COMPOSITIONAL ANALYSIS OF NORTH SEA OILS

ABSTRACT

The molar fluid composition of either the reservoir fluid or the well stream is determined by combining the true boiling point (TBP’) distillation data with gas chromatographic (GC) analysis of the light ends. For the purpose of thermodynamic simulation of phase behavior of petroleum reservoir fluids, in addition to the compositional data, physical properties of the pseudo fractions, i.e. density and molecular weight are required. A major drawback of the TBP distillation is the fact that the fractions contain typically 20 -30 % of the material outside the defined boiling range. Another significant issue is the use of generalized density and molecular weight data in the absence of experimentally determined values. This can introduce major inaccuracies in the phase behavior calculations because the generalized value of density and molecular weight significantly differ in each oil based on the paraffin-naphthene-aromatic distribution and its geographic origin.

In this work we have performed the true TBP distillation of 7 stabilized North Sea oil samples. All the oils were distilled from carbon number 6 to 19 and the distillation was terminated at C₂₀₊, which was termed as the residue. We have performed analysis of the Cm fraction of each oil by gas chromatography. Subsequently, the specific gravity and molecular weights of the TBP fractions were determined and compared with the generalized values, which indicated major differences. In addition, the superiority of the PVT calculations for a volatile oil and a gas condensate using the experimentally determined specific gravity and molecular weight of the pseudo fractions against the generalized properties is also demonstrated.     

COMPARISON OF KUWAITI CRUDE OILS, COMPOSITIONAL ANALYSIS USING GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY TECHNIQUES

High resolution capillary gas chromatography studies, were performed to compare and group oils from three different Kuwaiti wells completed in the same structural sand. These groupings contributed to the identification of the nature, origin and maturity of the crudes under study. Analysing the fingerprint gas chromatograms of the three Kuwaiti crude oils, it was found that the crudes are from a carbonate rock source origin. The chromatographic fingerprints showed that two of these crudes are almost identical in composition and belong to the same reservoir, while the other crude is different in its composition reservoir source.     

COMPARISON OF KUWAITI CRUDE OILS,COMPOSITIONAL ANALYSIS USING GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY TECHNIQUES

Abstract

High resolution capillary gas chromatography studies, were performed to compare and group oils from three different Kuwaiti wells completed in the same structural sand. These groupings contributed to the identification of the nature, origin and maturity of the crudes under study. Analysing the fingerprint gas chromatograms of the three Kuwaiti crude oils, it was found that the crudes are from a carbonate rock source origin. The chromatographic fingerprints showed that two of these crudes are almost identical in composition and belong to the same reservoir, while the other crude is different in its composition reservoir source.     

我国若干重质原油的组成及地化特征

本文采用多种分离鉴定手段,研究新疆、辽河、胜利、大港,江汉等油田的重r油,从分析结果得知:蓝质原油中的沥青质比常规原油高1~4倍,饱和烃从16.5%~64.24%,新疆克-乌地区重质油饱和烃丰富,渤海湾次之,江汉最低,根据饱和烃中的甾烷,萜烷特征,看出两种典型的重油,一是新疆风浅2井的生物降解型,一是辽河高753井的低演化型.重质油普遍含卟啉化合物其含量从痕迹到211.35ppm DPEP/ETIO从0.96~4.65.从胶质的红外光谱可将重质油分为三类,新疆克-乌地区C=O最大吸收位于1730cm^-1与1275cm^-1的醚键共轭,出现了1275, 1120,1070cm^-1强吸收,胜利大港重质油胶质C=O位于1690cm^-1,江汉青盐油田重质油胶质C=O位于1650cm^-1,重质油灰分富含金属元素,江汉盆地的22个原油灰分的分析,只在重质油中才发现Ge,其它元素也比常规油高出1~20倍,重质油也具有常规油的主要特征,即Ni含高最,钒含量低,V/Ni比值比国外海相原油低几十到几百倍.     

