反射光谱法测定食品中挥发性盐基氮

采用反射光谱法测定鱼，肉食品中挥发性盐基氮，方法精密度（ＲＳＤ）为２．６％（ｎ＝６）线性范围为１～８μｇ／ｍｌ，检出限为０．５μｇ／ｍｌ，用于猪肉和鱼鲜度检验，并有对鲜鱼做了连续监测，结果满意。     

冻猪肉挥发性盐基氮的测定

冻猪肉测定挥发性盐基氮时,采样部位应以背部或臀部深层肌肉最为合适;样品处理后尽可能在1h内完成测定;指示剂为甲基红溴甲酚绿效果更好;所用电炉为500W为最好。     

氨气敏电极测定食品的挥发性盐基氮

食品中挥发性盐基氮（ＴＶＢＮ）的测定多采用微量或半微量蒸馏法以及微量扩散法，但对大批样品分析来说既费时不便，且重复性和灵敏度较差。本文研究了影响挥发性盐基氮游离速度的各种因素，结果表明，在ｐＨ≥１４的碱性介质中，温度２０～２５℃时电位值稳定应用本法测定鱼肉等食品的ＴＶＢＮ与蒸馏法结果比较，基本一致，平均添加回收率为９９．７％可测定到挥发性盐基氮在样品的最低含量为０．３２５ｍｇ／１００ｇ。     

几种常见的动物源性饲料中挥发性盐基氮的测定

试验采用半微量蒸馏法测定动物源性饲料产品中挥发性盐基氮的含量。对不同动物源性产品采取样品前处理,该方法样品前处理简单,灵敏度高,测试结果结果准确、可靠。     

氨气敏电极测定食品中的挥发性盐基氮

食品中挥发性盐基氮（ＴＶＢＮ）的测定多采用微量或半微量蒸馏法以及微量扩散法，但对大批样品分析来说既费时又不便，且重复性和灵敏度较差。本文研究了影响挥发性盐基氮游离速度的各种因素，结果表明，在ｐＨ≥１４的碱性介质中，温度２０～２５℃时电位值稳定。应用本法测定鱼肉等食品中的ＴＶＢＮ与蒸馏法结果比较，基本一致，平均添加回收率为９９．７％可测定到挥发性盐基氮在样品中的最低含量为０．３２５ｍｇ／１００ｇ。     

挥发性盐基氮蒸馏装置改进的探讨

对凯氏定氮法的蒸馏装置进行了适当的改进，实践证明改进后的装置与原装置相比更加安全、高效、方便、准确。     

肉与肉制品中挥发性盐基氮测定方法的改进

为提高肉与肉制品中挥发性盐基氮测定速度,进行了肉与肉制品中挥发性盐基氮(GB/T5009.44-2003)国家标准测定方法的改进试验:①采用BUCHI-K360型全自动定氮仪测定法替代半微量定氮法;②采用碳酸钾溶液代替氧化镁混悬液作为碱性试剂。通过改进法的重复性试验,回收率试验和两种测定方法的差异显著性试验结果表明,①改进法的方法重复性试验的RSD小于1.0%;②改进法的回收率和加标回收率在98.39%～l00.72%之间。③改进法与标准法测定结果的t值0.319<。该法适合肉与肉制品中挥发性盐基氮的快速测定。     

猪肉中挥发性盐基氮的实验室质量考核研究

挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)是动物性食品由于酶和细菌的作用,蛋白质分解而产生的的氨以及胺类等碱性含氮物质,表明氨基酸被破坏程度。     

应用KDY-9820凯氏定氮仪测定羊肉中挥发性盐基氮

应用KDY-9820凯氏定氮仪测定羊肉中挥发性盐基氮,通过与半微量定氮法对比及精密度实验,结果表明KDY-9820全自动定氮仪能简便、快速、准确地测定肉中的挥发性盐基氮.     

