Nutrient composition of green crab (Carcinus maenus) leg meat and claw meat

Research is underway in New England to examine the potential for initiating a commercial fishery for the invasive European green crab (Carcinus maenus). Information on the nutrient composition is needed to facilitate the processing, utilization, and marketing of value-added green crab products. Green crabs were harvested and individually weighed and measured for carapace width. Claw meat and leg meat samples were picked from steamed crabs, and raw crabs were sampled for claw meat only. Samples were subjected to proximate, mineral (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, aluminium, iron, zinc, copper), cholesterol, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) analyses. Moisture, protein, and total mineral contents of the crab meat averaged 78.7, 17.1, and 2.2 g/100 g, respectively. Leg meat had higher lipid concentrations (1.16 g/100 g) than either steamed (0.62 g/100 g) or raw (0.54 g/100 g) claw meat. Average n-3 fatty acid concentrations ranged from 115 to 336 mg/100 g and 154 to 344 mg/100 g for DHA and EPA, respectively, and were significantly higher in leg meat than in claw meat.     

Shelf-life of cooked edible crab (Cancer pagurus) stored under refrigerated conditions

Cancer pagurus is widely appreciated in Southern Europe, being sold live, cooked refrigerated or cooked frozen. In deposit facilities it is common practice to cook and sell crabs that died overnight in tanks. So far, no studies assessed the quality and shelf-life of processed edible crab for human consumption. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the shelf-life of cooked meat of vacuum-packed C. pagurus during refrigeration using biochemical, physical, microbiological and sensorial tools. The results indicate that live cooked crabs had higher shelf-life (above 13 days) than live cooked crabs frozen at −20 °C during 3 months before refrigeration (4 days) and dead cooked crabs (10 days). Odour and microbiological growth were the best indicators for quality assessment of both crab tissues, as well as all lipid oxidation parameters in brown meat. The initial quality, processing procedure and preservation method play a crucial role in the shelf-life of edible crab, and therefore must be strictly controlled to ensure high-quality products for consumers.     

Comparison of Gender Differences in Nutritional Value and Key Odor Profile of Hepatopancreas of Chinese Mitten Crab (Eriocheir Sinensis)

The nutritional value and key odor profile of hepatopancreas of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) was evaluated, and gender differences in terms of edible yield, proximate composition, different lipid fractions, fatty acid composition, and key odor compounds were compared. Total lipids were separated into different lipid fractions using silicic acid columns. And odorants were detected by monolithic material sorptive extraction coupled with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry‐olfactometry (GC‐MS‐O). Furthermore, detected frequency and odor intensity method of GC‐O were applied to select key odor compounds in steamed E. sinensis. The results showed male crabs (34.06%) had a higher edible yield than female crabs (32.42%). Hepatopancreas was the most abundant portion in both genders, which contained high lipid content. Higher contents of triacylglycerols, sterols, free fatty acids, and phosphatidylethanolamine in female crabs resulted in a significant higher total lipid content in females (40.05%) than in males (37.94%). Meanwhile, total monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids of female crabs had significant higher content than male crabs, and the ratio of docosahexaenoic acid to eicosapentaenoic acid of female crabs (1.26) showed higher value than male crabs (1.18), which indicated that female crabs had higher nutritional value than male crabs. For further analyses, unique odor compounds detected in female crabs showed a plant/vegetable‐like odor, while sweety, corn‐like odor in male crabs. These suggested that hepatopancreases of female crabs are healthier than male crabs for human consumption, however, they may be favored by different consumers individually due to their unique aroma profiles.     

蒸制中华绒螯蟹可食部位在冷藏过程中腥味变化分析

为分析蒸制中华绒螯蟹可食部位在冷藏过程中腥味物质变化。通过对4 ℃冷藏0、1、3、5 d蒸制的中华绒螯蟹体肉、肝胰腺和性腺分别进行腥味评价、电子鼻分析气味轮廓,顶空-固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术(HS-SPME-GC-MS)进行挥发性成分分析。结果表明,在腥味评价中,经冷藏后3个可食部位腥味均明显增加;电子鼻分析显示在第3 d有明显的轮廓区分;经4 ℃冷藏0、1、3、5 d的体肉中分别检测到44、45、50、54种挥发性物质,肝胰腺中分别检测到52、61、62、57种挥发性物质,性腺中分别检测到37、45、52、58种挥发性物质。蒸制中华绒螯蟹可食部位随着冷藏时间的增加,挥发性物质总量明显增加;对腥味有贡献的己醛、庚醛、壬醛、(E)-2-辛烯醛、1-辛烯-3-醇各总量也随之增加,且都在第3 d时出现明显的差异性,说明第3 d腥味明显增强。根据OAV(odor activity value,气味活性值)值方法得出在冷藏过程中对中华绒螯蟹腥味贡献程度肝胰腺 > 性腺 > 蟹肉。     