COMPOSITIONAL ANALYSIS OF A VACUUM RESIDUE

ABSTRACT

A sample of vacuum residue (VR) was evaluated for its physical and chemical properties. The VR was separated into sixteen fractions according to molecular size distribution on preparative gel permeation chromatography (GPC) columns. Elemental analysis including heteroatoms (N, S) and metal (Ni, V) was carried out on fractions 1 through 9. Molecular weight distribution and number average molecular weight (M¯n) were obtained by analytical GPC for fractions 1 through 11. Forty percent of the VR contains high molecular weight materials (i.e., materials with molecular weights ranging from 1170 to 3920) and 64.3% total vanadium, 62.5% total nickel, 34.1% total sulphur, and 41.6% total nitrogen.     

SEDIMENTOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF JURASSIC NORTH SEA DEPOSITS FROM DELTAIC ENVIRONMENTS

Core samples from Well 33/9-3, Norwegian North Sea, have been analysed sedimentologically, palynologically and micro-paleontologically. The cores cover the Toarcian Drake Member of the Dunlin Formation, and nearly the whole thickness of the Middle Jurassic Brent Formation.
The Drake Member is characterized by pro-deltaic depositional conditions. In the Brent Formation, five members are recognized (from below): the Broom, Rannoch and Etive Members represent distributary mouth bar facies; while the Ness and Tarbert Members are recognized as interdistributary bay fill sequences.
The composition of the kerogen assemblages is controlled by the changing energy regimes of the different depositional facies. Terrestrial plant débris are dominant throughout the studied interval. Marine palynomorphs are present in the Drake Member and in the lower part of the Broom Member. The development of rich, arenaceous foraminiferal assemblages in the Drake Member are interpreted as a response to shallow, pro-deltaic conditions. Calcareous foraminifera constitute only a small, accessorial part of these assemblages.     

COMPOSITIONAL ANALYSIS OF PETROLEUM WAXES BY ZEOLITE MOLECULAR SIEVE-GCMS

To investigate the composition of petroleum waxes, studies were carried out on the extraction of normal paraffins from petroleum waxes by zeolite molecular sieve type 5A. Time required for adsorption of different molecular weight n-paraffins from standard mixture and petroleum waxes has been ascertained. Un-adsorbed part of the waxes has been investigated by GC-MS technique. Recovery of adsorbed hydrocarbon from molecular sieve was done by supercritical fluid extraction.     

COMPOSITIONAL ANALYSIS OF PETROLEUM WAXES BY ZEOLITE MOLECULAR SIEVE-GCMS

ABSTRACT

To investigate the composition of petroleum waxes, studies were carried out on the extraction of normal paraffins from petroleum waxes by zeolite molecular sieve type 5A. Time required for adsorption of different molecular weight n-paraffins from standard mixture and petroleum waxes has been ascertained. Un-adsorbed part of the waxes has been investigated by GC-MS technique. Recovery of adsorbed hydrocarbon from molecular sieve was done by supercritical fluid extraction.     

我国原油组成的特点

世界各地石油性质千差万别,主要是由于其中烃类及含硫、氮及金属等的衍生物的结构与比例有差异所致。因此石油组成是决定石油各馏分性质最本质最基础的因素。本文归纳了我国石油组成的特点,希望能对我国炼油工艺及产品性质有所参考。为了更好地说明分析的结果,也简要地叙述了所用的分析方法,同时也列出了几个国外原油以作比较。     

MAIN FACTORS CONTROLLING THE COMPOSITIONAL VARIABILITY OF SEEPAGE OILS FROM TRUJILLO STATE,WESTERN VENEZUELA

The organic geochemistry of eighteen samples of seepage oils from Trujillo State, Western Venezuela, was investigated. These oils are probably derived from the predominantly marine Cretaceous La Luna Formation which is near peak maturity for oil generation. A range of biomarkers (n-alkanes, acyclic isoprenoids, phenanthrene and alkyl-phenanthrenes, as well as dibenzothiophene and alkyl-dibenzothiophenes) were analysed by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The seepage oils have been modified as a result of water washing and biodegradation. A first group of samples were slightly biodegraded with the partial loss of n- and iso-alkanes. Other samples fall into two groups: those that are moderately degraded, with partial depletion of acyclic isoprenoids; and those that are severely altered, as indicated by the partial or total absence of hopanes. One objective of this work was to evaluate the factors influencing the compositional differences of the three samples sets. In-situ measurements, together with the interpretation of the geochemical data, suggest that diverse factors were responsible for these variations. These included different degrees of alteration due to biodegradation and water washing, as well as differences in flow rate towards the surface.     

