EGFP-PDGFRβ融合基因表达载体的构建及其转染COS-7细胞条件的优化

目的构建EGFP-PDGFRβ融合基因表达载体,并优化PEI介导基因转染COS-7细胞的条件。方法PCR扩增EGFP和PDGFRβ基因,依次连接至pcDNA3.1(+)质粒中,构建融合基因表达载体H-E-P-pcDNA3.1(+),经PEI介导转染COS-7细胞,并对转染条件进行优化。结果融合基因表达载体经酶切及测序证明构建正确。经PEI介导转染COS-7细胞的最佳条件为:DNA浓度2μg/ml,N/P比值15.5,在无血清条件下转染。此条件适用于滚瓶培养细胞的转染。结论已成功构建了EGFP-PDGFRβ融合基因表达载体,并优化了经PEI介导转染COS-7细胞的条件。     

日本血吸虫核酸疫苗质粒适宜宿主菌的筛选及其发酵条件的优化

目的筛选二价日本血吸虫核酸疫苗质粒的适宜宿主菌,并对其发酵条件进行优化。方法通过综合考察细胞干重、质粒DNA产量及工程菌传代的质粒稳定性等参数,确定适宜宿主菌及其相适应的发酵培养基碳源、氮源和磷酸盐类型;进一步通过中心组合设计响应面试验,优化发酵培养基,并对优化的发酵培养基进行实验验证。结果确定适宜宿主菌为E.coliDH5α,优化的发酵培养基(m/v)为:NaCl1.0%,Yeast Extract1.0%,磷酸盐0.3%[其中m(K2HPO4)∶m(KH2PO4)=1∶4],甘油1.68%,牛肉汁2.28%,豆饼汁4.21%。在此发酵条件下,菌体干重由原来的1.57mg/ml增长至5.68mg/ml,质粒DNA产量由原来的3.94μg/ml增长至36.52μg/ml。结论已筛选出日本血吸虫核酸疫苗质粒适宜宿主菌,并优化了其发酵条件,明显提高了质粒DNA产量,具有大规模发酵生产应用价值。     

Lipofectamine~(TM)2000转染Neuro-2a细胞实验条件的优化

目的优化LipofectamineTM2000介导外源基因转染Neuro-2a(N-2a)细胞的条件,以提高转染效率。方法将携带增强型绿色荧光蛋白(Enhanced green fluorescent protein,EGFP)的真核表达载体pEGFP-N1在LipofectamineTM2000介导下转染N-2a细胞,对转染时间、细胞融合度、质粒质量与脂质体体积比例及培养基pH值进行优化,荧光显微镜观察EGFP的表达,并计算转染效率。结果在细胞融合度达80%,质粒质量与脂质体体积比为1∶3的条件下转染48 h,EGFP的阳性率最高(P<0.05);培养基pH值为8.0左右时,EGFP的阳性率较高,且细胞凋亡率较低。结论优化了LipofectamineTM2000转染N-2a细胞的条件,提高了转染效率,为外源基因高效转染N-2a细胞奠定了基础。     

UL27基因shRNA表达载体对293细胞转染效率的优化

旨在优化Lipofectamine2000试剂介导UL27基因重组质粒p GPU6/GFP/Neo-UL27shRNA转染HEK293细胞的条件,为研究UL27基因重组质粒对HSV-2的干扰作用奠定基础。用Lipofectamine2000试剂介导p GPU6/GFP/Neo-UL27shRNA重组质粒转染293细胞,采用流式细胞仪检测不同的转染时间下的转染效率,同时荧光显微镜和流式细胞仪检测不同比例条件下的转染效率,MTT法检测细胞的存活率。在质粒与转染试剂复合物的配比为0.8μg∶2μL,转染48 h,转染效率最高并且对细胞毒性最小。优化p GPU6/GFP/Neo-UL27shRNA转染293细胞的条件,提高了转染效率。     

运用DOE法优化表达抗人类表皮生长因子受体2单克隆抗体细胞用培养基

目的运用实验设计(design of experiments,DOE)方法优化表达抗人类表皮生长因子受体2(human epidermal growth factor receptor 2,HER2)单克隆抗体细胞用培养基,以提高抗体表达量。方法利用Minitab软件进行DOE,考察不同基础培养基、补料培养基对工程细胞株(CHO-DG44)的细胞密度和抗HER2单克隆抗体表达的影响。结果经过DOE方法优化,在最优培养基组合中工程细胞株的最高活细胞密度(peak viable cell density,PVCD)达296×105个/ml,抗体表达量最高达2.07 g/L,比DOE优化之前最高试验组表达量(1.20 g/L)提高了72%,所表达抗体的质量与原研对照品非常一致。结论得到1组较优的基础培养基与补料培养基配比与组合,该培养基组合提高了细胞密度与抗体表达量,且其适合抗HER2单克隆抗体生产使用,表明DOE是一种短期快速提高抗体表达行之有效的方法。     

