绿茶提取物对红曲黄酒陈酿品质及寒热性的影响

为温和型红曲黄酒新产品的研制提供理论依据和技术支持。在红曲黄酒初酿酒中添加凉性植物配料绿茶提取物共陈酿,研究其对红曲黄酒陈酿品质及寒热性的影响。在初酿酒中添加绿茶提取物共陈酿可提高红曲黄酒的总酯、总酚含量,提高红曲黄酒总酯生成率,丰富红曲黄酒的风味复杂性;可延缓红曲黄酒的红色色素的降解,使陈酿12个月的红曲黄酒仍能保持红棕色;还可降低红曲黄酒的寒热性,提高红曲黄酒的品质。适宜的绿茶提取物添加量为质量分数3.0%,陈酿12个月后的黄酒总酯含量较传统工艺的黄酒上升107.30%,总酯增加率提高4.23个百分比,总酚含量提高158.53%,红色色价提高106.27%,寒热指数下降32.43%,差异均达极显著水平(P0.01)。酿造的红曲黄酒新产品物性温和、口感柔和、风味独特,且不失红曲黄酒典型性风格。     

不同生姜提取物的急性毒性研究

观察不同生姜提取物的急性毒性并对其进行评价.依据GB15193-2003(食品安全性毒理学评价程序和方法>进行急性毒性试验,研究生姜食品的急性毒性.生姜水提物和生姜醇提物对两种性别的小鼠经口毒性灌胃达66.67g/kg两周内动物未见明显中毒症状,无动物死亡.取灌胃1 d后与灌胃前的体重差值及灌胃一周后及灌胃前的体重差值做为小鼠长势的数据描述进行分析.经口急性毒性作用试验表明生姜无毒级物质.结论:生姜具有较好的食用安全性.     

香蕉花及其提取物的急性毒性评价

通过1次大剂量给药,观察小鼠出现的毒性反应及死亡情况,考察香蕉花及其提取物应用的安全性。依据《中药、天然药物急性毒性研究技术指导原则》进行急性毒性实验,小鼠灌胃给药1次,药后正常饲养,连续观察14d。结果显示:供试品香蕉花及其乙醇提取物在5g/kg剂量下,对KM小鼠灌胃给药急性毒性实验未见明显的毒性反应症状。      

香蕉花及其提取物的急性毒性评价

通过1次大剂量给药,观察小鼠出现的毒性反应及死亡情况,考察香蕉花及其提取物应用的安全性。依据《中药、天然药物急性毒性研究技术指导原则》进行急性毒性实验,小鼠灌胃给药1次,药后正常饲养,连续观察14d。结果显示:供试品香蕉花及其乙醇提取物在5g/kg剂量下,对KM小鼠灌胃给药急性毒性实验未见明显的毒性反应症状。     

酿酒红曲、色素红曲、功能红曲的对比及抑菌性研究

简要介绍了目前国内主要生产的三类红曲包括酿酒红曲、色素红曲和功能红曲。并对这三类红曲的色价、色调、外观、代谢组分、用途进行了比较。本文用不同种类的红曲米进行抑菌实验,结果显示不论是功能红曲、酿酒红曲,还是色素红曲都对一些菌有明显抑制作用。主要对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、毛霉有抑制作用,对酵母菌和大肠杆菌抑制作用不明显。     

葛根红曲提取物对高脂饲料诱导肥胖小鼠的抗肥胖功效

探究葛根红曲提取物（MRPE）对高脂饲料诱导肥胖C57BL/6J小鼠的肥胖改善作用。方法：使用高脂饲料喂食小鼠诱导其形成肥胖,然后继续喂食高脂饲料并分别灌胃无菌水（HF组,n=8）,Monacolin K（MK组,n=8）,正常剂量MRPE（MRPE-C组,n=8）,高剂量MRPE（MRPE-H组,n=8）。灌胃4周后测定小鼠体重、体长、腹部脂肪并计算总脂体比和Lee’s 指数;收集小鼠血液样品检测血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）水平及脂多糖（LBP）含量。结果：与HF组相比,正常剂量和高剂量MRPE均能够显著降低肥胖小鼠的体重、总脂体比、Lee’s 指数,以及血清TC、TG水平和LBP含量（P均小于0.05）,且能显著提高血清HDL-C水平（P均小于0.05）;MRPE-H组小鼠LDL-C水平显著低于HF组（P<0.05）。此外,MRPE具有一定剂量依赖关系,与MRPE-C组相比,MRPE-H组小鼠总脂体比低20.43%;血清LDL-C水平降低了8.22%。高剂量MRPE具有与Monacolin K相当的抗肥胖和改善血脂效果。结论：葛根红曲提取物能改善肥胖小鼠体内脂肪的堆积,具有控制体重的效果,并能改善血脂及降低炎症风险。     