微量沥青族组份的TLC/FID分离分析方法

TLC/FID方法的建立,主要根据现行沥青族组份分离过程中的某些局限性,采用薄层色谱(TLC)与氢火焰离子化检测器(FID)相结合,以硅胶或氧化铝吸附剂涂制于TLC烧结棒,点样和色谱展开,在棒架上以恒定的速度移动通过检测器火焰,各组份被自动扫描。该方法简便快速准确,几乎适应于所有低挥发有机化合物的分离分析,特别适用于沥青含量极低的碳酸盐岩样品的分析。     

合成多环缩合芳烃树脂原料的组成分析

以不同石油组分为原料，在不同工艺条件下合成了多环缩合芳烃(COPNA)树脂。采用FTIR、核磁共振和族组成分析等方法，考察了原料及产品的组成和结构特点，比较了产品的性能，并初步研究了原料组成对产物性质的影响。结果表明，原料中的芳烃含量及结构特点是影响COPNA树脂性能的关键因素。原料中的芳烃含量越高，合成反应的活性越大，产物的交联程度越高。经溶剂萃取等方法精制后的富芳烃馏分．反应活性有很大提高，更适宜合成COPNA树脂。     

新疆原油润滑油馏分性质考察

在考察新疆各油田原油的润滑油馏分性质的基础上，进行了润滑油馏分酮苯脱蜡、糠醛精制、白土精制试验，并对上述工艺生产的润滑油基础油馏分进行了性质考察，为利用新疆各油区原油生产润滑油基础油提供了技术参考。     

重油和沥青的结构基团分析方法

建立了一个从核磁共振谱和化学选择性氧化芳碳得到的烷链分布的数据以完整地估计重油和沥青的结构基团浓度及一系列结构参数的方法。结构基团包括环烷亚甲基、环烷桥头碳、环烷芳香碳、芳环桥头碳、α－亚甲基、环烷环上烷基取代碳等１７种碳型。结构参数包括单元芳环片环数、单元环烷环片环数、芳环上烷基取代度、环烷环上烷基取代度、桥链数等。给出了Ａｌｂｅｒｔａ４种沥青质和ＣｏｌｄＬａｋｅ瓦斯油的结构基团分析结果。     

苏北盆地与南黄海盆地中——新生界成烃对比浅析

苏北与南黄海盆地是统一的中—新生代盆地。苏北盆地勘探成果丰富,地化甄别7套暗色泥岩仅4套对成藏有贡献,3套属拗陷广湖灰泥岩,分布广、质量稳定,岩电特征突出;1套属断陷湖的纯泥岩。重新厘定南黄海盆地烃源岩,确认南坳有5套烃源岩,套数比苏北多、厚度略大,北坳仅有1套;各套形成环境、岩电特征与苏北相似,但品质和稳定性略差。两盆地烃源岩都处低熟—成熟阶段,南黄海总体低于苏北,成熟可排烃源岩范围较苏北小。烃源岩质量、成熟度和排烃畅通度决定苏北各凹陷油气资源丰度,成熟度高、排烃畅通资源丰度高,相反则低;断陷沉积埋藏越发展,烃源岩越成熟,三垛期末为烃源岩成熟定型期。综合看,南黄海资源潜力不如苏北,南坳优于北坳。     

苏北-南黄海盆地构造演化

苏北及南黄海盆地是由多期、多类盆地叠加的复合残留盆地,地质概况基本相似,成因演化近同,自元古界下扬子板块形成后,主要经历了古-中生代地台、中生代前陆盆地、走滑拉分盆地时期以及新生代断陷、坳陷盆地时期.在古生代-中生代发展过程中是一个整体,晚白垩世盆地演化出现分化,发育伸展盆地群,形成一系列叠置在中、古生代盆地之上的箕状断陷,箕状断陷的发育及分布明显受中-古生界内部先存逆冲断裂的控制.     