Characterization of Important Odorants in Steamed Male Chinese Mitten Crab (Eriocheir sinensis) using Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry‐Olfactometry

Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) from Yangcheng Lake in Jiangsu Province is a popular species due to its unique pleasant aroma and intensive umami taste. In this study, odorants in steamed male E. sinensis were investigated using the headspace‐monolithic material sorptive extraction technique coupled with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry‐olfactometry (GC‐MS‐O). A total of 74 volatile compounds were found, and the results of the GC‐MS‐O analysis, combined with odor activity values, showed that trimethylamine (fishy, ammonia‐like odor), (Z)‐4‐heptenal (mushroom‐like odor), and benzaldehyde (paint‐like odor) were the important odorants (IOs) in all 4 of the edible parts of steamed male E. sinensis. Furthermore, heptanal (mushroom‐like odor) was common to the abdomen, claw, and leg meat but was not found as the IO in the gonad. The abdomen meat also contained 3‐methylbutanal (vegetable‐like, grassy odor), while 2 additional IOs were found in claw meat (2‐methylbutanal, which has a mushroom odor and 3‐ethyl‐2,5‐dimethylpyrazine, which has a chocolate‐like, musty odor). Another IO (2‐nonanone, chocolate‐like odor) was also found in leg meat, while (E)‐2‐nonenal (green, fruity odor) was the IO found exclusively in the gonad.     

Nutritional quality and safety of cooked edible crab (Cancer pagurus)

Edible crab (Cancer pagurus) is one of the most important crustaceans consumed in Southern European countries, either as boiled or steamed cooked product. So far, the majority of studies assessing health benefits and risks associated to seafood consumption have been carried out in raw products, despite being generally cooked before consumption, and mostly in muscle tissue. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of steaming and boiling on the chemical safety and nutritional value of C. pagurus caught in spring and summer. Generally, chemical and elemental composition of brown meat (tissue in the body cavity comprising mainly gonads and hepatopancreas) differed significantly from muscle (white meat in claws and legs). Additionally, the same tissue revealed differences in chemical and elemental composition of raw and cooked C. pagurus, likely due to water leaching. In contrast, few variations between seasons were observed. The results revealed that the consumption of cooked edible crab muscle should be promoted, whereas brown meat ingestion should be done parsimoniously.     

Effects of high pressure processing on protein fractions of blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) meat

The studies about the effect of high pressure processing (HPP) on the myofibrillar proteins of crab meat are scarce in the literature. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of high pressure processing (HPP) at 100, 300 and 600 MPa (10 °C/5 min) on the muscular protein fractions of blue crab meat (Callinectes sapidus) and compares the effect of high pressure treatments and the thermal cooking process on the yielding of crab meat. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis of raw crab meat showed two peaks at 48.18 and 76.76 °C corresponding to myosin and actin denaturation. The increasing in the pressure level resulted in a decrease in denaturation enthalpy of both proteins. Data from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated changes in the secondary protein structures in which a reduction in α-helix and an increase in β-turn were observed as a result of denaturation induced by HPP. Electrophoresis analysis (SDS-PAGE) showed myofibrillar protein denaturation as the pressure level increased. The HPP at 100 and 300 MPa resulted in a significant increase in the yielding of meat extracted when compared to the thermal treatment (90 °C/20 min). Higher sensory scores were obtained in 300 and 600 MPa suggesting higher acceptance. Results suggest the feasibility of applying HPP as an alternative to the thermal treatment to process crab meat.Industrial relevanceHigh pressure processing (HPP) technology has been successfully applied to several seafood products. However, it is important to study the effect of HPP on the food components, mainly proteins in the crab meat to optimize the processing parameters to get high-quality products. In the present study, the benefit of using HPP as an alternative to the commercial thermal processing for extraction of crab meat has been confirmed. Applying 600 MPa (10 °C/5 min) to the whole blue crab resulted in a higher yield of extracted crab meat compared with the other treatments. However, using a range of 100–300 MPa (10 °C/5 min) also increases the yielding of extracted crab meat when compared to the thermal process, and moreover, the extraction procedure is faster. The quality and the functional properties of the crab meat with fresh appearance is preserved after the treatment at 100 MPa. These results could promote subsequent applications of pressurized crab meat in the crab industry, especially with the HPP treatments in a range between 100 and 300 MPa.     