HBsAg缺失型乙型肝炎病毒复制细胞模型的建立及其对乙型肝炎病毒复制的影响

目的体外构建HBsAg缺失型乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)复制细胞模型,并探讨HBsAg对HBV复制的影响。方法定点突变pch9质粒上HBV 1.1倍体基因S蛋白表达区,构建HBV1.1倍体HBsAg突变质粒,并进行测序鉴定;将鉴定正确的突变质粒瞬时转染HepG2细胞,设未突变pch9质粒转染细胞作为对照,采用ELISA法检测转染72 h的细胞培养上清中HBsAg的表达;Southern blot及Real-time PCR法检测转染72 h的细胞内HBV DNA的复制水平。结果定点突变质粒经测序证实构建正确;突变质粒转染72 h的细胞培养上清中HBsAg A450值为(0.06±0.003),表达呈阴性,对照细胞A450值为(1.82±0.010),表达呈阳性,转染突变质粒72 h的细胞内HBV DNA条带浓度明显高于转染未突变质粒的细胞;转染突变质粒的细胞内HBV DNA绝对拷贝数分别为9.33×106、5.26×106,约为转染未突变质粒(6.91×105)的7.6～13.5倍。结论已成功构建了HBsAg缺失型HBV复制细胞模型,为HBV DNA复制及相关研究提供了实验依据;推测HBsAg是HBV DNA形成的自限性因素,能够负调控HBVDNA复制。     

CHO DG44细胞电转染条件的优化

目的优化CHO DG44细胞的电转染条件,提高细胞的转染效率。方法采用电转染的方法将p EGFP-1质粒转入CHO DG44细胞内,利用L9(33)正交试验设计,对质粒量、电压和电容3因素进行优化,流式细胞仪检测不同条件下的绿色荧光蛋白(green fluorescent protein,GFP)阳性率和GFP的平均荧光强度,台盼蓝染色对细胞进行计数,了解细胞生长情况。结果 3个因素中,电压对转染效率影响最大,其次为电容,质粒浓度影响最小。质粒量8μg、电压300 V、电容900μF为最佳电转染条件。结论优化了CHO DG44细胞的电转染条件,为外源基因转染CHO DG44细胞表达重组蛋白提供了基础数据。     

RNA聚合酶Ⅱ转录的ALU序列对HEK293细胞凋亡的影响

目的探讨RNA聚合酶Ⅱ转录的ALU序列对人胚肾293(HEK293)细胞凋亡的影响以及干扰素(IFN)在此机制中的作用。方法取对数生长期的HEK293细胞,分为6组,ALU-293组(瞬时转染重组质粒pcDNA3.1-ALU)、pcDNA3.1-293组[瞬时转染空质粒pcDNA3.1(-),作为阴性对照]、Poly I∶C-293组[瞬时转染dsRNA的多聚肌苷胞苷酸(Poly I∶C),作为阳性对照]、IFNβ-293组(加入1.65×104 U IFNβ,作为阳性对照)、空白对照组(未经处理的HEK293细胞)和HBs-293组(瞬时转染重组质粒pcDNA3.1-HBs),转染后48 h,采用MTT法检测细胞的增殖活性;Cellular DNA Fragmentation ELISA和DNA Ladder法检测细胞的凋亡情况;Real-time PCR检测细胞中IFNβ基因mRNA的水平。结果瞬时转染重组质粒pcDNA3.1-ALU能够抑制HEK293细胞增殖,并促使其凋亡,且细胞中IFNβmRNA的水平显著上调。结论 RNA聚合酶Ⅱ转录的ALU序列能够通过激活干扰素系统来诱导细胞凋亡。     

人巨细胞病毒糖蛋白gB基因重组腺病毒载体的构建及包装

目的构建携带有人巨细胞病毒(HCMV)糖蛋白gB基因的重组腺病毒载体,并在HEK293细胞中进行包装。方法将gB基因克隆至穿梭质粒Track-CMV,构建重组质粒Track-CMV/gB,亚克隆至转移载体pAD-Easy-1,构建重组质粒pAD-Easy-1/gB,将该重组骨架质粒转染HEK293细胞,利用HEK293细胞产生重组腺病毒。空斑法及PCR法挑选重组病毒,荧光显微镜观察标志蛋白(绿色荧光蛋白)的表达,利用噬斑法检测病毒滴度。结果重组腺病毒载体经酶切鉴定证明构建正确,转染重组腺病毒载体的HEK293细胞经PCR扩增,可见约700bp的目的基因片段,荧光显微镜观察可见绿色荧光蛋白表达,空斑试验检测病毒滴度为2×106PFU/ml。结论已成功构建了含有gB基因的重组腺病毒载体,为进一步研制重组腺病毒载体HCMV疫苗提供了条件。     

