Approach to minish scattering of results for split Hopkinson pressure bar test

Split Hopkinson pressure bar（SHPB） apparatus, usually used for testing behavior of material in median and high strain-rate, is now widely used in the study of rock dynamic constitutive relation, damage evolvement mechanism and energy consumption. However, the possible reasons of sampling disturbance, machining error and so on often lead to the scattering of test results, and bring ultimate difficulty for forming general test conclusion. Based on the stochastic finite element method, the uncertain parameters of specimen density ps, specimen radius Rs, specimen elastic modulus Es and specimen length Ls in the data processing of SHPB test were considered, and the correlation between the parameters and the test results was analyzed. The results show that the specimen radius Rs has direct correlation with the test result, improving the accuracy in preparing and measuring of specimen is an effective way to improve the accuracy of test and minish the scattering of results for SHPB test.     

Relationship between diameter of split Hopkinson pressure bar and minimum loading rate under rock failure

In order to investigate the relationship between bar diameter and loading rate of the split Hopkinson pressure bar（SHPB） setup under the failure of rock specimen and realize the medium strain rate loading of specimen, new SHPB setups with different elastic bar＇s diameters of 22, 36, 50 and 75 mm were constructed. The tests were carried out on these setups at different loading rates, and the specimens had the same diameter of elastic bars and same ratio of length to diameter. The test results show that the larger the elastic bar＇s diameter is, the less the loading rate is needed to cause specimen failure, they show good power relationship, and that under the same strain rate loading, specimens are broken more seriously with larger diameter SHPB setup than with smaller one.     

High strain rate compressive strength behavior of cemented paste backfill using split Hopkinson pressure bar

The stability of cemented paste backfill(CPB) is threatened by dynamic disturbance, but the conventional low strain rate laboratory pressure test has difficulty achieving this research purpose. Therefore, a split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB) was utilized to investigate the high strain rate compressive behavior of CPB with dynamic loads of 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 MPa. And the failure modes were determined by macro and micro analysis. CPB with different cement-to-tailings ratios, solid mass concentrations, and curing ages was prepared to conduct the SHPB test. The results showed that increasing the cement content, tailings content, and curing age can improve the dynamic compressive strength and elastic modulus. Under an impact load, a higher strain rate can lead to larger increasing times of the dynamic compressive strength when compared with static loading. And the dynamic compressive strength of CPB has an exponential correlation with the strain rate. The macroscopic failure modes indicated that CPB is more seriously damaged under dynamic loading. The local damage was enhanced, and fine cracks were formed in the interior of the CPB. This is because the CPB cannot dissipate the energy of the high strain rate stress wave in a short loading period.     

Testing of High-Strength Zr-Based Bulk Metallic Glass with the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar

The split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB) was used to determine the dynamic compressive strength of the high-strength Zr38Ti17Cu10.5Co12Be22.5 bulk metallic glass at strain rate on the order of 102 s-1.It is shown that at high strain rates beyond about 1 000 s-1,uniform deformation within the metallic glass specimen could not be achieved and dispersion in the transmitted pulse can lead to discrepancies in measuring the dynamic failure strength of the present Zr-based bulk metallic glass.Based on these reasons,a copper insert was placed between the strike bar and the input bar to obtain reliable and consistent experimental data for testing of the Zr38Ti17Cu10.5Co12Be22.5 bulk metallic glass using the SHPB.Negative strain rate sensitivity was found in the present Zr-based bulk metallic glass.     

铝锂合金材料冲击动态特性的实验研究

采用Ｈｏｐｋｉｎｓｏｎ杆技术，对８０９０铝锂合金材料的冲击压缩特性进行了实验研究，并与传统的ＬＹ１２铝合金进行了比较．实验结果表明：不论是在准静态情况还是冲击载荷情况下，在试样变形相同时，８０９０铝锂合金比ＬＹ１２铝合金可承受更高的压应力；并且８０９０铝锂合金对应变率要比ＬＹ１２铝合金敏感．     

用Hopkinson压杆技术测试材料动态断裂韧性的方法研究

对传统的Ｈｏｐｋｉｎｓｏｎ压杆测试系统进行了改进,建立了应力波载荷作用下材料动态断裂韧性的测试方法,该方法采用３点弯曲试样进行动态断裂试验,应用试验－－数值法确定动态应力强度因子的响应曲线,进而测试材料的动态断裂韧性。４０Ｃｒ材料的试验结果表明,本文设计的测试装置是有效的,建立的测试方法是可行的。     

冲击荷载下混凝土损伤裂纹的分形实验

采用分离式Hopkinson压杆实验装置,对混凝土材料在冲击荷载下的动态单轴压应力极限值及裂纹分形维数值进行了研究.依据盒维数计算原理,设计了基于Matlab的数字图像盒维数计算程式,建立了一种数字图像盒维数简易算法.实验结果表明,冲击荷载条件下,混凝土表面裂纹具有很好的分形特性,分维是表征混凝土破坏程度的一个定量参数,并用分形维数对混凝土试块的单轴动态抗压强度极限值和应变率进行定量描述,拟合了试块动态单轴压应力极限值与其对应的分形维数的定量关系.为探索混凝土表面裂纹图形的分形特征与其承受的动荷载之间的内在规律,提供了一条新的研究思路.     