Effects of 3 Feeding Modes on the Volatile and Nonvolatile Compounds in the Edible Tissues of Female Chinese Mitten Crab (Eriocheir sinensis)

To reveal the impact of different feeding modes on the flavor quality of female Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) this study was conducted to compare the sensory evaluation scores, flavor compounds in meat and hepatopancreas of female E. sinensis fed with 3 feeding modes, that is, natural diets (NDs), traditional diets (TDs), and formulated diets (FDs). The result showed that crabs fed with ND had significantly lower sensory scores than the other 2 feeding modes in both edible tissues. The odor and taste profiles were evaluated by Electronic nose (E‐nose) and tongue (E‐tongue) techniques, respectively; results of perchloric acid showed each edible tissue had significant differences among the 3 modes. Contents of volatile compounds were measured by Headspace‐solid phase micro extraction combined with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometer. A total of 35 and 44 volatile compounds were identified in meat and hepatopancreas, respectively. ND mode of meat had the highest relative odor activity value (ROAV) summation among the 3 diet modes. TD mode of hepatopancreas had significantly higher ROAV summations. Based on the analysis of free amino acids and 5′‐nucleotides, nonvolatile compounds were evaluated by equivalent umami concentration (EUC) and taste active values (TAVs) methods. For both meat and hepatopancreas, TD had the highest contents of umami amino acid, as for the 5′‐nucleotide, FD had the highest 5′‐inosin monophosphate concentrations. Overall, the EUC and TAVs of TD were higher than that of FD, whereas ND mode had the lowest values in the 2 edible tissues. In conclusion, TD mode had the best performance in terms of sensory evaluation, ROAVs of aroma‐active compounds, and nonvolatile active compounds.     

不同蒸制方式下太湖蟹感官评定及营养价值比较

对比明火蒸锅与电蒸箱两种蒸制工具对太湖蟹感官评定及营养价值的影响。通过失重率、水分和感官3个过程指标,确定电蒸箱和明火蒸锅蒸制太湖蟹的感官最佳时间;比较了两种蒸制方式的最佳条件下,太湖蟹蟹肉和蟹黄/膏的基本营养成分、维生素、氨基酸、脂肪酸和功能性成分。结果表明:两种蒸制方式下的太湖蟹的失重率随着蒸制时间的延长而上升,可食部的水分逐渐下降;电蒸箱和明火蒸锅蒸制的最佳感官时间分别为25,20min,在该条件下,电蒸箱蒸制蟹的基本营养成分和维生素含量均高于明火蒸锅蒸制;氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸和呈味氨基酸含量也优于明火蒸锅蒸制;电蒸箱蒸制蟹的单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFAs)所占比例显著高于明火蒸锅,且DHA(C_(22:6))和虾青素含量均为明火蒸锅的2倍以上。该研究对日常烹调和企业生产都具有一定的指导意义。     

Carotenoids in crabs from marine and fresh waters of India

Quantitative and qualitative distribution of carotenoids in meat and shell of major marine crab (Charybdis cruciata) and fresh water crab (Potamon potamon) from Indian waters was assessed. The total carotenoid content was low in both species of crabs analysed, highest being 11.0 μg/g in shell of marine crab. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of carotenoid extracts indicated that the marine crab contained astaxanthin and its esters as major carotenoids and zeaxanthin was major carotenoid in fresh water crab extract. Astaxanthin and its esters contributed 67.6 and 65.5 g/100 g of total carotenoids in meat and shell of marine crab. The zeaxanthin content (g/100 g) in the carotenoid extract of meat and shell of fresh water crab was 42.0 and 74.8 of total carotenoids. The carotenoid extracts from both the crabs had higher level of unsaturated fatty acids. Oleic acid (C18:1) and palmitoleic acid (C16:1) were the predominant unsaturated fatty acid in carotenoid extract from meat of marine and fresh water crab, respectively. In the carotenoid extract from shell, eicosenoic acid (C20:1) in marine crab and linolenic acid (C18:3) in fresh water crab were the major unsaturated fatty acids.     

