添加稀土元素对普通工业导电纯铝综合性能影响的研究

本文采用Ｘ射线衍射分析、ＳＥＭ、ＴＥＭ及显微金相组织观察等综合分析手段，主要研究了稀土金属Ｌａ、Ｃｅ及混合稀土ＲＥ添加到普通工业导电纯铝中对其（室温和高温下）导电性能、力学微观铸态组织的影响。探讨了稀土地其中的作用机理，发现加入稀土元素Ｌａ、Ｃｅ后明显细化了纯铝的晶粒及枝晶间距，并使名中有害杂质元素Ｆｅ、Ｓｉ由因溶态转变为析出态，在晶界处以铝稀土和铁硅等的多元金属间化合物相存在，从而改善了铁硅的有     

稀土导电铝合金的铸态组织和相组成

本文利用光学显微镜、透射电镜和X-射线衍射仪等手段研究了工业纯铝添加稀土Ce和La前后铸态组织和相组成的变化,分析讨论了稀土影响导电性能和力学性能的机理。结果表明,稀土加入工业纯铝中将和Si、Fe、Ti等结合形成二元和三元稀土化合物。     

氟碳铈矿热分解行为的研究

采用ＸＲＤ法分析了不同温度下氟碳铈矿焙烧分解产物的组成，探讨了氟碳铈矿的热分解过程。试验结果表明氟碳铈矿的热分解是分步进行的。首先（Ｃｅ，Ｌａ）ＣＯ３Ｆ分解成（Ｃｅ，Ｌａ）ＯＦ；升高焙烧温度，（Ｃｅ，Ｌａ）ＯＦ发生相分解，生成Ｃｅ０．７５Ｎｄ０．２５Ｏ１．８７５和（Ｃｅ，Ｐｒ）Ｌａ２Ｏ３Ｆ３两相；随着焙烧温度的继续升高，（Ｃｅ，Ｐｒ）Ｌａ２Ｏ３Ｆ３可分解为ＬａＦ３、Ｃｅ２Ｏ３、ＰｒＯ１．８３等相。焙烧过程中Ｃｅ３＋、Ｐｒ３＋氧化为四价，没有明显的脱氟行为。     

AlTiCRE合金细化剂对纯铝的细化作用

介绍了在纯铝中分别加入不同量的AlTiCRE合金细化剂，观察其铸态显微组织和测定其相应铸态试样的力学性能。实验结果表明，在纯铝中加入0．3％的该合金细化剂时，其晶粒最为细小均匀；相应地，铸态拉伸试样的力学性能得以提高。本文还讨论了AlTiCRE合金细化剂的细化机理。     

超低碳Cr26－Ni28－Mo5－Cu3－Nb0．35铸造不锈钢的组织和耐蚀性能

用金相、透射电子显微镜、电子探针与扫描电镜分析研究得出，超低碳Ｃｒ２６－Ｎｉ２８－Ｍｏ５－Ｃｕ３－Ｎｂ０．３５不锈钢铸态组织中含有σ相，经８５０～１１２０℃热处理均可形成σ相，包括（Ｆｅ－Ｃｒ）σ相，（Ｆｅ－Ｍｏ）σ相和（Ｃｒ－Ｎｉ－Ｓｉ）σ相；８５０℃左右有Ｍ６Ｃ型碳化物和ＮｂＣ析出。该钢经１１５０℃２ｈ水冷固溶处理后，具有优良的耐腐蚀性能。     

西南稀土矿的矿石性质及分选工艺研究

研究了西南稀土矿的矿石性质及分选工艺．原矿风化强烈，产生大约２０％的黑色风化物矿泥。－矿石中可工业利用的稀土赋存形式有矿物相和胶态相。矿物相稀土以氟碳铈矿为主，占９６％以上，重选或重浮选联合工艺可得到ＲＥＯ３０％，５０％和６０％的氟碳铈矿精矿，稀土回收率６５％。胶态相稀土则吸附在Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ非晶质氧化物矿物上，用热盐酸浸出，氨水除杂，草酸沉淀回收稀土，稀土回收率７４．３％，并副产铅。矿石和黑色风化物中稀土都强烈选择铈族稀土，∑ＣｅＯ２在９０％以上，且ＣｅＯ２＞Ｌａ２Ｏ３＞Ｎｄ２Ｏ３。     

