甲壳质纤维研究进展

甲壳质及其衍生物具有独特的无毒、抗菌、良好的生物相容性、良好的可吸收性以及抗炎、不过敏、能促进伤口愈合等优异的生物特性,在医学以及其他领域得到了广泛的关注和应用。而甲壳质类纤维也因此被用于医用纤维纸、敷料、止血棉等。文章综述了甲壳质类纤维的发展概况。     

性能特异的甲壳质和脱乙酰甲壳质纤维

多少年来，虾壳和蟹壳等一类甲壳质一直是人们美食一餐后不屑一顾的废弃物。可是如今，高科技使甲壳质有了用武之地：甲壳质及用以制取的脱乙酰甲壳质正在废水处理、纺织印染、造纸、农业、化妆品和医学等各个领域中大展鸿图。而甲壳质和脱乙酰甲壳质纤维的问世，更使人们不能不对这昔日的废弃物刮目相看。实际上，甲壳质纤维早在19用年就已问世。有个名叫Ku-nike的人破天荒第一个从冷浓硫酸中将含量为6％～10％的甲壳质溶液纺成纤维，纤维的强度为2．5cN／dtex。之后，又有人将在冷浓盐酸中的甲壳质溶液挤压制成纤维，从甲壳质黄原酸盐制…     

甲壳质和二丁酰甲壳质纤维

甲壳质是普遍存在于自然界的具有优异的生物活性的天然多糖。由于氢键多和结晶度高,所以它不溶于常用的溶剂。这种性质强烈地限制了甲壳质的许多实际应用。甲壳质的化学改性改进了甲壳质衍生物的溶解度。因而,目前已了解到几种比甲壳质本身溶解度更好的衍生物。 ——溶于几种有机酸的稀水溶液的带有不同脱乙酰程度的甲壳质;     

甲壳质及甲壳质纤维降解性能的研究

介绍了甲壳质的结构、生物合成、甲壳质及甲壳质纤维在医疗保健方面的产品开发和应用以及甲壳质及甲壳质纤维的降解性能。阐述了甲壳素／壳聚糖水解酶的研究现状和新进展。     

甲壳质纤维的应用及检验

甲壳质纤维是近几年人们开发的一种新的纤维品种,在此,我们对它的用途及检验方法进行探讨。1.甲壳质纤维的应用甲壳质广泛存在于虾、蟹和昆虫的外壳及菌类、藻类的细胞壁中,是地球上仅次于纤维素而大量存在的天然的多糖类生物高聚物。甲壳质是通过工业提取,从     

甲壳质及其非织造布的应用

甲壳质在自然界资源十分丰富 ,其本身具有诸多的优点 ,是很优良的天然高分子材料。本文介绍了甲壳质的提取、甲壳质纤维的制备及其制成品非织造布的一些应用     

甲壳质非织造医用敷料

介绍了甲壳质的分子结构,甲壳质纤维的生产,医用敷料和甲壳质非织造医用敷料的性能要求和生产方法。     

甲壳质在医用纤维中的性能研究

甲壳质作为抗菌纱布促进伤口愈合有很重要的医用价值。本文从其结构特性、溶解特性及与纤维素的附着力等方面进行研究，以推进甲壳质的进一步开发和利用。     

医用甲壳质与壳聚糖纤维的开发现状及前景

甲壳质是从虾、蟹及昆虫的外壳中提炼出来的一种天然生物高聚物。壳聚糖由甲壳质经脱乙酰基而得。本文介绍了甲壳质、壳聚糖纤维及其伤口敷料的研究历史及发展趋势。文中扼要描述了甲壳质、壳聚糖及其纤维的结构性质、制备方法和伤口敷料、薄膜的生产方法、用途及应用。     

医用甲壳质水刺非织造布的研究与开发

用甲壳质纤维生产医用材料是近年来国际上开发出来的一种具有生体适应性的新型材料,它的开发与应用引起了世界各国的瞩目。本文概述了用甲壳质生产纤维以及采用水刺法工艺制造甲壳质纤维非织造布的工艺过程,并对甲壳质水刺法非织造布的特性及用途作了简要介绍。     

纺织新材料及染整加工特性(上)

介绍近年来国内外开发的纺织新材料：新型天然纤维、再生纤维素纤维、再生蛋白质纤维、新型和功能性合成纤维等的基本特性;并对部分纺织新材料,如聚乳酸纤维（PLA）、竹纤维、大豆蛋白纤维和聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯（PTT）纤维的前处理、染色、热定形、后整理等关键技术作了综述分析。     

Evaluating the surface characteristics of fibres by compression method

During the recent years, there have been significant developments in methods and philosophies of fibre testing. While it is possible to measure the most of the properties of fibres, there are no standard test techniques for assessing the surface properties of fibres. This research aimed at establishing a technique, which can be routinely used to determine the frictional characteristics of textile fibres. The intention was to assess the frictional characteristics from measurements carried out on fibre ‘bundles’ rather than individual fibres since this should lead to information that is more meaningful in the prediction of processing performance and quality. The technique adapted is based on a sensitive compression test. Developing a technique for assessing the stick-slip characteristics of fibres can be used by cotton suppliers and spinners to provide data that can be used to optimise bale selection and to indicate fibres that may present processing difficulties. This will result in possible improvements in yarn and fabric quality at relatively low cost of fibre testing.     

