, we have developed a technique for restoring stereoscopic views. In this paper we describe the implementation of a Wiener-type inverse filtering method for generating stereo pairs of bright-field micrographs. A theoretical optical transfer function valid under certain simplifying approximations has been used in implementing this filtering technique. In developing this method the slice theorem of computed tomography is used. In this way the image reconstruction problem is reduced to one of processing 2-D arrays rather than 3-D arrays and the problem of restoring missing Fourier components within the missing-cone region is circumvented. Limited experimentation with real micrographs shows that the approach provides images that display an effective increased depth of field and 3-D attributes of the specimen, even though some of the underlying assumptions on which this method is based are difficult to verify explicitly. The method can be implemented with a relatively fast execution time on 386-SX computers.