PrFeB铸造合金的结晶组织与磁性

本文主要研究ＰｒＦｅＢ及其加Ｃｕ、Ｎｂ、Ｚｎ四种铸造合金的铸态结晶组织和其磁性，结果表明：ＰｒＦｅＢ系铸造合金中加入Ｃｕ、Ｎｂ、Ｚｎ或提高Ｐｒ含量没有改变这种铸态合金磁性能的磁各向异性，证实了ＰｒＦｅＢ系铸造合金具有的磁各向同性特征与合金的凝固形式和结晶方向无关。     

超低碳Cr26—Ni28—Mo5—Cu3—Nb0.35铸造不锈钢的组织和耐蚀性能

用金相、透射电子显微镜、电子探针与扫描电镜分析研究得出超低碳Ｃｒ２６－Ｎｉ２８－Ｍｏ５－Ｃｕ３－Ｎｂ０．３５不锈钢铸态组织中含有σ相，经８５０￣１１２０℃热处理均可形成σ相，包括（Ｆｅ－Ｃｒ）σ相，（Ｆｅ－Ｍｏ）σ相和（Ｃｒ－Ｎｉ－Ｓｉ）σ相，８５０℃左右有Ｍ６Ｃ型碳化物和ＮｂＣ析出。该钢经１１５０℃２ｈ水冷固溶处理后，具有优良的耐腐蚀性能。     

变质处理对超高锰钢铸态和热处理组织的影响

通过显微组织观察、成分分析和热力学计算，研究了变质处理对超高锰钢铸态和热处理组织的影响。结果表明，变质处理可使铸态组织中的奥氏体晶粒明显细化，晶界碳化物的网状特征消失；使热处理组织中的夹杂物球化，碳化物细化，且分布更加均匀弥散；超高锰钢凝固时的形核次序为ＣａＳ（ＣｅＳ）→ＴｉＣ→Ｆｅ３Ｃ（奥氏体），它们可通过两次匹配异质形核的方式提高形核率，增强变质效果。     

锆微合金化铸态镍铝青铜的组织与性能

通过硬度测试、金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射物相分析(XRD)、均匀腐蚀和电化学腐蚀实验以及微动摩擦实验等分析手段,研究了锆微合金化铸态镍铝青铜的硬度、组织、均匀腐蚀性能、电化学腐蚀性能和摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:与未微合金化铸态镍铝青铜(Cu-8.87Al-5.22Fe-4.48Ni-1.08Mn-0.53Zn)相比,锆微合金化铸态镍铝青铜(Cu-9.92Al-5.24Fe-4.43Ni-1.07 Mn-0.52Zn-0.045Zr)的相组成没有显著变化,都由α相、β相(高温相)和κ相(包括κI,κII,κIII和κIV)组成,但α相、κIII相和κIV相显著细化。锆微合金化铸态镍铝青铜的硬度由HV212.1提高到HV229.3,比未微合金化铸态镍铝青铜高8.1%,晶粒细化且呈弥散分布是硬度提高的主要原因。由于腐蚀优先发生在共析区域(α+κIII相)内,组织细化降低了该区域腐蚀长通道产生的概率,使得锆微合金化铸态镍铝青铜在3.5%NaCl水溶液中的均匀腐蚀速率和电化学腐蚀速率分别降低到0.022954754和0.26193 mm·a-1(分别降低了5.3%和8.45%);硬度提高、组织细化以及位错强化作用使得锆微合金化铸态镍铝青铜的摩擦系数降低到0.022(降低了12.7%)。     

Kinetics of the Formation of Intermetallic Phases in HP-Type Heat-Resistant Alloys at Long-Term High-Temperature Exposure

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - The kinetics of formation and morphology of the intermetallic phases in the structure of heat-resistant as-cast HP40NbTi alloys in the course of long...     

Cavitation erosion of NiAl

Vibratory cavitation erosion tests were carried out on as-cast NiAl intermetallic compounds containing 46.5 to 62.1 at pct Ni. The erosion rate decreased with increasing nickel content by over two orders of magnitude, from a high of 16.4 to 0.11 mg·h⁻¹. These low erosion rates exhibited by the nickel-rich alloys containing 58 and 62.1 at. pct Ni, the interruptions in their mass loss with time, and the unusual effects associated with surface finish and intensity of cavitation were found to be associated with the stress-induced martensitic transformation. Alloys containing 58 to 62 at. pct Ni have the potential for use as materials for the cavitation protection of hydraulic machinery.     