牛肉汁致突变性的研究

在用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(Salmonella typhimurinm)雨株TA 98研究了熬煮牛肉汁的致突变性。结果表明,牛肉汁的致突变性水平取决于熬煮的时间和浓度,而与其色度无关。     

磷虾油和红曲提取物对高脂血症大鼠的辅助降血脂作用

以高脂血症大鼠为模型,研究磷虾油和红曲提取物降血脂的功效。将雄性大鼠分为12组（n=10）,阴性对照组与模型组给予w=0.9%生理盐水,药物组灌胃w=0.01%的辛伐他丁,磷虾油干预组每日分别灌胃83.33、166.67、500.00 mg/kg磷虾油,红曲提取物组每日灌胃33.33、66.67、200.00 mg/kg红曲提取物,混合物组每日分别灌胃166.67+33.33、166.67+66.67、166.67+200.00 mg/kg磷虾油+红曲提取物。阴性对照组给予正常饲料,其余各组给予高脂饲料。干预四周后进行测定。结果显示经磷虾油提取物、红曲提取物和混合提取物干预后,血液TC、TG和LDL-C显著降低,且呈现剂量依赖,说明磷虾油、红曲提取物以及混合提取物有辅助降血脂功能。磷虾油低剂量组、红曲高剂量组、混合物高剂量组和辛伐他丁药物组大鼠血清ALT和AST含量较模型组显著降低,其中混合物高剂量组（166.67+200.00 mg/kg）效果最佳,TC由4.14 mmol/L下降到3.37 mmol/L,TG由2.77 mmol/L下降到1.51 mmol/L、LDL-C由0.37 mmol/L下降到0.25 mmol/L。因此磷虾油和红曲提取物混合物降血脂效果优于单一组分,可用于辅助降血脂产品的应用。     

不同类型烟草焦油致突变性的研究

通过对五种不同类型烟草焦油致突变性的研究表明，（１）对于烟草焦油来说，其致突变成分在引起鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复突变方面是以移码型为主，且需要微粒体酶的激活，属于间接致突变物质。（２）不同类型间，焦油致突变性差异极显著，依次为烤烟〉晒黄烟≥晒红烟≥香料烟〉白肋烟。     

芫荽子挥发油化学成分和致突变性研究

对芫荽子经水蒸汽蒸馏所得挥发油，采用ＳＥ－５４石英毛细管柱分离，经气相色谱－质谱－电子计算机联用技术（ＧＣ－ＭＳ－ＤＳ）分析，从４１个峰中检出２９种成分，占９８．９％。利用Ａｍｅｓ标准菌株ＴＡ９８加与不加Ｓ９代谢系统对芫荽子挥发油进行了体外致突变性检测，未发现芫荽子挥发油有致突变性。     

Mutagenicity and Acute Toxicity Evaluation of 2-Dodecylcyclobutanone

ABSTRACT: Mutagenicity and acute toxicity of 2-dodecylcyclobutanone (2-DCB), a unique radiolytic product, were evaluated. Mutagenicity was evaluated by the Ames assay using 5 standard Salmonella tester strains with S9 enzyme activation and 5 concentrations of 2-DCB. Sodium azide (NaN₃), fenaminosulf, and2-aminofluorene (2-AF) served as positive controls. The Ames assay showed no difference between the 5 concentrations of 2-DCB and the controls, including samples incubated with S9. The results indicate that 2-DCB does not produce point or frameshift mutations in Salmonella and is not activated by S9. Acute toxicity of 2-DCB was evaluated by the Microtox acute toxicity system and compared with cyclohexanone and 2-nonenal (both GRAS additives). The effective concentrations that caused a 50% reduction in light emission by Vibrio fischeri cells (EC₅₀) were; 21.72 6 14.57 ppm for 2-DCB, 37.40 6 0.45 ppm for cyclohexanone, and 1.65 6 0.26 ppm for 2-nonenal. The maximum number of cells affected by 2-DCB was 65% 6 4%, while it reached 90% to 100% for the other 2 compounds. Our results suggest that even though the EC₅₀ for 2-DCB is lower than that for cyclohexanone, it was not toxic enough to decrease light emission of V. fischeri beyond 60% to 70%. These results indicate that the potential risk from 2-DCB, if any, is very low.     

玉米胚芽抗氧化肽的急性毒性和致突变性

研究玉米胚芽抗氧化肽在小鼠体内的急性毒性及致突变性,为其开发应用提供安全保障。采用最大耐受量法、小鼠精子畸形实验、骨髓微核实验和Ames实验对玉米胚芽抗氧化肽进行急性毒性和致突变性研究。结果表明：玉米胚芽抗氧化肽对小鼠的急性经口最大耐受剂量（maximum tolerated dose,MTD）大于34 g/kg（以体质量计）;3 项致突变实验结果均为阴性,故玉米胚芽抗氧化肽无急性毒性和致突变性。     

Oral Toxicological Studies of Pueraria Flower Extract: Acute Toxicity Study in Mice and Subchronic Toxicity Study in Rats

