Electron Acceleration by a Focused Gaussian Laser Pulse in Vacuum

By numerically solving the relativistic equations of motion of a single electron in laser fields modeled by a Gaussian laser beam, we get the trajectory and energy of the electron. When the drifting distance is comparable to or even longer than the corresponding Rayleigh length, the evolution of the beam waist cannot be neglected. The asymmetry of intensity in acceleration and deceleration leads to the conclusion that the electron can be accelerated effectively and extracted by the longitudinM ponderomotive force. For intensities above 10^19 Wμm^2/cm^2, an electron‘s energy gain about MeV can be realized, and the energetic electron is parallel with the propagation axis.     

Red Shift and Broadening of Backward Harmonic Radiation from Electron Oscillations Driven by Femtosecond Laser Pulse

The characteristics of backward harmonic radiation due to electron oscillations driven by a linearly polarized fs laser pulse are analysed considering a single electron model. The spectral distributions of the electron＇s backward harmonic radiation are investigated in detail for different parameters of the driver laser pulse. Higher order harmonic radiations are possible for a sufficiently intense driving laser pulse. We have shown that for a realistic pulsed photon beam, the spectrum of the radiation is red shifted as well as broadened because of changes in the longitudinal velocity of the electrons during the laser pulse. These effects are more pronounced at higher laser intensities giving rise to higher order harmonics that eventually leads to a continuous spectrum. Numerical simulations have further shown that by increasing the laser pulse width the broadening of the high harmonic radiations can be controlled.     

Propagation of Intense Femtosecond Laser Pulses in Deuterated Methane and Deuterium Cluster Jets

Propagation of intense femtosecond laser pulses (60 fs, 800 nm, 120 mJ, 6×1017 W cm-2 in vacuum) in supersonic (CD4)N and (D2)N cluster jets at different background pressures was studied. Pump-probe interferometry is employed to investigate the propagation of laser beams in dense cluster jets by examining the electron density distribution of plasma channels. It was found that propagation effects, including ionization-induced defocusing and laser attenuation of incident pulses, are very different in the (CD4)N and (D2)N cluster jets. Different ionization states of CD4 and D2 molecules were observed by analyzing the transverse electron density profiles of the plasma channels and should be considered as a major reason for the differences in the propagation effects. Numerical simulations of the nonlinear propagation of femtosecond laser pulses in (CD4)N and (D2)N cluster jets were performed, and the results indicated a good reproduction of the experimental data.     

超短脉冲激光与固体等离子体相互作用实验研究

实验研究了超短脉冲激光（744nm/120fs/12mJ）与固体（Cu）等离子体相互作用产生超热电子的能谱与角分布,利用电子磁谱仪与成像板（IP）探测器测量能谱,采用IP在入射平面内测量角分布。在无预脉冲、P极化激光45°斜入射下,采用Maxwellian分布拟合得到的超热电子温度为46keV,超热电子主要沿靶法线方向发射。产生超热电子的主导机制为真空加热,等离子体的电荷分离势约为70keV。     

Interactions of a Femtosecond Intense Laser with Rare Gas Clusters in a Dense Jet

A study on the interactions of high intensity (- 10^16 W/cm^2) femtosecond laser pulses with rare gas clusters in a dense jet is performed. Energy absorption by Ar and Xe clusters is measured and it can be as high as 90%. Very energetic ions produced in the laser interaction with a dense cluster jet are detected by time-of-flight spectrometry and the maximum ion energy of Xe is up to 1.3 MeV. The average ion energies are found to increase with increasing cluster size and get saturated gradually. The average ion energies also show a strong directionality and the average ion energy in the direction parallel to the laser polarization vector is 40% higher than that perpendicular to it. The findings are discussed in terms of a model of charge-dependent ion acceleration.     

高功率紫外超短脉冲激光

建立了国内第一台桌面高功率紫外超短脉冲激光系统。采用放电泵浦KrF准分子激光器、离轴放大技术 ,将能量 1mJ的 2 48nm紫外超短脉冲激光放大到 5 0mJ,利用棱镜对进行群速度色散补偿 ,将激光脉冲宽度由 42 0fs压缩到 2 2 0fs,用焦距为 40cm的透镜将放大后的超短脉冲激光聚焦到焦斑 5 μm ,功率密度达到 1 0 17W/cm2 。     

超短脉冲激光与固体靶相互作用的硬X射线能谱

本实验使用高纯锗探测器，运用单光子法，对超短脉冲激光与固体铜靶相互作用产生的硬X射线能谱进行测量。实验结果表明：在激光强度I≈8×10¹⁶W/cm²的P极化光以45°入射角照射5 mm铜靶、探测立体角为4.5×10^－6的实验条件下，产生的硬X射线的能量主要集中在低于100keV能量范围内，超热电子温度分别为(7.4±0.7)keV和(19.5±1.6)keV。     

激光与陡峭密度梯度等离子体相互作用电子加热机制研究

本文利用二维PIC模拟了超短超强激光与陡峭密度梯度等离子体相互作用过程中电子的加热机制。结果表明,在10²³ W/cm²的超短超强激光场与陡峭密度分布的μm级等离子体层相互作用的过程中有质动力加速、大幅度等离子体尾场及共振吸收共同决定了电子束的加速与加热。     

Re-Heating Effect on the Enhancement of Plasma Emission Generated from Fe Under Femtosecond Double-Pulse Laser Irradiation

In this paper, we present a study on the effect of inter-pulse delay using femtosecond double-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy in a collinear geometry. The temporal evolution of spectral intensity is performed for the lines of Fe I 423.60 nm, Fe I 425.08 nm and Fe I 427.18 nm. It is found that, by selecting appropriate inter-pulse delay, the signal enhancement can be significantly increased compared with the single-pulse case. A three-fold enhancement in the current experiment is obtained. The plasma temperature and electron density are also investigated based on the theory of Boltzmann plot and Stark broadening. We attribute the main mechanism for emission enhancement to the plasma re-heating effect.     