High Temperature Phase Stability and Microstructural Characterization of D9 Stainless Steel-Zirconium Metal Waste Form Alloys

Zirconium present in stainless steel-zirconium metal waste form (MWF) alloys form Ni?CZr and Fe?CZr intermetallic phases which act as a sink for radionuclide and improve resistance to localized corrosion as well as selective radionuclide leaching. The present study looks into the behavior of Zr intermetallics in MWF alloys with the variation of Zr content after heat treatments. Two MWF alloys of D9 SS (Ti modified 15Cr?C15Ni?C2.5Mo stainless steel) with 8.5 and 17?wt% Zr were heat treated at 1,323?K for 2 and 5?h and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The stability of the Zr intermetallic compounds was examined by high temperature XRD. The results from XRD study showed the presence of NiZr, Ni₅Zr, Ni₇Zr₂, FeZr₂, and Fe₃Zr peaks along with fcc Fe based solid solution. The MWF alloy with 17?wt% Zr exhibited ??-ferrite peak in as-cast condition which was not observed after heat treatment. From the SEM micrograph the agglomeration of intermetallic phases was observed after heat treatment and the grain size of the intermetallic phases increased with duration of heat treatment. The high temperature XRD study revealed that all the intermetallic phases were stable up to 1,173?K and above this temperature Ni?CZr intermetallics started disappearing. However Fe?CZr intermetallics were stable till 1,373?K. The paper presents the high temperature phase stability of D9 SS-Zr MWF alloys.     

Effect of manganese on sintering processes in the Ti-Fe system. III. High-temperature x-ray diffraction investigation of the sintering process

Conclusions The temperatures of accelerated formation of intermetallic compounds in the Ti-Fe-Mn system correspond to the temperatures of sharp changes in the direction and rate of the sintering process and also of the appearance of heat evolution peaks. The rate of heating of compacts to sintering temperatures affects the mechanism of formation of intermetallic compounds: At lower rates of heating intermetallic compounds are formed by solid-phase reaction, while at higher rates the role of liquid phase grows. A relation has been established between the composition of the intermetallic compounds forming during sintering and the behavior of specimens during this process at various heating rates. At higher rates of heating of Ti-Fe-Mn compacts Ti-Fe intermetallic compounds are formed containing no Mn; the behavior of these specimens during sintering is similar to that of Ti-Fe compacts (the specimens grow). At lower heating rates intermetallic compounds alloyed with Mn are formed, and growth of specimens is followed by their shrinkage.Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 4(304), pp. 23–28, April, 1988.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of ternary intermetallic compound dispersed P/M Al-Mn-X-Zr (x=Cu,Ni) alloys

Heat-resistant aluminum alloys are generally developed by dispersing stable intermetallic compounds by adding transition metals (TM) whose diffusion coefficient in aluminum alloys is low even at high temperatures. Commonly used intermetallic compounds include Al-TM binary intermetallic compounds, for example, Al₆Fe, Al₃Ti and Al₃Ni. By contrast, multicomponent intermetallic compounds are hardly used. The present study focuses on Al-Mn-Cu and Al-Mn-Ni ternary intermetallic compounds, and by finely dispersing these intermetallic compounds, attempts to develop heat-resistant alloys. Through the atomization method, Al-(4.96–5.96)Mn-(6.82–7.53)Cu-0.4Zr and Al-(5.48–8.76)Mn-(2.23–4.32)Ni-0.4Zr (in mass%) powders were fabricated, and by degassing these powders at 773 K, intermetallic compounds were precipitated. These powders were then solidified into extrudates by hot extrusion at 773 K. The microstructural characterization of powders and exrudates was carried out by XRD analysis, SEM/EDX and TEM. The mechanical properties of extrudates were determined at room temperature, 523 K and 573 K. In Al-Mn-Cu alloys, while a small amount of Al₂Cu was crystallized, precipitated Al₂₀Mn₃Cu₂ intermetallic compounds were mainly dispersed. In Al-Mn-Ni alloys, while a small amount of Al₆Mn intermetallic compounds was precipitated, the precipitated A₆₀Mn₁₁Ni₄ intermetallic compounds were mainly dispersed. Both ternary intermetallic compounds were about 200 nm in size. The compounds were elliptical, and their longitudinal direction was oriented along the extrusion direction. In the Al-Mn-Cu alloys, since the work hardening at room temperature was high, the tensile strength became 569 MPa. At elevated temperatures, since hardly any work hardening was observed, the tensile strength decreased markedly. However, in Al-Mn-Ni alloys, since the work hardening is low even at room temperature, the roomtemperature strength is not high. Thus, the decrease in tensile strength at elevated temperatures is relatively small and a high strength was obtained at 523 K and 573 K: 276 MPa and 207 MPa, respectively.     