凯式定氮仪测定肉与肉制品的挥发性盐基氮含量

挥发性盐基氮是肉与肉制品新鲜程度的重要指标,通常采用GB/T5009.44-2003国家标准进行测定。为提高挥发性盐基氮含量的测定速度,可采用全自动凯式定氮仪进行测定：凯式定氮法的重复性试验的RSD小于1.0%;凯式定氮法的加标回收率在98%-101%之间;凯式定氮法与国家标准方法测定结果的绝对差值〈10%,符合精密度要求。该方法适合肉与肉制品中挥发性盐基氮含量的快速测定。     

罐装鱼挥发性盐基氮定量测定能力验证结果与分析

目的通过食品分析水平评估计划(food analysis performance assessments cheme,FAPAS)能力验证,提高实验室理化分析检测能力。方法采用国标中半微量定氮法、自动凯氏定氮仪法对鱼罐头中挥发性盐基氮(totalvolatilebasenitrogen,TVB-N)测定进行方法比对,结合FAPAS能力验证报告对检测方法进行评价。结果通过对鱼罐头中挥发性盐基氮的测定, 2种方法的检测数据均能满足实验室质量控制规范,自动凯氏定氮法的精密度、准确度、操作便利性都高于半微量定氮法, FAPAS样品的TVB-N测定结果为32.4 mg/100 g,│Z│值为1.1。结论实验检测能力评价为满意,表明本实验室对食品中TVB-N项目检测能力较好。     

基于近红外技术测定不同鲜肉中挥发性盐基氮含量

目的 应用近红外光谱技术快速检测猪肉、羊肉和牛肉的挥发性盐基氮含量。方法 本实验采集各种肉类的近红外光谱, 运用偏最小二乘法(partial least squares, PLS), 光谱经多种不同预处理方式并通过比较选择最优处理后, 建立挥发性盐基氮含量的近红外校正模型。结果 猪肉选择一阶导、S-G平滑方式, 羊肉选择二阶导、S-G平滑方式, 牛肉选择一阶导、Norris平滑方式。猪肉、羊肉和牛肉的挥发性盐基氮建模集相关系数分别为0.9069、0.9106和0.9587, 方根误差分别为1.12、1.64和2.20。结论 所建立的模型取得了较好的结果, 验证了近红外光谱技术对猪肉、羊肉和牛肉挥发性盐基氮进行定量分析的巨大应用潜力。     

肉品挥发性盐基氮的高光谱无损快速检测

建立利用高光谱成像技术对生鲜猪肉的挥发性盐基氮含量进行快速无损伤检测的方法。方法 利用400~1100 nm光谱范围的高光谱成像系统, 获取猪肉表面的高光谱图像信息, 通过洛伦兹函数对其表面的扩散信息进行拟合, 结合偏最小二乘回归和多元线性回归两种方法, 分别建立预测猪肉TVB-N含量的预测模型。结果 利用洛伦兹三参数组合[abc]结合MLR方法建立预测猪肉TVB-N含量的模型效果优于PLSR模型, 预测相关系数达到0.90, 标准差为4.67。结论 高光谱成像技术可以快速无损伤检测肉品挥发性盐基氮。     

猪肉中挥发性盐基氮含量光谱检测模型的修正方法

目的 研究猪肉新鲜度指标挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)含量检测模型修正方法, 以提高光谱校正模型对不同品种猪肉样品的适用性。方法 建立基于偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)的杜长大猪肉TVB-N模型, 采用光谱信号补正与模型更新两种方法对该模型进行修订, 比较修正后杜长大模型对恩施山猪样本的预测效果。结果 建立的杜长大猪肉样本模型预测决定系数R2p为0.884, 预测标准差RMSEP为1.792, 将此模型用于预测恩施山猪TVB-N值, R2p为0.552, RMSEP为4.733。修正后的杜长大猪肉样本模型预测恩施山猪TVB-N值时, R2p分别提高到0.964和0.943, RMSEP分别降低为1.329和1.885。结论 光谱信号补正和模型更新方法均能有效改善模型预测性能, 提高模型适应性。     

Effects of storage time and chemical preservatives on the total volatile basic nitrogen content in chilean mackerel (Trachurus murphy) prior to fish meal production

Total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) as a measure of protein degradation and total microbial counts or stored raw mackerel (Trachurus murphy), which had been treated with chemical preservatives, were compared with the TVB-N and microbial counts of untreated fish. In unpreserved fish, decomposition of fish protein was rapid. Treatment of mackerel with acetic (1000-5000 μg kg^?1), which was the most effective of the parameters studied, approximately halved the rate of increase in TVB-N compared with the untreated samples. Changes in the total microbial counts presented a similar trend.     

