Ti-15-3合金冷轧变形过程中的组织演变及力学性能

采用金相显微镜、透射电镜和X射线衍射仪等研究Ti-15-3合金板材在交叉换向轧制过程中的组织演变规律和力学性能变化.结果表明经过5道次换向冷轧、厚度方向总变形量为80%的Ti-15-3合金板中,形成了间隔的纤维带状组织,其内部形成了200nm左右的亚微米级晶粒.纤维组织的形成过程分为3个阶段,第一阶段,在个别晶粒内部形成局部剪切带;第二阶段,拉长带状组织内部平行排列的剪切带相互交叉并逐渐碎化;第三阶段,形成间隔的纤维组织,其内部晶粒为亚微米级.在轧制变形中,经1道次变形后,抗拉强度迅速升高到949MPa,随后抗拉强度最终缓慢增加至1021MPa.固溶态合金以每道次30%的压下量经过5道次换向冷轧并于450℃时效4h后,抗拉强度为1646MPa.     

Ti-15-3钛合金应变速率循环超塑性研究

应变速率循环法是一种新式的超塑性实验方法，即试样在拉伸变形过程中，应变速率的大小按预定规律连续β循环变化，直至试样拉断，从而获得材料超塑性力学性能参数。采用这种方法研究Ti-15V．3Cr-3Sn-3Al（简称Ti-15-3）合金的超塑性。实验用原材料选自区轧制的板材，未经细化处理，晶粒平均尺寸为100μm。结果表明，该合金具有良好的超塑性，在应变速率范围3．2×10^-4～3．2×10^-5／s内，最佳变形温度为900℃，伸长率为621％。超塑性变形的机制是晶界滑动为主，晶内变形和位错蠕变起协调作用。     

Ti-15-3钛合金橡皮成形凸弯边起皱预测

基于ABAQUS／Explicit对Ti-15-3钛合金室温锥杯成形实验中悬空侧壁起皱现象进行分析,通过对零件边缘的皱纹波长和峰高的定量研究,获取较适合Ti-15-3钛合金室温成形侧壁起皱的模拟参数。将Ti-15—3钛合金室温锥杯成形起皱获取的模拟参数,用于Ti-15-3钛合金凸弯边橡皮成形起皱的预测,通过定量比较凸弯边边缘的皱纹波长和峰高,分析不同硬度的橡皮对Ti-15-3钛合金凸弯边橡皮成形起皱的影响。经实验验证,有限元模拟对Ti-15—3钛合金凸弯边上皱纹的模拟与实验结果有很好的一致性。     

The influence of oxygen and carbon-content on aging of Ti-15-3

Optical microscopy, analytical transmission microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and hardness tests have been carried out on quenched samples of Ti-15wt.%V-3wt.%Cr-3wt.%Al-3wt.%Sn containing different levels of oxygen and carbon that were aged at temperatures between 400 and 600 °C. The increase of oxygen content and the addition of carbon (C) increase the kinetics and the magnitude of age hardening. The addition of C greatly reduces the coarse grain boundary precipitation of α. Room temperature deformation has been shown to override compositional differences, and all deformed alloys age harden similarly. The role of oxygen and carbon additions and deformation on aging kinetics are discussed in terms of the factors, such as ω, dislocations, and grain boundary oxygen content that influence α precipitation. This paper was presented at the Beta Titanium Alloys of the 00’s Symposium sponsored by the Titanium Committee of TMS, held during the 2005 TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition, February 13–16, 2005 in San Francisco, CA.     

热变形Ti-15-3合金再结晶晶粒的分形分析

根据分形几何学理论,分析热变形Ti-15-3合金固溶处理后的再结晶组织。分别采用小岛法和盒维数法计算出晶粒的分形维数,并探讨分形维数、晶粒尺寸与变形条件之间的关系。结果表明：再结晶晶粒形态具有自相似性,表现出典型的分形特征;且随着变形程度、变形速率的增加和变形温度的降低,再结晶晶粒尺寸减小,分维增大。分形理论的应用为非规则热变形组织的定量研究提供了一种新的方法。     