Kudzu has been widely used as an herbal medicine in China. The root of the kudzu is also well known as an antipyretic and analgesic in treatment of the common cold, while its flower has been used to treat alcohol intoxication, alcohol abuse, and dysentery. Pueraria flower extract (PFE) is a hot water extract derived from the flower of the kudzu, Pueraria thomsonii Benth. (Fabaceae), oral intake of which exhibits anti‐obesity properties in mice and humans. In this study, we conducted acute and subchronic toxicity studies for an evaluation of safety. In the acute study, PFE (5 g/kg body weight) was orally administered to ddY mice. For 14 d after administration, no deaths or abnormal changes were observed in general signs, body weight (BW), or food consumption, and no abnormal findings were observed in the major organs and tissues of either males or females at necropsy. The oral LD₅₀ of PFE was therefore estimated to be higher than 5 g/kg BW. In the subchronic study, PFE was mixed into the diet in place of powdered CRF‐1 and administered at concentrations of 0% (control), 0.5%, 1.5%, and 5.0% to male and female Sprague–Dawley rats for 90 d. No mortality or toxicological changes were observed during the experimental period. Blood biochemical, hematological, and urinary parameters revealed no toxicologically significant changes. Furthermore, no anatomical or histopathological changes due to PFE were observed. The no‐observed adverse‐effect‐level of PFE was thus estimated to be 5.0% in the diet (male: 3.0 g/kg BW/d; female: 3.5 g/kg BW/d).     

芦蒿总黄酮提取物的急性毒性及遗传毒性

目的：研究芦蒿总黄酮提取物的安全性。方法：采用急性毒性实验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核实验、小鼠精子畸形实验、小鼠骨髓染色体畸变实验和Ames试验,观察芦蒿总黄酮提取物的急性毒性和遗传毒性作用。结果：芦蒿总黄酮提取物急性毒性的LD50＞10 g/kg,遗传毒性实验为阴性。结论：在本实验条件下,未观察到芦蒿总黄酮提取物对小鼠有急性毒性及遗传毒性作用。     

杜香熊果酸提取物的急性毒性和遗传毒性研究

目的：研究杜香熊果酸提取物的急性毒性和遗传毒性。方法：采用霍恩氏法小鼠经口急性毒性实验考察杜香熊果酸提取物的急性毒性,采用小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核实验、小鼠骨髓细胞染色体畸变实验考察杜香熊果酸提取物的遗传毒性。结果：霍恩氏法小鼠经口急性毒性实验测得LD50 为9.26g/kg。杜香熊果酸提取物高、中、低剂量组骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核发生率(‰)分别为2、2、1.8,与正常组比无显著差别(p>0.05),与阳性对照组比有显著差别(p<0.05)。杜香熊果酸提取物高、中、低剂量组染色体畸变率(%)分别为1.2、1.2、1.0,与正常组比无显著差别(p>0.05),与阳性对照组比有显著差别(p<0.05)。结论：杜香熊果酸提取物为低毒物质,在小鼠体内未见遗传毒性。     

高色价低桔霉素红曲色素的提取研究

本文主要研究了超临界CO2法对提取红曲色素和提取桔霉素的影响，并以乙醇为溶剂对提取红曲色素的提取条件进行了优化。实验结果显示：超临界CO2提取对红曲色素提取率低，仅为5％左右，但对红曲米中桔霉素的提取率很高，达到83％以上，因此可先以超临界CO2法提出红曲米中桔霉素，再用乙醇法提取红曲色素，便可得到高色价极低桔霉素的优质红曲红色素。     

Toxicity Study of Ethanolic Extract of Chrysanthemum morifolium in Rats

Abstract: Chrysanthemum morifolium extract (CME) has many pharmacological effects, and the effective components of CME are luteolin and apigenin which have been reported with cytotoxicity in vitro. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of CME in Sprague–Dawley (S–D) rats. In the acute toxicity study, a single oral dose of 15 g/kg body weight (bw) CME was administered to rats, then the rats were observed for 14 d. No treatment-related death was observed, and the maximal tolerance dose estimated was greater than 15 g/kg bw in rats. In the long-term toxicity study, the rats were administered daily by gavage at dose levels of 320, 640, and 1280 mg/kg bw/d for consecutive 26 wk followed by 4 wk recovery period. The results showed that no toxicological changes in body weight, food, and water consumption, hematologic examination, blood biochemical examination, organ weight, and microscopic histopathologic examination were found in any treatment group. Therefore, CME is considered to be safe in general in rats at the limited dose level.     

红曲霉菌的研究进展

该文重点阐述了3个问题红曲固态培养技术、液态培养技术及利用基因工程技术改造红曲霉菌种,提高功能性红曲中莫纳可林K及降低红曲产品中桔霉素含量.提出了应在红曲行业引入GMP和HACCP的管理体系;并就红曲米工厂的现状提出了一些建议.