Dynamic mechanical behaviour of ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concretes

Ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concretes （UHPFRC） were prepared by replacing 60% of cement with ultra-fine industrial waste powder. The dynamic mechanical behaviour of UHPFRC with different fiber volume fraction was researched on repeated compressive impact in four kinds of impact modes through split Hopkinson pressure bar （SHPB）. The experimental results show that the peak stress and elastic modulus decrease and the strain rate and peak strain increase gradually with the increasing of impact times. The initial material damage increases and the peak stress of the specimen decreases from the second impact with the increasing of the initial incident wave. Standard strength on repeated impact is defined to compare the ability of resistance against repeated impact among different materials. The rate of reduction of standard strength is decreased by fiber reinforcement under repeated impact. The material damage is reduced and the ability of repeated impact resistance of UHPFRC is improved with the increasing of fiber volume fraction.     

改善Hopkinson压杆的波形分离技术

在阐述一维应力波的理论知识和Hopkinson压杆(split Hopkinson pressure bar, SHPB)系统的工作原理基础之上,采用波形整形器改善加载波形振荡,且在入射杆2个不同位置粘贴应变片来测量应变波形,利用大距离应变片粘贴方法的分离波形技术改善SHPB系统杆长的限制.结果表明,该方法能有效地分离叠加波形,得到完整的入射波和反射波,并且简化了试验的处理过程.同时,采用入射波、反射波和透射波三者之间的关系以及测试的原始波形和分离波形之间的比较来验证,说明了该波形分离技术的合理性及可行性.     

HopkinSOn压杆实验技术的应用研究

对传统的Ｈｏｐｋｉｎｓｏｎ压杆实验装置进行了改进和完善,除了用于材料的动态压缩实验以外,能够进行动态拉伸 等。本文介绍了几种实验方法的基本原理,并给出了实验结果。     

煤矿砂岩SHPB动态压缩力学性能试验与分析

为研究煤矿砂岩冲击载荷作用下的动态力学特性,利用分离式Hopkinson压杆对皖北矿区祁东煤矿的砂岩试件进行冲击压缩试验,得到了试件应变率变化时程曲线和动态应力一应变曲线。试验结果表明：采用3种冲击气压加栽,入射波形均近似为梯形波;试件应变率随冲击气压提高而增大,应变率曲线中有一段近似恒应变率平台,可实现恒应变率加栽;试件动态破坏形态在低应变率下为径向外围剥落式拉伸破坏模式,在高应变率下则为颗粒状粉碎破坏模式。随应变率增加,碎块尺寸减小且碎块数量增加,具有明显的应变率效应;试件动态抗压强度与平均应变率近似乘幂关系,显示出较强的相关性。     

Damage constitutive model of different age concretes under impact load

In order to investigate the mechanical properties and stress-strain curves of concrete at different ages under impact load,the impact compression tests of concrete at age of 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 d were conducted with a large diameter split Hopkinson pressure bar, respectively. Based on statistical damage theory and Weibull distribution, combining the analysis of the change laws of stressstrain curves and viscosity coefficient of concrete with age, a damage constitutive model that can reflect the variation in dynamic mechanical properties with age was proposed. The stress-strain curves calculated from the proposed model are in good agreement with those from experimental data directly.     

剖分环式快开门压力容器的有限元分析

为了研究剖分环式快开门压力容器的应力分布规律,识别其应力集中区域,找到此类压力容器的易破坏区,利用有限元分析软件ANSYS,整体分析计算了内径为560mm的三瓣式剖分环快开门压力容器.为减小计算量,根据该结构轴对称性,建立了三分之一的三维实体模型.根据实际情况限定边界条件为：在容器内施加45MPa内压,对称面上施加对称约束,容器底部施加固定约束.经过非线性分析计算,求出该结构的整体应力分布云图,得到整体结构和剖分环、平盖、筒体的应力集中区域及其应力分布规律.然后,采用分析设计标准JB4732-95对该压力容器各个组件的危险截面分别沿轴向和径向进行了路径评定,评定结果显示所选的结构设计合理,强度符合设计要求,对同类结构的设计制造具有一定的参考价值.     