Ti-15-3合金反挤成形的热力耦合数值模拟

针对新型亚稳定 β型钛合金———Ti 15 3合金 ,将物理模拟与数值模拟相结合 ,采用 3维热力耦合刚粘塑性有限元模型与 3层向后传播的人工神经网络模型相结合的方法 ,开发了一个相应的有限元数值模拟系统 ,对Ti 15 3合金筒形件的热反挤成形过程进行了数值模拟。模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好 ,说明本文的热力耦合理论分析、流变应力的神经网络预测模型以及所开发的数值模拟系统是可靠的。该模拟结果为建立Ti 15 3合金热反挤成形过程中显微组织预测模型奠定了良好的基础     

Ti-15-3钛合金橡皮成形的摩擦因数(英文)

用网格应变自动测量分析系统测量Ti-15-3钛合金板料刚模胀形试验的极限应变,并进行拟合以获取Ti-15-3钛合金的成形极限图。通过分析刚模胀形、橡皮胀形、液压胀形等试验的"拉拉"区极限应变,可知橡皮胀形的极限应变最大,接近等双拉时的,橡皮硬度对胀形极限应变的影响很小。用平板摩擦试验初步确定Ti-15-3钛合金与刚模间无润滑无变形条件下的摩擦因数。将试验与有限元模拟结合,分别分析Ti-15-3钛合金刚模胀形及橡皮胀形的应变,确定润滑条件下双拉变形时的Ti-15-3板料刚模间的摩擦因数以及Ti-15-3板料橡皮间的摩擦因数。Ti-15-3板料刚模间的摩擦对成形影响很大,而Ti-15-3板料橡皮间的摩擦对成形的影响则很小。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of high strength as—cast Ti—15—3 alloy

The effects of heat treatment and solidification cooling rate on the microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Ti-15-3 alloy prepared by induction skull melting method were investigated.Results show that the microstructure of as-cast Ti-15-3 alloy changes from the features of simplified and larger size of beta grains to finer grain size with increasing solidification cooling rate.After solution treatment and different ageing treatment,alpha phase precipitates in grains interior as well as in grain boundaries.Due to the modification of the precipitate phase,the tensile stength and elongation of the alloy are improved simultaneously.A good combination of the values of 1.406GPa of σb and 4.5% of δ was obtained,which will be satisfied the use of this kind of alloy in critical areas.     

Ti-15-3合金离心铸造过程中溢出临界值分析

分析了金属型离心浇注Ti－15V－3Cr－3Sn－3Al（Ti－15－3）合金铸件过程中浇口杯内压力分布;推导出了离心浇注过程中产生的附加压力项ΔP的表达式以及最大转动角速度ω0max（r／min）与金属液高度H和浇口杯直径D0之间的关系。计算结果表明,离心浇注过程中,作用在铸件上的压力由静态压力和附加压力两部分组成,静态压力由金属液高度决定,而附加压力主要由金属液密度以及旋转角速度来决定。浇口杯高度和直径之间应满足一定的函数关系,其金属液高度为浅口杯高度的一半时较为理想。最大允许旋转角速度值随金属液高度和浇口杯直径的增大而减小。     

离心场下Ti-15-3合金异形铸件成型过程研究

建立了离心铸造法制备Ti-15-3合金异形铸件的充型及凝固过程的数学模型,通过引入两附加项(离心力及柯氏力)将离心力场模型化,采用流函数ψ(x,y)和涡函数ξ (x,y)代替描述方程中的压力项P,建立了数学模型的差分格式.在所建立的数学模型基础上,总结了离心力场下对Ti-15-3合金构件充型和凝固过程的影响规律.结果表明,在离心力场作用下,型腔内的流动由正向流动和反向流动两部分组成,非对称的初始温度分布使得凝固过程中的温度分布始终处于一种非对称状态,从而导致最后凝固区域与型腔中心线发生偏离,使构件内部缺陷具有其特殊性.     

Characterization of the α phase nucleation in a two-phase metastable β titanium alloy

Beta titanium alloys are increasingly the best choice for automotive and aerospace applications due to their high performance-to-density ratio. Among these alloys, the TIMETAL Ti-LCB is already used in the automotive industry because it presents excellent mechanical properties and a lower cost compared with other Ti alloys. The current study deals with the characterization of the nucleation and growth of the α phase in several thermomechanical processes, because the distribution and size of the α phase strongly influence the mechanical properties of the resulting microstructures. Several heat treatments were conducted after either cold rolling or annealing. The resulting microstructures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, or electron backscatter diffraction. It was observed that the morphology and the volume fraction of the α phase are strongly dependent on the holding temperature, on the heating or cooling rate, and on the β grain size. This paper was presented at the Beta Titanium Alloys of the 00’ Symposium sponsored by the Titanium Committee of TMS, held during the 2005 TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition, February 13–16, 2005 in San Francisco, CA.     

