江西南丰古竹村的祠堂建筑特征 #

祠堂是中国传统建筑的一个重要类型。本文以古竹村的祠堂建筑为研究对象,结合古竹村文化背景,通过实地调研,对祠堂的背景、选址、平面以及空间特征进行研究,把握传统祠堂建筑的形制特征,为祠堂建筑的保护和发展提供参考和基础。     

“无为”＆“有为”——惠山祠堂建筑群布局特色及营建思想初探

惠山祠堂建筑群是无锡地区特有的建筑文化。本文从建筑与环境关系的角度探讨惠山祠堂群建筑中如何因地制宜、因势利导地结合当地独特的自然地理条件，在“有为”的营造过程中．追求自然“无为”效果，取得建筑和环境的和谐统一。我们应向传统建筑学习．让建筑和城市可持续的协调发展。     

中山祠堂的格局与样式探析

以中山的祠堂建筑为考察对象,在对219座祠堂进行田野调查的基础上,探讨了现存祠堂的布局形制、头门立面样式的类型特点及其形成的原因,总结归纳了祠堂的地域性特征,以期从建筑及其历史文化的角度认识中山地区的祠堂建筑。     

浦东近代祠堂建筑的传统与新统

祠堂是在中国传统社会中具有极为重要意义的一种建筑类型,在传统社会中具有维护社会稳定关系的重要社会职能.因此祠堂作为一种建筑类型具有超级稳定的特点.然而这种稳定的建筑类型在近代外来文化的冲击下也发生了一定的改变.该文对浦东区6座近代祠堂进行案例研究,通过对这种变化的描述与分析,理清祠堂建筑中表发生变化的部分与发生了变化部...     

浙江传统祠堂戏场建筑研究

明清和民国时期,宗族在祠堂中除了对祖先呈献一般的祭品外,往往还供奉演剧。所以,祠堂中常常建有戏场。浙江现存的传统祠堂戏场建筑就数以百计。祠堂戏场一般呈庭院式,戏台为其表演空间,正对中厅,两侧有看楼或厢廊。这些戏场建筑空间合理,装饰精美,有很高的历史、科学和艺术价值,是中华民族宝贵的建筑遗产。该文在实地调查的基础上,重点分析和研究浙江祠堂戏场建筑的文化背景、总体情况、建筑形式、典型实例、空间特征、艺术成就等。     

徽州宗族祠堂浅析

在徽州地区,祠堂是一个重要的建筑类型,至今仍保留很多遗存。在徽州游历不可避免地会遇见祠堂,因此我们必须了解祠堂。本文所陈述的是祠堂中的最重要类型——宗族祠堂。文中概述了祠堂的起源以及宗族祠堂与徽州宗族的关系,并重点分析了几种类型的宗族祠堂之间的异同,使人们对徽州宗族祠堂有一个总体而清晰的认知。     

宗族环境下恭都杨氏祠堂建筑探析

清晰完整的杨氏宗族结构是恭都北山村发展的纽带,杨氏宗祠作为北山村落格局的主导,深刻地体现着宗族对北山村建筑的影响。北山村现存杨氏祠堂十座,文章通过对比广府祠堂的一般特征,对杨氏十祠堂的营造年代、建筑形制、建筑装饰、建筑工艺等进行探析,研究宗族村落环境对杨氏祠堂渐变式的影响。     

南粤祠堂建筑特色浅析——以广东省中山市二祠堂为例

本文在对南粤地区多处祠堂建筑进行调研的基础上,以广东省中山市南镇陈氏宗祠和南区功建铁城梁公祠为例,从建筑空间与装饰两方面分析了南粤地区祠堂建筑的普遍特征,进而探讨了祠堂建筑所蕴含的文化价值。     

中山祠堂梁架的调查与研究

以中山地区祠堂的梁架为考察对象,在对200多座祠堂进行田野调查的基础上,探讨了祠堂梁架的类型及在建筑中的使用情况、不同部位的梁架特点,以及梁架与祠堂形制之间的关系,分析其背后的历史原因,以期从建筑及历史文化的角度认识中山地区的祠堂和梁架。     

以无锡惠山祠堂群为例谈祠堂建筑文化及保护

无锡惠山祠堂群以其整体祠堂群历史最悠久、保存最好、祠堂数量最多、祠堂类型最完整等特点,近年来逐渐引起了国内外关注。依据文化景观的理论解读无锡惠山祠堂群的建筑文化价值与景观价值,并对祠堂建筑的遗产保护与景观规划提出合理化建议。     

自动喷水灭火系统洒水喷头响应时间预测方法研究

洒水喷头启动时间,直接关系到初起火灾能否被及时有效扑灭或将其控制在一定规模,本文通过洒水喷头响应时间预测方法的研究以及开发不同火灾状况下洒水喷头响应时间预测软件,其成果为性能化防火设计开展疏散开始时间预测以及火灾规模预测提供了技术手段;同时应用此软件可开展感温探测器的响应时间预测研究。     

Uncovering temporal underpinnings of project management standards

The modern experience of time is one of increasing time pressure, acceleration and scarcity. Project management goes hand in hand with those phenomena, as time management and deadlines are put at the forefront of this discipline. The importance of time in project management invites inquiries into how it is defined. This article proposes to uncover the way time is conceived in two project management bodies of knowledge. Based on content analysis, this research shows that both standards draw on a quantitative and objective conception of time and evoke acceleration and time scarcity. This article reveals that project management standards reflect and at the same time contribute to those temporal phenomena of acceleration and time scarcity. As such, by identifying how time is commonly conceived in important sources of knowledge on project management, this study enriches our understanding of the current temporal experience marked by time pressure.     