金属间化合物的机械合金化制备

综述了机械合金化制备金属间化合物的研究进展，指出了机械合金化技术在金属问化合物制备方面的优势。简述了机械合金化形成金属问化合物的机理，重点介绍了平衡相金属间化合物、弥散强化金属问化合物、过饱和金属问化合物，非晶合金、纳米晶材料等几类机械合金化金属间化合物的制备与组织性能。并针对目前研究的不足以及该研究领域的发展方向提出了加强MA过程热力学和动力学的基础理论研究、改良MA工艺等建议．     

Effects of substitution of Nd in a sand-cast Mg-2.5Nd-0.6Zn-0.5Zr alloy with x wt.% Sm(x=2.5, 4, and 6)

The microstructures and mechanical properties of a series of sand-cast Mg-Sm-Zn-Zr alloys under ascast, solution-treated and peak-aged states were thoroughly investigated. The OM, XRD, SEM and HRTEM were employed to characterize the microstructural evolution. The results indicate that substitution Nd in the conventional Mg-2.5 Nd-0.6 Zn-0.5 Zr alloy with different contents of Sm has comparative grain refinement effect and will fully change the dominant intermetallic phase. In addition, the substituted alloys perform clearly higher strength with comparative ductility at both as-cast and peakaged conditions and much greater aging hardening response than the referential alloy. It is obvious that the strength increments of this alloy are attributed to the changes of the eutectic intermetallic particles on grain boundaries.     

Analysis of multicomponent aluminum-based alloys with a high volume fraction of three-phase eutectics

Fragments of the Al-Zn-Mg + (Ni, Fe, Mn, Cr) phase diagrams are analyzed using both experimental techniques and calculation with the ThermoCalc software package. The structures of ternary eutectics are analyzed in the as-cast and annealed states. Alloy compositions with a high content of disperse eutectics forming at a moderate cooling rate are found. The intermetallic phases in eutectics are shown to be fragmented and spheroidized during homogenizing annealing before quenching.     

Au/Sn界面互扩散特征

从扩散机制、扩散动力学、热力学以及相结构等方面,总结了室温范围内Au/Sn互扩散的主要特点。给出了Au/Sn互扩散中生成的AuSn,AuSn2,AuSn4等金属间化合物的主要性质。详细总结了不同Sn含量的Au/Sn扩散中,初始态、中间态和最终态的金属间化合物的形成次序、形貌、分布、演化等特征。采用热力学方法定量计算了不足量的Au或Sn的条件下Au/Sn扩散中各中间相的生成吉布斯自由能,较好地解释了中间相的演化规律。给出了Au/Sn扩散的扩散数据,以及主要中间相的生长特点,介绍了Kirkendall效应导致的相关效应。     

Effect of Sn on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-base dendrite/ultrafine-structured multicomponent alloys

Ti_57−x Cu₁₅Ni₁₄Sn_4+x Nb₁₀ (x = 0, 5, or 10) alloys were prepared by copper mold casting. At Sn = 4 at. pct, a dendrite/ultrafine-structured multicomponent alloy was obtained, which exhibits 1271 MPa yield strength, 77 GPa Young’s modulus, and 2 pct plasticity at room temperature for 3-mm-diameter samples. The cooling rate significantly affects the as-cast microstructure and the mechanical properties. For 5-mm-diameter samples, the alloy exhibits 1226 MPa yield strength, 63 GPa Young’s modulus, and 2.5 pct plasticity. At Sn = 9 at. pct, Ti-, Sn-, and Nb-rich particles precipitate primarily. This near-hypereutectic alloy composition leads to the precipitation of intermetallics, which deteriorate the mechanical properties and result in the coexistence of ductile and brittle fracture mechanisms. At Sn = 14 at. pct, the alloy composition is completely in the intermetallic region, thus inducing the formation of Ti₂Cu, Ti₂Ni, and Ti₃Sn intermetallics. The alloy becomes very brittle because the intermetallic compounds dominate the fracture process.