Ti-15-3合金热变形固溶显微组织的多重分形研究

以Ti-15-3(Ti-15V-3Cr-3Sn-3Al)合金热变形固溶再结晶显微组织的金相照片作为研究对象,基于Matlab软件平台,自行开发了图像处理及多重分形分析程序,实现了从材料组织结构形貌图像上提取其相应的概率测度和标度指数的功能,并计算了多重分形谱.结果表明,在当前的观测尺度范围内,Ti-15-3合金热变形固溶再结晶显微组织具有多重分形特征.且随着再结晶晶粒尺寸的增大和形变晶粒尺寸的减小,多重分形谱宽△α减小,表明显微组织分布越均匀.另外,在再结晶晶粒尺寸相差不大时,随着再结晶百分数的增大,最大最小概率子集维数的差值△f增加,再结晶晶粒为主导分布,显微组织更为细化均匀.这些研究为材料组织结构的定量表征提供了新的思路.     

添加铜填充层的Ti-15-3钛合金与304不锈钢电子束焊接过程中的温度与应力场(英文)

采用铜填充金属对Ti-15-3钛合金与304不锈钢进行电子束焊接,对Ti/Fe和Ti/Cu/Fe接头在焊接过程中的温度场和应力场进行数值模拟和试验测量。结果表明,高斯旋转体热源适用于电子束焊接过程的模拟。温度场对于焊缝中心呈非对称分布,钛侧的温度高于不锈钢侧的。热应力同样呈非对称分布,残余拉应力主要存在于不锈钢侧。铜填充金属的加入,降低了焊接过程中的峰值温度、温度梯度以及残余应力,纵向和横向残余拉应力分别降低了66MPa和31MPa。从温度场和应力场的角度可以看出,铜合金是一种较好的Ti-15-3钛合金与304不锈钢电子束焊接的填充金属材料。     

热变形参数对Ti-15-3合金显微组织的影响及预测

通过等温压缩试验和金相分析研究了热变形参数对Ti-15-3(Ti-15V-3Cr-3Sn-3Al）合金固溶处理后显微组织的影响，等效晶粒尺寸随变形温度升高而增大，随变形程度和变形速率增加而减小，再结晶程度随变形温度升高而减小，随变形程度和变形速率增加而增大，采用人工神经网络的方法建立了等效晶粒尺寸及再结晶晶粒体积百分数与变形程度，变形速率和变形温度间的数学模型，预测值与实测值吻合较好，表明该方法很好地预测热变形参数对Ti-15-3合金固溶处理后显微组织的影响。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of new metastable β type titanium alloy

A new metastable β type titanium alloy called TB-13 with the combination of excellent strength and ductility was developed successfully.In order to develop a perspective on this new alloy,the influence of several commonly used heat treatments on the microstructure and properties was studied.In solution-treated and quenched samples,a low-temperature aging at 480°C results in the precipitation of finerαphase.The precipitation of coarserαphase plate at higher aging temperature(560°C)leads to the increase of tensile ductility but reduction of strength.During low-temperature aging at 300°C,quite homogeneous distribution of fine isothermalωphase particles was found.The isothermalωphase provides nucleation sites forαphase during two-step aging process and makesαphase extremely fine and disperse uniformly in β matrix.Thus,TB-13 alloy is strengthened and its mechanical properties are improved.     