一种新颖的激光窄脉冲峰值保持方法与电路实现

首次提出了一种新颖的窄脉冲峰值保持方法.其原理是在脉冲激励下形成衰减振荡波,由峰值包络检波后的电流向电容器充电,最终在电容器上保持脉冲峰值信息.该方法解决了保持电容的充电时间常数完全依赖于脉冲宽度的问题.介绍了工作原理,给出了实现电路和实验结果.该电路结构简单、可靠性好,已经在高精度无协作目标激光脉冲测距仪中应用.     

电子磁谱仪法测量超热电子温度

利用超热电子磁谱仪测量了紫外超短脉冲激光与固体等离子体相互作用产生超热电子的能谱,在无预脉冲、激光强度为1017 W/cm2 条件下,紫外超短脉冲激光与固体(Cu)等离子体相互作用产生超热电子的能谱呈双温麦克斯韦分布,超热电子温度为81 keV,激光吸收的主导机制为真空吸收。     

高功率紫外超短激光脉冲光束质量研究

通过搭建传输和聚焦光学系统,采用CCD相机测量了高功率紫外超短脉冲激光系统的光束质量参数,如紫外种子光及其经过KrF准分子激光器放大后的焦斑光强空间分布、焦斑尺寸及极限衍射倍数β。结果表明,紫外种子光光束质量良好,β接近于1。经放大后,光束质量劣化,β达到6左右。经分析,光学元件的表面缺陷可能是导致光束质量下降的主要因素。     

Measurement of CO2 Laser Pulse Narrowing in CF2HCl

The oxidation of Np(V) by nitrous acid was investigated spectroscopically in 0.2 M CMPO—1.4 M TBP—n-dodecane and the oxidation rate constant of Np(V) was estimated assuming the first-order reaction. By using the obtained oxidation rate constant as well as taking account of the Np(V) oxidation in aqueous phase and the distribution ratios of Np(V) and Np(VI) cited from literature, extraction kinetics of Np from 4 M nitric acid solution was calculated, and was compared with the extraction kinetics measured experimentally.     

Relativistic Electromagnetic Soliton in Electron-Positron-Ion Plasma

Considering the limiting weak nonlinearity, we obtained the solution of the coupled equations describing the interaction of ultraintense laser with cold transparent multicomponent plasma. It was indicated that the ions tend to accumulate at the center of the soliton and have large velocity when we consider the mobile ions in the multicomponent plasma, which shows that the result is different from that of the Berezhiani＇s analysis. The change of proportion of ions in the plasma has effects on the amplitude of vector potential and the maximum velocity of the soliton.     

超短脉冲激光辐照固体靶产生超热电子研究

实验研究了超短脉冲激光辐照固体靶产生的超热电子温度 ,所用方法是测量超热电子在固体中韧致辐射产生的硬X射线 ( >30keV)能量连续谱。中等强度 ( 1 0 16W /cm2 )、无预脉冲、红外超短脉冲( 74 4nm ,1 30fs,6mJ)、P极化激光 4 5°照射 5mm铜靶 ,产生了能量为 4 0 0keV的X射线信号 ,利用Maxwellian分布拟合能谱得到的超热电子温度为 85keV ,产生高能电子的主导吸收机制为真空加热。     

15 TW激光与氮气作用产生稳定电子束的实验研究

利用15 TW激光脉冲,系统研究了基于电离化注入的激光尾波场加速。实验中,研究了等离子体密度、相互作用位置、激光脉宽以及激光能量对电子束的电荷量、发散角、指向性、能量以及产生概率的影响。将约400 mJ、25 fs的激光脉冲聚焦在喷嘴前沿,等离子体密度约9×10¹⁸ cm^-3时,电子的产生概率高达100%,获得了水平（竖直）发散角（6.5±0.5） mrad（（5.3±0.3） mrad）、水平（竖直）指向稳定性±1.2 mrad （±0.7 mrad）、峰值能量（135±8） MeV和电荷量（13.5±2.0） pC（＞50 MeV）的稳定电子束,为其应用奠定了基础。     

Standing Ultrashort Relativistic Solitons in Overdense Plasmas

By using a one-dimensional self-consistent relativistic fluid model, an investigation is made numerically on relativistic electromagnetic solitons with a high intensity in cold overdense plasmas with an electrons＇ initial velocity opposite to the laser propagating direction. Two types of standing solitons with zero group velocity are found at the given electrons＇ initial velocities. One is single-humped with a weakly relativistic intensity; the another is multi-humped with a strong relativistic amplitude. The properties of these two types of solitons are presented in detail.     

超短脉冲激光自生磁场同位素分离实验研究

通过超短脉冲激光与固体氮化硼（BN）靶相互作用过程中产生的自生磁场实现了对同位素硼的分离,采用二次离子质谱法（SIMS）对同位素分离效果进行了测量。研究表明,一级浓缩比达50.8%。