丙型肝炎病毒全基因重组质粒的构建及其转染细胞系的建立

目的构建丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)全基因重组质粒,并建立其转染细胞系。方法双酶切质粒JFH1,回收HCVDNA,分别与真核表达载体pIRESneo和逆转录病毒载体pLNCX连接,构建重组质粒pIRESneo-HCV和pLNCX-HCV。将重组质粒pIRESneo-HCV转染BHK细胞,pLNCX-HCV转染pA317细胞,通过PCR、间接ELISA和免疫荧光试验鉴定转染细胞。结果重组质粒PCR和酶切鉴定证明构建正确。转染细胞上清经PCR检测均可见目的基因条带;ELISA结果表明,转染细胞冻融上清均可与抗HCV小鼠血清发生强的结合反应;转染细胞均可与抗HCV小鼠血清反应,产生荧光,但荧光不多且斑点不亮。结论已成功构建HCV全基因重组质粒,并建立了可表达HCV蛋白的转染细胞系,为转基因动物模型的建立奠定了基础。     

HCV 2a J6JFH细胞感染模型的建立及初步应用

目的建立能够自主复制的丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)体外细胞感染模型。方法制备HCV2a FL-J6JFH和阴性对照FL-J6JFH(GND)RNA转录体,分别转染Huh-7.5细胞,荧光定量PCR(FQ-PCR)检测细胞内HCV RNA水平,免疫荧光法(IFA)检测细胞内HCV蛋白的表达。以转染细胞上清液感染Na觙ve Huh-7.5细胞,检测HCV感染性病毒颗粒(HCVcc)的产生。将细胞用不同浓度的IFNα处理,观察所建立的细胞感染模型对IFNα的敏感性。结果转染后第5天,FL-J6JFH转染细胞内HCV RNA为1.2×106GE/μg RNA,第9天下降至最低水平,随后上升,于第13天达到最高值6.5×106GE/μg RNA,此后直至第59天,均保持在106GE/μg RNA左右,而FL-J6JFH(GND)转染细胞内HCV RNA则很快消失。FL-J6JFH转染的细胞内始终可以检测到HCV蛋白表达,而对照细胞内均未检测到。从第5天起,各时间点的FL-J6JFH转染细胞均能产生HCVcc。IFNα能够有效抑制HCVcc感染Huh-7.5细胞,并呈剂量依赖性。结论已成功建立了能持续产生HCVcc的HCV2a型体外细胞感染模型,IFNα能抑制FL-J6JFH HCVcc感染细胞中HCV RNA的复制,为研究HCV的结构与功能提供了实验平台。     

Antheraea pernyi Silk Fibroin-Coated PEI/DNA Complexes for Targeted Gene Delivery in HEK 293 and HCT 116 Cells

Polyethylenimine (PEI) has attracted much attention as a DNA condenser, but its toxicity and non-specific targeting limit its potential. To overcome these limitations, Antheraea pernyi silk fibroin (ASF), a natural protein rich in arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid (RGD) peptides that contains negative surface charges in a neutral aqueous solution, was used to coat PEI/DNA complexes to form ASF/PEI/DNA ternary complexes. Coating these complexes with ASF caused fewer surface charges and greater size compared with the PEI/DNA complexes alone. In vitro transfection studies revealed that incorporation of ASF led to greater transfection efficiencies in both HEK (human embryonic kidney) 293 and HCT (human colorectal carcinoma) 116 cells, albeit with less electrostatic binding affinity for the cells. Moreover, the transfection efficiency in the HCT 116 cells was higher than that in the HEK 293 cells under the same conditions, which may be due to the target bonding affinity of the RGD peptides in ASF for integrins on the HCT 116 cell surface. This result indicated that the RGD binding affinity in ASF for integrins can enhance the specific targeting affinity to compensate for the reduction in electrostatic binding between ASF-coated PEI carriers and cells. Cell viability measurements showed higher cell viability after transfection of ASF/PEI/DNA ternary complexes than after transfection of PEI/DNA binary complexes alone. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release studies further confirmed the improvement in the targeting effect of ASF/PEI/DNA ternary complexes to cells. These results suggest that ASF-coated PEI is a preferred transfection reagent and useful for improving both the transfection efficiency and cell viability of PEI-based nonviral vectors.     