用PDSC热分析法研究润滑油,基础油的氧化安定性

采用加压差示扫描量热法（ＰＤＳＣ）对镇海１００Ｎ、２５０Ｎ、５００Ｎ基础油及几种进口润滑油的氧化安定性进行了研究,同时考察了１００Ｎ基础油对不同抗氧剂的感受性,表明ＰＤＳＣ热分析法是进行润滑油配方筛选的一种有效方法。     

DISTILLATION CHARACTERISTICS AND COMPOSITIONAL ANALYSIS OF ARABIAN LIGHT STRAIGHT RUN NAPHTHA

Straight run naphtha is a basic constituent of refined petroteum products. It consists mainly of aliphatic hydrocarbons along with small amounts of naphthenic and aromatic hydrocarbons. It has a wide boiling range between 95°F and 410°F. Currently, its main utilization is as gasoline blend, however, naphtha is a potential feedstock for the production of various petrochemicals. Continuous catalytic reforming of naphtha can produce aromatic compounds in amounts up to 70% of the reformat. Nevertheless, the catalytic reforming process is usually associated with various limitations that may be related to the wide-ranging composition of naphtha. In this study straight run naphtha derived from Arabian Light crude oil was fractionated, and the hydrocarbon composition of its different distillation cuts was determined. The results indicate that, straight run naphtha can be split into two main fractions. A light fraction boiling between ambient temperature and 225°F, consists mainly of C₇^(-) and a medium heavy fraction boiling between 225°F and 335°F, consists mainly of C₇⁽⁺⁾. Detailed distillation characteristics, along with compositional analysis of SRN seems to be useful for diversifying its processing technologies, and upgrading currently applied processing practices to yield various high-value products and petrochemicals feed stocks.     

DISTILLATION CHARACTERISTICS AND COMPOSITIONAL ANALYSIS OF ARABIAN LIGHT STRAIGHT RUN NAPHTHA

ABSTRACT

Straight run naphtha is a basic constituent of refined petroteum products. It consists mainly of aliphatic hydrocarbons along with small amounts of naphthenic and aromatic hydrocarbons. It has a wide boiling range between 95°F and 410°F. Currently, its main utilization is as gasoline blend, however, naphtha is a potential feedstock for the production of various petrochemicals. Continuous catalytic reforming of naphtha can produce aromatic compounds in amounts up to 70% of the reformat. Nevertheless, the catalytic reforming process is usually associated with various limitations that may be related to the wide-ranging composition of naphtha. In this study straight run naphtha derived from Arabian Light crude oil was fractionated, and the hydrocarbon composition of its different distillation cuts was determined. The results indicate that, straight run naphtha can be split into two main fractions. A light fraction boiling between ambient temperature and 225°F, consists mainly of C₇ ^(?) and a medium heavy fraction boiling between 225°F and 335°F, consists mainly of C₇ ⁽⁺⁾. Detailed distillation characteristics, along with compositional analysis of SRN seems to be useful for diversifying its processing technologies, and upgrading currently applied processing practices to yield various high-value products and petrochemicals feed stocks.     

北海维京地堑Beryl湾中、晚侏罗世高分辨率沉降分析及其意义

在Beryl湾发育南北向、北西向和北东向三组正断层。根据北海维京地堑Beryl湾73口井的高分辨率层序地层学分析和高分辨率沉降分析,阐明中、晚侏罗世沉积和沉降模式,确定应力场的变化及边界断层的连锁对沉积和含油气系统的控制作用。高分辨率(1~2Ma)允许评价不同走向断层随时间的演化。不仅阐明了东舍德兰断层连锁的时间和机侧,而且阐明了对沉积相的控制作用。研究结果表明,在中、晚侏罗世同裂谷期Beryl湾伸展方向发生了45°的顺时针旋转;东舍德兰断层在早、中牛津期由两段连锁为一条统一的断层。