Compositional characteristics and nutritional quality of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis)

Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) was analyzed for proximate composition, minerals, amino acids and fatty acid composition, and also evaluated for nutritional quality. The yields of crab meat and edible viscera were 24.2% and 9.2%, respectively. The crab meat contained 18.9% crude protein. About 80% of the protein resided in the crab meat portion, while about 90% of the fat was in the viscera. Chinese mitten crab was an excellent source of minerals, particularly zinc, iron, copper and phosphorus. The crab protein contained high amounts of glutamic acid (151 mg/g), aspartic acid (99 mg/g), arginine (99 mg/g), lysine (81 mg/g) and leucine (77 mg/g), and it was a high quality protein with well-balanced essential amino acid compositions. Twenty six fatty acids were found in the crab oil. The monounsaturated fatty acids were predominant with a percentage of 49.8. Oleic acid (18:1) was the dominant fatty acid, followed by palmitoleic acid (16:1), palmitic acid (16:0) and linoleic acid (18:2n − 6); and the percentages were 31.0, 14.3, 14.2 and 11.9, respectively. The ratio of n − 6/n − 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was 2.2, and this is a n − 3 PUFA-rich food. In short, the results showed that Chinese mitten crab is a nutritious food.     

Novel approaches in improving the quality and safety aspects of processed meat products through high pressure processing technology - A review

BackgroundIn recent years, there has been growing consumer demand for the minimally processed and chemical additives free Ready-To-Eat (RTE) healthier meat products. On the other hand processed and RTE meat products have been notified as the primary cause for food borne outbreaks in different countries that commonly associated with emerging pathogens such as Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli species.Scope and approachHigh pressure processing (HPP) has been renewed as a best non-thermal intervention for extending the shelf-life and safety of RTE meat products without altering the sensory and nutritional properties. Meat products are complex medium with different physical and chemical compositions that influence the lethality of the microorganisms during HPP. Using high pressure levels (above 600 MPa) for complete sterility of meat products may not be economically feasible more over it may negatively affect the product quality characteristics. The present review aimed to explore the recent research investigations addressed the multi hurdle approaches to increase the effectiveness of HPP at lower processing levels in order to reduce the processing costs and to improve the safety and quality of processed meat products.Key findings and conclusionsThe combination of natural antimicrobials (plant bioactive compounds and bacteriocins) and antioxidants (plant phenolic compounds) as additional hurdles through different mechanisms (active and intelligent packaging) during HPP can definitely be an effective and innovative intervention in ensuring the complete safety of processed meat products. Moreover, the development of low salt meat products with optimum quality attributes can be highly possible through HPP technology.     

Effect of high pressure processing on heat-induced gelling capacity of blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) meat

There has been increasing use of High pressure processing (HPP) in the fishery industry since this technology facilitates shellfish shucking. Nevertheless, there is limited information about the effect of HPP on protein functional properties of some shellfish. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 100, 300 and 600 MPa/5 min on the gelling capacity of heat-induced (40 °C/30 min + 90 °C/20 min) blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) meat. HPP treatment resulted in crab meat gels with a lighter and reddish colour as compared to the control. HPP at 600 MPa induced the formation of high molecular aggregates from the denaturation-aggregation of myosin heavy chain. Pressurization at 100 MPa promoted the shift of α-helix structures to β-sheet and β-turn as compared with the other pressure levels. TPA values were higher in gels made at 100 MPa than at 300 or 600 MPa. Low pressure levels, then, increased the heat-induced gelling capacity of crab meat, improving the texture through modification of its protein structure.Industrial relevanceHigh pressure processing (HPP) technology has been successfully applied to several seafood products, both for processing and storage. However, in the case of blue crab meat it is important to study the effect of HPP on protein functional properties such as gelling capacity in order to optimize processing parameters for the preparation of high-quality restructured products. This paper reports the development of a HPP process (100, 300 and 600 MPa/5 min 40 °C/30 min + 90 °C/20 min) prior to thermal gelling for the preparation of crab meat gels. The application of 600 MPa produced considerable protein aggregation of gels, whereas with pressures below 300 MPa protein functionality can be modified to produce crab meat gels with adequate brightness, TPA values and a fresh, high-quality appearance. These results could provide a basis for further pressurization applications in the crab industry to create new seafood product analogues based on this kind of crab meat.     