Skull formation and change during ISM process of Ti-15-3 alloy

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＭｅｔａｓｔａｂｌｅ βｔｉｔａｎｉｕｍａｌｌｏｙｓａｒｅｎｏｗｆｉｎｄｉｎｇｍｏｒｅｅｘｔｅｎｓｉｖｅａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓ ,ｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙｏｗｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅｉｒｇｏｏｄｆｏｒｍｉｎｇ ｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓ.Ｔｉ 1 5Ｖ 3Ｃｒ 3Ａｌ 3Ｓｎ (Ｔｉ 1 5 3 ) ,ａｔｙｐｉｃａｌｍｅｔａｓｔａｂｌｅβｔｉｔａｎｉｕｍａｌｌｏｙ ,ｗａｓｄｅ ｖｅｌｏｐｅｄｔｏａｎｓｗｅｒｔｈｅｎｅｅｄｆｏｒａｔｉｔａｎｉｕｍａｌｌｏｙｓｈｅｅｔｍｅｔａｌｉｎａｅｒｏｓｐａｃｅａｐｐｌｉｃａ…     

应变路线对Ti-6242合金组织与力学性能的影响

对两道次轧制的Ti-6242锻坯板材样品进行双级退火处理,研究了3种轧制应变路线对合金板材力学性能的影响。结果表明,不同应变路线的Ti-6242合金具有相近的晶粒尺寸和维氏硬度,采用单向轧制板材样品的力学性能高于两步交叉轧制和交叉换向轧制样品,抗拉强度和断后伸长率分别可以达到1264 MPa和21%;换向轧制会弱化Ti-6242合金板材的晶粒择优取向,而单向轧制则会强化其()显微织构强度。      

In situ observation on fatigue crack growth in SCS-6/Ti-15-3 composite at elevated temperatures

Direct observation on fatigue crack growth behavior in SiC (SCS-6) fiber-reinforced Ti-15-3 alloy matrix composite subjected to a constant tension–tension loading mode was performed by scanning electron microscope using a single edge-notched specimen in vacuum at room temperature and 550 °C. The fatigue crack growth rate at 550 °C was lower than that at room temperature, and the difference between the fatigue crack growth rates at room temperature and 550 °C increased with increasing fatigue cycles. The crack opening displacement at 550 °C was smaller than that at room temperature when the crack length exceeded a definite value, though the interface friction stress between the fiber and matrix at elevated temperature was much smaller than that at room temperature. The above results were explained qualitatively by a residual stress mechanism at the crack front and the crack closure behavior at crack wake, which could be produced by matrix creep asymmetry in tension and compression at elevated temperature during each fatigue cycle.     

Prediction of flow stress of Ti-15-3 alloy with artificial neural network

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｉ 15 3ａｌｌｏｙｉｓａｎｅｗｍｅｔａｓｔａｂｌｅ β ｔｙｐｅｔｉｔａｎｉ ｕｍｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｚｅｄｂｙｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｄｆｏｒｇｅａｂｉｌｉｔｙａｎｄｃｏｌｄｆｏｒｍａｂｉｌｉｔｙ .Ｉｔｈａｓｂｅｅｎｕｓｅｄｅｘｔｅｎｓｉｖｅｌｙｉｎａｅｒｏｓｐａｃｅｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｉｔｓｈｉｇｈｓｐｅｃｉｆｉｃｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈ(ｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈ ｔｏ ｍａｓｓｒａｔｅ)ｗｈｉｃｈｉｓｍａｉｎｔａｉｎｅｄａｔｅｌｅ ｖａｔｅｄｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅ .Ｉｎｏｒｄｅｒｔ…     

固溶温度对Ti-1300合金时效析出行为与性能的影响

研究了Ti-1300合金固溶处理后低速率升温时效的α相析出行为及力学性能。通过SEM、TEM和拉伸试验等手段对不同固溶温度处理的Ti-1300合金进行显微组织观察和力学性能测试。结果表明:随着固溶温度由820℃降低至790℃,初生α相(αp)的尺寸变化不明显,但是其含量(面积分数)从0.8%增至6.7%;合金经4℃/min升温速率加热到500℃时效4 h,显微组织中析出次生α相(α_s)的长度从0.098μm增加到0.440μm。此外,固溶温度降低使合金的强度与塑性均提高,拉伸断口由沿晶脆性断裂特征转变为韧窝状的韧性断裂特征。820℃固溶处理的试样其抗拉强度为1358 MPa,断后伸长率小于2%,而790℃固溶处理的试样其抗拉强度为1548 MPa,断后伸长率为10.2%,可获得优良的强塑性匹配。分析认为790℃固溶处理组织中初生α相含量较多,其尺寸为微米尺度,同时基体中时效析出的片层α_s相能产生显著的强化效果。