复合纳米材料修饰电极检测抗坏血酸与亚硝酸根

制备了石墨烯(GO)与碳纳米管(MWNT)复合材料修饰玻碳电极,在浓度为0.1 mol/L、p H为5.5的磷酸缓冲溶液(PBS)中,探讨了抗坏血酸(AA)和亚硝酸根(NO-2)在石墨烯与碳纳米管复合材(GO-MWCNTs)料修饰玻碳电极上的电化学行为。结果表明,抗坏血酸和亚硝酸根在该修饰电极上氧化电流可得到明显增强。利用计时电流法测定抗坏血酸与亚硝酸根,抗坏血酸和亚硝酸根氧化电流呈线性关系的浓度范围分别为3.00×10-6~4.06×10-3mol/L和7.44×10-5~3.28×10-3mol/L。     

聚溴酚蓝/壳聚糖修饰玻碳电极对抗坏血酸的电催化氧化作用

在玻碳电极表面滴涂一层壳聚糖膜,吸附富集聚溴酚蓝介体,使其固定在电极表面,制备了聚溴酚蓝/壳聚糖玻碳修饰电极,研究了抗坏血酸在修饰电极上的电化学行为.实验结果表明,修饰电极对抗坏血酸具有良好的电催化氧化性能,在4.0×10-6-1.0×10-3mol/L范围内,抗坏血酸浓度与其循环伏安扫描峰电流呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.999 3,检测限1.2×10-6mol/L.该法测定药物中抗坏血酸的含量,结果满意.     

多壁碳纳米管/磷钼酸修饰电极对抗坏血酸的电催化作用

制备了GC/MWNTs/PMo12O340-修饰电极,研究了其在硫酸溶液中的电化学行为,采用循环伏安法研究了修饰电极对抗坏血酸的电催化特性。结果表明,该修饰电极在硫酸溶液中的电化学行为是表面控制过程。抗坏血酸的浓度在3×10-3～1×10-2mol/L范围内,催化电流与抗坏血酸的浓度呈现良好的线性关系,该修饰电极具有较好的稳定性。     

基于聚L-精氨酸修饰玻碳电极的抗坏血酸电化学传感器的研究

研究了电化学方法制备聚L-精氨酸修饰电活化玻碳电极(PLA/GCME)即抗坏血酸电化学传感器及抗坏血酸(AA)在该传感器上的电化学行为。结果表明,传感器对AA具有较好的催化作用。AA的氧化峰电流与其浓度在1.0×10-2~1.0×10-5mol/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,检出限为6.71×10-6mol/L。传感器具有良好的重现性和稳定性。该方法用于实际样品的测定,回收率在98.3%~104.1%之间。     

碳纳米管修饰电极对抗坏血酸的电催化性能研究

采用循环伏安法研究了碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极对抗坏血酸的电催化活性。研究表明,碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极对抗坏血酸具有优异的电催化活性,与裸玻碳电极相比,抗坏血酸在该修饰电极上的氧化峰电位负移0.502 V,氧化峰电流增加78%;抗坏血酸浓度在1.0×10-5～0.1 mol/L范围内呈良好线性关系,最低检测限为1.0×10-6 mol/L。     

NiO-MWCNT修饰热解石墨电极的电化学行为研究

采用滴涂法将适量碳纳米管修饰到热解石墨电极上,后电沉积纳米氧化镍得到MWCNT/NiO/PG复合修饰电极。研究了它的电化学行为,并用于抗坏血酸的测定。试验表明,在pH=6的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,抗坏血酸在修饰电极上产生一灵敏的氧化峰。当抗坏血酸的浓度在1.0×10-5～5.0×10-4 mol/L时,氧化峰电流与浓度呈线性关系,线性方程为:I(uA)=-0.4458-0.5922C(mmol/L),相关系数为R=-0.9989。检出限低至5.5×10-7 mol/L。该传感器重现性、稳定性、抗干扰性良好。     

多巴胺在石墨烯/多壁碳纳米管电极上的电化学行为

采用滴涂法在玻碳电极上修饰氧化石墨烯及多壁碳纳米管,通过电化学还原方法制备石墨烯/多壁碳纳米管复合材料及相应修饰电极(ERGO/MWCNTs/GCE)。运用循环伏安法研究多巴胺(DA)在修饰电极上的电化学行为。研究表明:与裸玻碳电极相比,多巴胺在修饰电极上氧化峰与还原峰电位差为70 m V,峰电流显著提高,表明该电极对多巴胺具有较好的催化氧化作用。高浓度抗坏血酸的存在不影响多巴胺的测定。在优化实验条件下,多巴胺在4.8×10~(-7)~1.1×10~(-5)mol/L和1.1×10~(-5)~2.93×10~(-4)mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为8.7×10~(-8)mol/L,RSD为4.3%。     

基于钯纳米线阵列修饰电极的抗坏血酸电化学研究

以氧化铝模板为基础,采用电化学沉积方法制备了钯纳米线阵列修饰金电极。电化学方法研究了该修饰电极对抗坏血酸电化学行为,实验结果表明,抗坏血酸在高度有序的钯纳米线饰电极表面出现显著的氧化峰。氧化峰的峰电流与抗坏血酸的浓度在4.0×10-4~3.15×10-3 mol/L范围内有良好的线性关系,检测限可达1×10-4 mol/L。该电极制备方便,有良好的灵敏度和稳定性。     

Electrochemical determination of serotonin in oral fiquid of fructus hippophae

采用电化学沉积法制备咖啡酸膜修饰电极,研究了5-羟色胺(5-HT)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为.结果表明,高浓度的抗坏血酸(AA)和肾上腺素(EP)共存不干扰5-HT的检测,5-HT在0.41 V和-0.12 V出现一对灵敏的氧化还原峰,其氧化峰电流与浓度在2.0 ×10-6 ～6.0×10-5 mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检测下限为8.0×10-7 mol/L.该修饰电极制备简单,可准确检测神兴沙棘欣之安口服液中5-HT的含量.     

柠檬酸/多壁碳纳米管修饰电极电化学检测多巴胺和抗坏血酸

通过柠檬酸与多壁碳纳米管复合修饰玻碳电极得到新型电化学传感器,采用循环伏安法研究多巴胺和抗坏血酸电化学行为,并讨论了pH值、缓冲溶液、浓度和扫描速度等对多巴胺和抗坏血酸的影响。结果表明,在pH=6.80的磷酸盐(PBS)缓冲溶液中,修饰电极对多巴胺和抗坏血酸均有良好的电催化作用。多巴胺和抗坏血酸峰电流在浓度分别为1.00×10~(-6)~5.00×10~(-3)和1.00×10~(-4)~5.00×10~(-2) mol/L的范围内呈现良好的线性关系。柠檬酸/多壁碳纳米管(CA/MWNT)电极易制备,可望用于盐酸多巴胺注射液和维生素C药片的测定。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。