Effects of fibre parameters on the ultraviolet protection of fibre assemblies

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation protection is becoming increasingly necessary for human health, and textiles play an important role. The interaction between UV light and textiles is a complex one, involving fibre, yarn and fabric parameters. In this study, an optical model is presented for examining the influences of fibre parameters on the UV protection offered by a bundle of fibres with a given mass. The effects of mean fibre diameter and fibre type on UV absorption were examined. The model was verified with results of UV–visible diffuse reflectance measurements on natural and synthetic fibres. When the mass of fibres was kept constant, within the measurement range in this study, a bundle of fibres with coarser fibres had a lower UV reflectance than that with finer ones. The model accurately predicted factors influencing UV protection, including fibre diameter, fibre transmittance, porosity and refractive index.     

Influence of yarn extension on longitudinal structural characteristics of fibres

A detailed study on the effect of progressive yarn extension on longitudinal structural characteristics of fibres has been reported in the present paper. An image processing-based system to characterise and visualise the configuration of fibres in yarn under extended mode has been adopted. A detailed study has been reported on the changes in longitudinal structural characteristics of fibres, such as fibre extent, fibre strain, straightening and slippage of fibres, fibre-pair-overlap length (FPO) and fibre-overlap index (FPI), during axial extension of ring-spun yarn. The actual length of fibre and the fibre extent in the yarn were found to be increased with the increase in yarn extension. With yarn extension from 0 to 4% the fibre strain in the yarn becomes moderate and further increase in yarn extension from 4 to 8% the fibre strain reduces, but with further increase in yarn extension of 8–12% the fibre strain again increases. It has also been observed that the fibre straightening percentage at different intervals of yarn extension is not the same and it decreases with the increase in yarn extension. The fibre slippage percentage is also not the same at different intervals of yarn extension percentage. It is found to be maximum at 4–8% and minimum at 0–4% yarn extension.     

海藻酸/明胶共混纤维的制备与应用

海藻酸/明胶共混纤维具有较高的生理活性、优良的物理性能、良好的止血性和高吸湿率,用于伤口敷料.主要论述了海藻酸/明胶共混纤维的成纤机理、纺丝工艺过程和它作为伤口敷料的应用.     

防辐射纤维及其织物的发展前景

文章介绍电磁波辐射的危害、防护原理以及几种防电磁辐射纤维：金属镀层纤维、金属纤维及碳纤维、涂覆金属盐纤维、复合型高分子电磁屏蔽纤维和r射线防护纤维,及织物的研究现状与发展趋势。指出具有屏蔽电磁辐射功能的纤维及材料具有广阔的应用前景。     

Variation in the softness and fibre curvature of cashmere,alpaca, mohair and other rare animal fibres

Softness of apparel textiles is a major attribute sought by consumers. There is surprisingly little objective information on the softness properties of rare animal fibres, particularly cashmere, alpaca and mohair. Samples of these and other rare animal fibres from different origins of production and processors were objectively measured for fibre diameter, fibre curvature (FC, crimp) and resistance to compression (softness). While there were curvilinear responses of resistance to compression to FC and to mean fibre diameter, FC accounted for much more of the variance in resistance to compression. Fibre type was an important determinant of resistance to compression. The softest fibres were alpaca, mohair and cashgora and all of the fibres measured were softer than most Merino wool. Quivet, llama, camel, guanaco, vicuña, yak wool, bison wool, dehaired cow down and Angora rabbit were also differentiated from alpaca, mohair and cashmere. There were important differences in the softness and FC of cashmere from different origins with cashmere from newer origins of production (Australia, New Zealand and USA) having lower resistance to compression than cashmere from traditional sources of China and Iran. Cashmere from different origins was differentiated on the basis of resistance to compression, FC and fibre diameter. Cashgora was differentiated from cashmere by having a lower FC and lower resistance to compression. There were minority effects of colour and fibre diameter variation on resistance to compression of cashmere. The implications of these findings for the identification and use of softer raw materials are discussed.     

高性能纤维可编织性的研究

介绍了国内外对高性能纤维尤其是玻璃纤维的可编织性研究进展，分析了高性能纤维尤其是玻璃纤维针织成圈工艺难点，并从纱线性能和编织工艺方面提出了改进高性能纤维可编织性的方法。     

Rapid fibre diameter measurement in aqueous solutions with OFDA 2000

In this paper, a new technique has been developed to enable fibre diameters to be measured in an aqueous environment using the OFDA 2000 instrument. The existing OFDA instrument has only been used to measure diameters of animal fibres under dry conditions. This new technique was utilised to assess the effects of pH and temperature on the diameters of merino wool fibres in aqueous environments. Significant changes in fibre diameter under aqueous conditions were found as a function of pH and temperature. Wool fibre diameters were at a minimum close to the wool isoelectric point (pH 4.8) and increased at both lower and higher pHs. Swelling of merino wool fibres was observed to increase linearly by around 15% as the temperature rose from ambient to 70°C.     

无机物微粉与新型纤维的研究与开发

论述了有关无机物微粉的物理化学性质方面的研究成果，讨论了无机物微粉在新型纤维研制与开发中的作用。