系列改性膨润土处理含铜废水的应用研究

以新疆哈密拉伊格来克膨润土为原料,制备了羟基锰铝无机改性、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDS)和十八烷基三甲基氯化铵(1831)复合改性的阴-阳离子有机改性膨润土,比较了膨润土原土,改性膨润土处理含铜废水的性能,研究了改性膨润土的加入量、pH、吸附时间等因素对改性膨润土吸附实验的影响。结果表明,改性膨润土对废水的处理效果明显好于原土,改性膨润土在投加量为15g/L、pH为7、吸附时间30min、Cu2+质量浓度为40mg/L时,羟基锰铝无机改性膨润土对Cu2+去除率达到90%,阴-阳离子改性膨润土对Cu2+去除率达到93%。     

膨润土的改性及其对水体中Zn2+的净化作用

用十六烷基三甲基氯化铵对钠基膨润土进行了改性,研究了土样用量、吸附时间、溶液pH值对Zn2 吸附的影响,对比研究了无机膨润土和有机改性膨润土吸附Zn2 的结果.结果表明:无机膨润土和有机改性膨润土均能较好地吸附Zn2 ,且有机改性膨润土吸附的能力更强;溶液pH值对无机膨润土和有机改性膨润土吸附Zn2 的影响不同.     

改性膨润土处理含磷废水的研究

采用氢氧化钠改性膨润土,利用改性膨润土处理磷废水。膨润土改性实验结果表明,其最佳工艺条件为:改性温度为30℃、改性时间为70 min、改性剂浓度为4 mol/L。改性膨润土处理含磷废水实验结果表明,其最佳工艺条件为:吸附温度为35℃、吸附时间为60 min、改性膨润土用量为2. 0 g。在此条件下可使50 m L含磷废水中磷的浓度由10mg/L降到0. 5 mg/L,磷去除率达95%。     

壳聚糖改性膨润土处理氨氮废水的实验研究

研究壳聚糖改性膨润土的制备方法及处理氨氮废水的工艺条件,提高膨润土处理氨氮废水的效果。以钠基膨润土为原料,壳聚糖为改性剂,制备壳聚糖改性膨润土。用改性膨润土处理氨氮废水,考察改性剂添加量、搅拌速度及p H值等因素氨氮去除率的影响。p H值为10时,氨氮去除率为68.55%;搅拌速率为300 r/min时,氨氮去除率为61.42%。结果表明壳聚糖改性膨润土处理氨氮废水的最优条件为:壳聚糖0.1 g,钠基膨润土10 g,壳聚糖改性膨润土适宜投加量4 g,搅拌时间30 min,搅拌速度300 r/min,p H值为10。     

膨润土吸附处理含苯酚废水的研究

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为改性剂,对钠基膨润土进行活化改性,考察了改性膨润土加入量、吸附时间以及pH值等因素对改性膨润土去除化工含酚废水的影响.结果表明, 改性膨润土对含酚废水有较好的去除效果,在25 ℃,当改性膨润土用量为70 g/L,吸附时间为60 min,pH值为6～8时酚的去除率可达 79.5%,有机膨润土对含酚废水的等温吸附曲线符合 Freundlich方程.     

改性膨润土处理低浓度甲醛废水的研究

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为改性剂,对钠基膨润土进行活化改性,考察了改性膨润土加入量、吸附时间、吸附温度以及pH值等因素对改性膨润土去除低浓度甲醛模拟废水的影响.结果表明,有机改性膨润土对甲醛模拟废水有较好的去除效果,当改性膨润土用量为4g· (100mL)-1,吸附温度为30℃,吸附时间为30min,pH值为中性时,甲醛...     

改性膨润土吸附处理含六价铬废水的研究

用阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)对钙基膨润土进行活化改性,并用制备的改性膨润土对含Cr(VI)模拟废水进行吸附实验,研究了改性膨润土去除模拟水样中重金属离子Cr(VI)的适宜条件.结果表明,用质量分数为5%的CTMAB溶液改性后的膨润土去除Cr(VI)效果较好,当改性膨润土用量为10g·L-1,搅拌时间30min,pH值为3～5时,有机膨润土对Cr(VI)废水的去除率超过85%.     

微波强化改性膨润土对活性染料废水的脱色研究

研究了以微波强化FeCl3对钙基膨润土改性的方法.探讨了改性膨润土对活性艳蓝X-BR染料废水的去除效果,并确定了微波改性膨润土的制备条件及投加量、溶液pH、接触时间等对脱色性能的影响.实验结果表明,当微波功率为480 W、辐照时间8 min、染料废水溶液pH=6.0、接触时间30 min、改性膨润土投加质量为0.5 g...     

膨润土改性的研究进展

介绍了膨润土的结构与基本性质,重点介绍了膨润土的活化、有机改性、无机改性,及无机/有机复合改性方法,并指出目前膨润土在环境应用中存在的问题及应用前景.     

钙基膨润土改性制备钠基膨润土

以10%Na2CO3溶液作为改性剂将钙基膨润土改性成钠基膨润土,探讨了改性剂用量和不同搅拌时间下各自的阳离子交换容量,结果表明,10%Na2CO3溶液的投加量为4%、搅拌时间为20 min时,阳离子交换容量是各改性土样中最大的;经过改性的钠基膨润土比未经改性的原钙基膨润土阳离子交换容量大。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。