超临界CO2萃取的研究进展

超临界CO2流体萃取技术是近年来兴起的一项具有精馏和萃取两过程的高新物质分离精制技术，文章主要通过对各类超临界CO2流体萃取实验的文献报道和实验操作进行分析，对超临界CO2流体革取技术的原理、特点和超临界CO2流体萃取的主要影响因素及其优化方法和经验模型进行了综述。     

超临界CO2流体萃取装置的污染分析与控制

针对超临界CO2流体萃取装置的工艺特点，分析了超临界CO2流体萃取装置中主要污染物的组成种类及其主要来源，指出噪声是超临界CO2流体萃取装置的主要污染物，同时提出从污染源着手，控制和减少超临界CO2流体萃取装置污染的一些措施。     

夹带剂性质对超临界二氧化碳萃取的影响

介绍了夹带剂在超临界CO2萃取中的作用和原理，分析了夹带剂分子极性、相对分子质量、分子体积及特殊分子结构等性质对超临界CO2萃取的影响，总结出夹带剂性质对萃取率的变化规律：夹带剂的分子极性越大，溶质在超临界CO2中的溶解度越大；夹带剂的相对分子质量、分子体积的增大，其在超临界CO2中的溶解度减小，萃取率减小；夹带剂中易形成氢键的特殊分子结构，可提高萃取率。     

超临界CO2萃取的研究与应用

介绍了超临界流体的特性及其萃取的基本原则，讨论了超临界流体萃取技术的优点，评述了超临界CO2的特点，概述了国内外超临界CO2萃取技术在医药，食品，香料，石油化工以及环境保护等领域的开发及应用。     

均匀设计在盾叶薯蓣皂素超临界CO2萃取中的应用

采用均匀设计方法，以萃取压力、萃取温度、解析压力、解析温度4因素7水平进行实验，研究了盾叶薯蓣皂素超临界CO2萃取最佳条件为：萃取压力32 MPa。萃取温度56℃；解析压力8MPa。解析温度62℃。与传统有机溶剂提取法相比，应用超临界CO2萃取盾叶薯蓣皂素，不仅方法简便、安全、提取周期短。而且提取的选择性与效率高。     

超临界CO2萃取的研究进展

通过对各类超临界CO2流体萃取实验的文献报道和实验操作进行分析,对超临界CO2流体萃取技术的原理、特点和超临界CO2流体萃取的主要影响因素及其优化方法和经验模型进行了综述.     

超临界CO_2萃取毛叶木姜子果实挥发油

采用正交实验法对超临界CO2萃取毛叶木姜子果实挥发油的条件进行了研究。探讨了萃取温度、压力、CO2流量等因素对萃取率的影响。得到了超临界CO2萃取毛叶木姜子果实挥发油的最佳实验条件:用50g原料,萃取压力30MPa,温度50℃,CO2流量35kg/h,萃取时间90min,萃取得率为5 85%。     

枸杞籽油超临界二氧化碳萃取方法的实验研究

建立了一套超临界流体萃取枸杞籽油实验流程．以CO2为萃取剂,考察了萃取压力、操作温度、CO2流量及原料颗粒度等因素对枸杞籽油萃取率的影响,确定了较佳的萃取工艺条件：压力30MPa,温度313-318K,枸杞籽颗粒40-50目,CO2流量0．3—0．4m^3/h时枸杞籽油萃取率最高,可达155％.     

鲜花精油和浸膏的超临界CO_2萃取进展

该文对国内外植物精油和浸膏的提取方法作了概述,包括传统方法(水蒸馏法和有机溶剂浸提法)和新型清洁方法〔微波诱导法、吸附法、水扩散法、分子蒸馏、超临界水萃取、液体CO2萃取和超临界CO2(SC CO2)萃取〕。介绍了SC CO2萃取的原理和优势,详细地说明了SC CO2对精油选择性萃取的较优条件、蜡和精油的传质机理、多级萃取除蜡等。重点将现有的SC CO2萃取强化方法———快速降压法、夹带剂法和溶胀预处理法进行较详细的总结。引用文献34篇。     

超临界CO2萃取丁香挥发油的实验研究

采用正交实验法对超临界CO2萃取丁香挥发油的条件进行了研究。考察了萃取温度、压力、CO2流量等因素在不同水平下对丁香挥发油提取率的影响。得到了超临界C02萃取丁香挥发油的最佳实验条件：萃取压力30MPa、温度40℃、CO2流量40kg／h和萃取时间80min,得率为20．62％。与水蒸气蒸馏法比较,超临界CO2萃取的收率高,萃取时间短。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。