火灾条件下混凝土箱梁梁端预应力衰变规律

针对火灾下混凝土梁桥截面损伤所导致的梁端预应力损失问题,研究了火灾高温传导模式和热传导混合边界条件,设定了预应力混凝土箱梁的火灾场景,给出了混凝土高温强度与刚度的衰减模型和烧损层计算方法;采用热力耦合计算方法和子模型分析方法计算了不同火灾场景中混凝土箱梁梁端区域钢束预应力时程变化曲线;通过工程实例分析了混凝土箱梁梁端截面不同钢束预应力的时变状态,揭示了火灾条件下混凝土箱梁梁端预应力衰变规律;通过曲线的最优与最差拟合及比较分析,提出了混凝土箱梁梁端预应力衰变计算公式。结果表明:处于箱梁梁端腹板上部的钢束预应力变化趋势受梁底部火灾面积的影响,梁底部受火面积较小时,随延火时间的增加逐渐增大,增加趋势平缓,梁底部受火面积增大时,随延火时间的增加平缓衰减;处于箱梁梁端腹板中部的钢束预应力随延火时间的增加始终呈减小趋势,处于腹板下部的钢束预应力随延火时间的增加下降幅度较大,延火至120 min时梁端钢束预应力的衰减终值介于常温下初值的94％~96％;提出的混凝土箱梁梁端预应力衰变计算公式简洁,可为类似预应力混凝土箱梁端部结构的抗火设计提供基础数据。     

精细管理,合理优化铁路客站建设工期

以用科学换时间,用空间换时间的工作思路,认真贯彻"六位一体",坚持"四化"建设,合理优化铁路客站建设工期。确保客运专线在开通之时,现代化的铁路客站能够同时运营。服务出行旅客,让人民群众满意。     

性能化评估在消防工程中的应用

对太原恒源大厦工程用性能化评估的方法 ,计算主楼梯间入口处烟气下降到 1.8m的时间大于按照最不利情况计算所得的人员疏散时间 ,得出了主楼梯间入口处设置分两步降落的防火卷帘是可行的。     

堆载预压下下卧层的沉降量研究

主要分析堆载预压过程中下卧层沉降的两种情况：1）不同的固结度下对应的下卧层沉降量,分析不同测点在同一时刻下下卧层沉降在总沉降量的多少;2）在不同时刻下卧层沉降随时间的变化规律及占总沉降量的比例,并得出了一些具有指导意义的结论。     

Transport Time Lag Effect on Smoke Flow Characteristics in Long-Narrow Spaces

This paper focuses on the smoke transport lag time at the early stage of fires in long-narrow spaces, which is defined as the time from fire onset to the time when smoke reaches a given position on the ceiling. For a heat detector at a specific location on the ceiling, the smoke transport lag time is a part of the response time of the heat detector. Especially when the heat release rate is relatively small at the early stage of fires, the smoke transport lag time will be very long, which will hence lead to the increase of heat detector response time. It is clear that the prediction of smoke transport lag time is critical to the activation time of the heat detector. However, previous studies have much focused on fire characteristics in long-narrow spaces, leaving very few on the transport time lag. Therefore, in this study, a theoretical model regarding smoke transport time lag was developed for both steady and time-dependent fires based on the weak-plume theory. This model was validated by a series of reduced-scale experiments. It can be concluded from comparison that the predictions of this model agree reasonably well with the corresponding experimental results. Using the proposed method, the dimensionless equations of smoke transport time lag, velocity and temperature considering the smoke lag effect in a long-narrow space for time-squared fires were also theoretically deduced. Additionally, to further determine the applicability of ‘Quasi-steady’ state assumption for time-squared fires, a calculation method regarding the critical time was also developed. The outcomes from this study will be beneficial to the development of fire detection model in long-narrow spaces.     

时间的建筑：慕尼黑宝马汽车集团的项目楼

在宝马汽车项目楼里，时间因素最为重要。时间是连接我们所有人的中心因素。我们互相交谈是因为我们同时处在同一房间里。我们必须为人们的聚会创造空间。建筑需要包涵时间维度。在我们当今的知识社会里，时间是途径，而不是空间。知识不再局限于一定的空间。知识随处可见。通过时间的同步．人们必须亲自聚集在同一地点，进行面对面的交流。     

市政道路施工管理存在问题及解决对策

在我国快速稳定高质量发展的同时,也需要我们更多的来关注发展中的问题。本文对现在市政道路施工中存在的问题进行了一些探讨,同时就这些问题提出了解决的对策,希望市政道路施工建设在未来能够发展地更好。     

Network-Wide Optimal Scheduling of Transit Systems Using Genetic Algorithms

The primary objective of any transit system is to provide a better level of service to its passengers. One of the good measures of level of service is the waiting time of passengers during their journey. The waiting time consists of an initial waiting time (the time a passenger waits to board a vehicle at his or her point of origin) and a transfer time (the time a passenger waits at a transfer station while transferring from one vehicle to another). An efficient schedule minimizes the overall transfer time (TT) of passengers transferring between different routes as well as the initial waiting time (IWT) of the passengers waiting to board the vehicle at their point of origin. This paper uses genetic algorithm (GA)—a search and optimization procedure—to find optimal/near-optimal schedules of vehicles in a transit network. The main advantage of using GA is that the transit network scheduling problem can be reformulated in a manner that is computationally more efficient than the original problem. Further, the coding aspect of GA inherently takes care of most of the constraints associated with the scheduling problem. Results from a number of test problems show that GAs are able to find optimal/near-optimal schedules with minimal computational resources.