Prevalence, characterization and sources of Listeria monocytogenes in blue crab (Callinectus sapidus) meat and blue crab processing plants

Seven blue crab processing plants were sampled to determine the prevalence and sources of Listeria spp. and Listeria monocytogenes for two years (2006–2007). A total of 488 raw crabs, 624 cooked crab meat (crab meat) and 624 environmental samples were tested by standard methods. Presumptive Listeria spp. were isolated from 19.5% of raw crabs, 10.8% of crab meat, and 69.5% of environmental samples. L. monocytogenes was isolated from 4.5% of raw crabs, 0.2% of crab meat, and 2.1% of environmental samples. Ninety-seven percent of the isolates were resistant to at least one of the ten antibiotics tested. Eight different serotypes were found among 76 L. monocytogenes isolates tested with the most common being 4b, 1/2b and 1/2a. Automated EcoRI ribotyping differentiated 11 ribotypes among the 106 L. monocytogenes isolates. Based on ribotyping analysis, the distribution of the ribotypes in each processing plant had a unique contamination pattern. A total of 92 ApaI and 88 AscI pulsotypes among the 106 L. monocytogenes isolates were found and distinct pulsotypes were observed in raw crab, crab meat and environmental samples. Ribotypes and serotypes recovered from crab processing plants included subtypes that have been associated with listeriosis cases in other food outbreaks. Our findings suggest that molecular methods may provide critical information about sources of L. monocytogenes in crab processing plants and will augment efforts to improve food safety control strategies such as targeting specific sources of contamination and use of aggressive detergents prior to sanitizing.     

A comparison of different processing methods for picked blue crab (Callinectes sapidus)

Five methods for producing picked crab meat from cooked blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) were evaluated for internal food temperatures and bacterial numbers at various process points. Whole shell-on crabs, crab cores ("backed" crabs with carapace removed), and crab meat samples were analyzed for standard plate count, total coliforms, fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. For three of the processes, crabs were backed and washed a substantial time before picking; one of the processes used an ice slush dip to cool cooked crabs. Except for a single crab sample, bacteria were not isolated from crab and core samples. Standard plate count, E. coli, and S. aureus in crab meat samples from the different processes were statistically the same. Bacterial numbers in fresh picked crab meat samples exposed to an ambient temperature of 20 to 21.1 degrees C for 1.5 and 3.5 h and stored at 1 degrees C for 3 to 4 days and 7 to 8 days did not significantly differ (P < 0.05).     

High-pressure processing of fish and shellfish products: Safety,quality, and research prospects

Seafood products have been one of the main drivers behind the popularity of high-pressure processing (HPP) in the food industry owing to a high demand for fresh ready-to-eat seafood products and food safety. This review provides an overview of the advanced knowledge available on the use of HPP for production of wholesome and highly nutritive clean label fish and shellfish products. Out of 653 explored items, 65 articles published during 2016–2021 were used. Analysis of the literature showed that most of the earlier work evaluated the HPP effect on physicochemical and sensorial properties, and limited information is available on nutritional aspects. HPP has several applications in the seafood industry. Application of HPP (400–600 MPa) eliminates common seafood pathogens, such as Vibrio and Listeria spp., and slows the growth of spoilage microorganisms. Use of cold water as a pressure medium induces minimal changes in sensory and nutritional properties and helps in the development of clean label seafood products. This technology (200–350 MPa) is also useful to shuck oysters, lobsters, crabs, mussels, clams, and scallops to increase recovery of the edible meat. High-pressure helps to preserve organoleptic and functional properties for an extended time during refrigerated storage. Overall, HPP helps seafood manufacturers to maintain a balance between safety, quality, processing efficiency, and regulatory compliance. Further research is required to understand the mechanisms of pressure-induced modifications and clean label strategies to minimize these modifications.     