Constitutive Relation of Yunjialing Anthracite Under Medium Strain Rate

By means of the split Hopkinson pressure bar （SHPB） testing system, this paper presents a dynamic constitu- tive relation of anthracite at a strain rate of ε =5-85s^-1. Generally, the dynamic stress-strain curve for this kind of anthracite under uni-axial compression has the following four stages： a non-linear loading stage, a plastic yielding stage, a strain-strengthening stage and an unloading breakage stage. Correspondingly, the initial elastic modulus Eb, the yielding strength σs and the ultimate strength σb increase along with an increasing strain rate. The time-dependent elasticity was identified when we analyzed the mechanical properties of anthracite. Based on characteristics of measured dynamic stress-strain curves and an analysis of existing rock dynamic constitutive models, as well as a preparatory simulation, a new visco-elastic damage model has been introduced in this paper. A linear spring is put parallel to two Maxwell units with different relaxation times to express two distinct plastic flows. The damage D is equal to [Eb- E（εi）]/Eb, where Eb is the beginning modulus and the E（εi） is the slope of a connected line between the origin point and any other point on a tested stress-strain curve. In the new constitutive model, one Maxwell unit with low relaxation time φ is used to describe the response of anthracite to a low strain rate, while the other, with a high relaxation time φ describes the response of anthracite to a high strain rate. Simulated stress-strain curves from the new model are consistent with the measured curves.     

芳纶层压复合材料靶板的点冲击破坏模式

利用Hopkinson压杆技术研究了层压复合材料靶板的动态点冲击响应行为 ,完整地检测了整个冲击过程 ,考察了冲击力和冲击点速度随时间变化的规律 ,研究了靶板变形与破坏模式。     

动态断裂韧性测试系统的建立

为了在Ｈｏｐｋｉｎｓｏｎ压杆测试样系统上进行材料的动态断裂韧性测试,本文在已有三点弯曲度试动态应力强度因子计算公式基础上编制相应的计算程序,建立了动态断裂韧性测试系统,使得测试工作简单易行,４０Ｃｒ材料的试验结果表明,本文编制的程序是有效的,建立的测试系统能够满足工程应用。     

无铅焊锡材料的动态力学性能

利用分离式霍普金森拉压杆技术分别对63Sn37Pb、96.5Sn3.5Ag以及96.5Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu在600、1200以及2200 s^-1应变率下的拉伸和压缩动态力学性能进行了测量,得到了不同应变率下的应力应变曲线.结果表明:3种材料均具有明显的应变率效应,其中,96.5Sn3.5Ag对应变率较为敏感;在相同应变率下96.5Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu呈现出最大的屈服应力和抗拉强度.给出了2种无铅焊料抗拉强度、失效点应变与应变率之间的拟合关系.     

高温后钢纤维活性粉末混凝土SHPB试验研究

采用改进的分离式Hopkinson压杆装置,结合应变直测技术,分别对常温以及经历400℃和800℃高温的钢纤维活性粉末混凝土(SFRPC)进行了单轴冲击压缩试验,减少了传统的Hopkinson压杆试验中的入射波的高频震荡,使得应变率的波动性明显减小.试验结果表明,经历400℃和800℃后,钢纤维活性粉末混凝土的峰值应力分别将为常温状态的62010和27%,弹性模量降为83%和35. 6%,同时,高温也改变了试件的破坏形态.对活性粉末混凝土冲击过程中的能量吸收性能进行分析,试件在经历高温后,能量吸收能力大幅度下降,400℃和800℃的能量吸收能力分别是常温下的67.4%和42. 6%.     

Dynamic Mechanical Characteristics and Damage Evolution Model of Granite

By using the technique of the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB),impact tests at different stress wavelengths(0.8-2.0 m) and strain rates (20-120 s-1) were conducted to study the dynamic mechanical properties and damage accumulation evolution law of granite.Test results show that the dynamic compressive strength and strain rate of granite have a significantly exponential correlation;the relationship between peak strain and strain rate is approximately linear,and the increase of wavelengths generally makes the level of peak strain uplift.The multiple-impacts test at a low strain rate indicates that at the same wavelength,the cumulative damage of granite shows an exponential increasing form with the increase of strain rate;when keeping the increase of strain rate constant and increasing the stress wavelength,the damage accumulation effect of granite is intensified and still shows an exponential increasing form;under the effect of multiple impacts,the damage development trend of granite is similar overall,but the increase rate is accelerating.Therefore the damage evolution model was established on the basis of the exponential function while the physical meaning of parameters in the model was determined.The model can reflect the effect of the wave parameters and multiple impacts.The validity of the model and the physical meaning of the parameters were verified by the test,which further offer a reference for correlational research and engineering application for the granite.     

影响Hopkinson压杆实验结果因素的数值模拟分析

根据Hopkinson压杆试验装置产生压缩加载脉冲的力学模型,利用ANSYS/LSDYNA有限元显示动力学程序计算得到了试件在加载过程中的应力-应变曲线,并且和输入材料曲线做了比较,讨论了试件的长径比及试件与压杆之间的界面摩擦力对试件内部应力均匀性和对试件材料动态屈服应力的影响.分析结果表明,试件的长径比在0.5~0.6之间、试件与压杆之间的界面摩擦系数为0.15时,对动态屈服应力的结果影响比较小,这一结论对实际的实验操作有一定的指导意义.