Biocleavable Polycationic Micelles as Highly Efficient Gene Delivery Vectors

An amphiphilic disulfide-containing polyamidoamine was synthesized by Michael-type polyaddition reaction of piperazine to equimolar N, N′-bis(acryloyl)cystamine with 90% yield. The polycationic micelles (198 nm, 32.5 mV), prepared from the amphiphilic polyamidoamine by dialysis method, can condense foreign plasmid DNA to form nanosized polycationic micelles/DNA polyelectrolyte complexes with positive charges, which transfected 293T cells with high efficiency. Under optimized conditions, the transfection efficiencies of polycationic micelles/DNA complexes are comparable to, or even higher than that of commercially available branched PEI (Mw 25 kDa).     

Degradable poly(ester amine) based on poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate and polyethylenimine as a gene carrier

Degradable poly(ester amine) (PEA) based on poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PMEG) and polyethylenimine (PEI) were synthesized by Michael addition reaction. The ratios of PEI to PMEG in PEAs were 0.99, 1.02, and 1.07 with corresponding number‐average molecular weight of 1.3 × 10⁴, 1.2 × 10⁴, and 0.9 × 10⁴, respectively. Degradation rate of PEA at pH 7.4 was higher than that at pH 5.6. Good plasmid condensation and protection ability was shown when N/P molar ratio of PEA to DNA was above 15 (N: nitrogen element in PEA, P: phosphate in DNA). PEA/DNA complexes had positive zeta potential, narrow size distribution, good dispersity, and spheric shape with size below 250 nm when N/P ratio was above 30, suggestion of their endocytosis potential. Compared with PEI 25 KDa, the PEAs showed essential nontoxic to HeLa, HepG2 and 293T cells. With an increase in the molecular weight of PMEG, the transfection efficiency of PEAs in HeLa, HepG2 and 293T showed a tendency to decrease as well as the percent decrease of gene transfection efficiency with serum. The mechanism of PEA‐mediated gene transfection was attributed to “proton sponge effect” of PEI in the PEA. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

鳗弧菌Vibro anguillarum MVM425sh高效电转化条件的优化

目的建立高效的鳗弧菌电转化系统。方法分别从感受态细胞制备的洗涤缓冲液与浓度、复苏培养基、二级细胞收获时间、电转化的电压与脉冲时间等方面,对鳗弧菌的电转化条件进行优化。结果获得的鳗弧菌最佳转化条件为二级培养3h左右收获细胞,用272mmol/L蔗糖洗涤缓冲液制备电转化细胞,在2.0kV3ms的脉冲条件下,pUC18的转化率达106个转化子/μgDNA。结论采用优化的电转化方法,可获得较高的转化率,为鳗弧菌中的常规遗传操作奠定了良好的基础。     

Relating chemical and biological diversity space: a tunable system for efficient gene transfection

Polyethyleneimine (PEI), a well-established nonviral transfection reagent, was combinatorially modified with varying proportions of methyl, benzyl, and n-dodecyl groups to create a library of 435 derivatized polymers. Screening of this library for transfection, DNA binding, and toxicity allows systematic correlation of the biological properties of our polymers to their derivatizations. Combinations of derivatizations bring about a 100-fold variation in transfection efficiency between library members. The best PEI derivatives exhibit increases in transfection efficiency of more than 80-fold over unmodified PEI (up to 28+/-7 % of cells transfected) and rival commercial reagents such as Lipofectamine 2000 (21+/-10 %) and JetPEI (32+/-5.0 %). In addition, we can identify compounds that are specifically tuned for efficient transfection in CHO-K1 over Ishikawa cells and vice versa, demonstrating that the approach can lead to cell-type selectivity of at least one order of magnitude. This work demonstrates that multivalent derivatization of a polymeric framework can create functional diversity substantially greater than the structural diversity of the derivatization building blocks and suggests an approach to a better understanding of the molecular underpinnings of transfection as well as their exploitation.     

Dendritic polyamines: simple access to new materials with defined treelike structures for application in nonviral gene delivery

Polycationic dendrimers are interesting nonviral vectors for in vitro DNA delivery. We describe a simple approach to the synthesis of dendritic polyamines with different molecular weights and adjustable flexibility (degrees of branching; DB). Both parameters influence the transfection efficiency and the cell toxicity of the polymer. Functionalization of hyperbranched polyethylenimine (PEI) by a two-step procedure generated fully branched pseudodendrimers (analogues of polypropylenimine (PPI) and polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers). The DNA transfection efficiencies observed for these polymers depended on the cell line investigated. The highest efficiencies were observed for polymers whose unfunctionalized PEI cores had molecular weights in the range M(w)=6000-25 000 g mol(-1). The cytotoxicity of the dendrimers generally rises with increasing core size. The data collected for NIH/3T3 and COS-7 cells indicate a maximum transfection efficiency at around 60 % branching for the PPI analogues, and at a PEI-core molecular weight of M(w)=25 000 g mol(-1). PAMAM functionalization of PEI (M(w)=5000 and 21 000 g mol(-1)) leads to polymers with little or no cytotoxity in the cell lines investigated.