电子鼻技术对猪肉挥发性盐基氮的预测研究

为预测不同肥瘦配比猪肉的新鲜度,对4℃恒温贮藏条件下的新鲜猪肉进行挥发性盐基总氮(Total Volatile Basic Nitrogen,TVB-N)检测和营养成分检测,同时利用电子鼻技术检测挥发性气味的信息。以传感器阵列特征值为自变量建立蛋白质、脂肪的回归预测模型,分别对不同肥瘦配比的猪肉样本建立不分类和分类2种TVB-N神经网络预测模型。结果表明:先分类再建立神经网络模型预测的效果更优,将样本进行二分类建立2个模型后,模型训练组的相关系数达0.994、0.985(p<0.01),预测组的相关系数达到0.984、0.979(p<0.01);模型的绝对误差小而且分布区间集中,训练组和预测组各有86%、62.6%的样本的绝对误差在0~1之间;训练组中没有绝对误差大于2.5的样本,预测组中仅有8.5%的样本绝对误差大于2.5。电子鼻传感器特征信号与TVB-N数据具有很强的相关性,电子鼻可以快速预测出不同肥瘦配比猪肉在贮藏期间TVB-N含量的变化,进而无损的评价猪肉的新鲜度。     

Determination of trimethylamine nitrogen and total volatile basic nitrogen in fresh fish by flow injection analysis

There are many chemical, microbiological and sensory indices of fish quality. Of the chemical indices, TMA-N and TVB-N are probably the most used in connection with remaining shelf-life determination. This paper reports on a study of modifications to a flow injection analysis (FIA) method necessary to make it suitable for TMA-N and TVB-N determination, specifically the optimal concentrations of NaOH and formaldehyde for releasing the volatile bases from the acidic fish extract and sequestering the non-TMA volatile bases respectively. The effects of using perchloric acid (PCA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) as fish extractants were also investigated. The fish species used were monkfish (Lophius piscatorius), skate (Raia clavata) and cod (Gadus morrhua). It was found that 1 M NaOH was the optimal concentration for volatile base release and that 200 g l⁻¹ formaldehyde was adequate for non-TMA base sequestration. Use of PCA and TCA as fish extractants appeared to have no significant effect on TMA-N and TVB-N determinations. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

Modeling total volatile basic nitrogen production as a dose function in gamma irradiated refrigerated squid rings

The behavior of a chemical spoilage index for marine products (total volatile basic nitrogen – TVBN) was modeled as a function of the irradiation dose in Illex argentinus rings stored in refrigeration. The effect of gamma irradiation at 0, 1.8, 3.3 and 5.8 kGy on TVBN was analyzed in vacuum-packed squid rings during storage at 4 ± 1 °C. The modified Gompertz model satisfactorily described TVBN behavior for each irradiation dose (R² > 0.980; RMSE < 5.7). Gompertz model parameters (μ, A, L) were modeled with dose-dependent second order polynomials, for doses ranging between 0 and 5.8 kGy, in order to develop a complete model that is useful for predicting TVBN as a function of the dose in squid rings. Model validation was carried out using independent data of TVBN in squid rings irradiated at 4.8 kGy. The developed model can be used to predict TVBN production in gamma irradiated squid meat.     

Determination of total nitrogen and cyanide nitrogen in cassava

Heating of intact cassava leaves causes liberation of hydrogen cyanide. This phenomenon appears to be caused by β-glucosidase-catalysed decomposition of the cyanogenic glycosides linamarin and lotaustralin. Because of these losses, many previously determined values for total nitrogen in cassava (and other cyanogenic plants) are probably in error as plant materials used for Kjeldahl determinations are often dried at 70–90°C. Liberation of cyanide from intact cassava leaves by heating at 80°C is more complete than liberation by the homogenisation methods commonly used. Homogenisation of cassava leaf tissues with liquid nitrogen or dry ice gives somewhat lower values, and these materials are often not readily available in areas where cassava is studied. The basis of a relatively simple procedure for the isolation of hydrogen cyanide from cassava leaves is suggested.