Effect of high pressure processing on physicochemical and microbiological properties of marinated beef with reduced sodium content

High pressure processing (HPP) is one of the newer technologies that has shown great potential for manufacturing meat products with reduced sodium content. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of HPP applied at different levels in the inactivation of Listeria innocua and Enterococcus faecium inoculated in marinated beef (Longissimus lumborum) with reduced sodium content, as well as its influence on the physicochemical properties of the meat. Samples were inoculated with 10⁶ CFU/g of L. innocua and E. faecium, and marinated with solutions in different concentrations of NaCl (1 or 2%) and citric acid (1 or 2%) for 18 h and treated with high pressure (300, 450 or 600 MPa). Samples treated with 600 MPa were also evaluated regarding physicochemical stability after 14 days of refrigerated storage. Different marinating solutions were not sufficient to reduce initial microbial loads in the non-pressurized samples, but the combination with high pressure caused six log cycle reductions of both microorganisms. The treatment with 2% salt/2% citric acid was the most effective for each pressure considered for both bacteria. No significant changes were observed in the water activity of the samples, however samples with higher concentration of citric acid showed lower (p < 0.05) pH and lower (p < 0.05) lipid oxidation after 14 days of storage under refrigeration. Only samples treated with 600 MPa showed an increase (p < 0.05) in hardness. The results showed that HPP was able to process a safe meat product with reduced sodium concentration.Industrial relevanceThe result from this study shows the benefits of using HPP as an alternative meat processing technology to develop a meat product with reduce sodium content. Meat processed by this method have better nutritional quality and extended shelf life as compared to conventional processing. The step taken in this study will aid the meat processing industry for the development of microbiologically safe meat product with low sodium content by the application of high pressure processing.     

电子舌在中华绒螯蟹产地鉴别及等级评定的应用

采用电子舌对产自阳澄湖、松江、崇明的不同等级雌性中华绒螯蟹各可食部位的滋味轮廓进行检测。运用主成分分析法处理电子舌测定数据后发现,特级、1级、2级阳澄湖中华绒螯蟹体肉、钳肉、足肉、性腺4 个部位滋味轮廓区分显著。采用软独立建模的方法,分别建立了基于单部位及联合多部位的阳澄湖中华绒螯蟹产地鉴别模型,无论是单部位还是多部位模型,对非阳澄湖蟹样的拒绝率均为100%。采用偏最小二乘-判别分析法建立了中华绒螯蟹的等级评定模型,特级、1级、2级蟹样的偏最小二乘-判别分析模型相关系数均在0.90以上,采用上述模型可100%正确识别16 个未知蟹样的等级。     

不同产地中华绒螯蟹鉴定方法及其研究进展

中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis),俗称河蟹、大闸蟹,是我国特有名贵水产品.由于不同产区地理环境、养殖模式差异大,知名品牌中华绒螯蟹往往具有更高的价值,但同时也导致了近年来假冒原产地大闸蟹的现象越来越严重.目前亟须建立客观、有效的中华绒螯蟹产地判别方法.因此,越来越多的学者开展了不同产地中华绒螯蟹的鉴定...     

不同产地雌性中华绒螯蟹感官品质与滋味品质的差异性

该文以上海市松江区的鱼跃养殖产地及崇明区的崇东养殖产地的中华绒螯蟹为研究对象,测定其3个可食部位游离氨基酸和呈味核苷酸的含量,通过计算味道强度值(taste activity value,TAV)及味精当量(equivalent umami concentration,EUC)对这些成分的呈味强度进行评价,结合人工感官和电子感官(电子舌)对其滋味品质进行综合分析,探究不同产地雌性中华绒螯蟹可食部位感官品质与滋味品质的差异。人工与电子感官结果显示,不同产地的中华绒螯蟹滋味轮廓有所差异。从游离氨基酸分析结果可知,崇东组性腺肝胰腺的游离氨基酸总量均显著高于鱼跃组(P<0.05),体肉的总量低于鱼跃组(P<0.05),崇东组TAV>1的游离氨基酸种类比鱼跃组多,且苦味氨基酸His含量较高。呈味核苷酸的结果显示,鱼跃组性腺的EUC值高于崇东组,但无显著性差异(P>0.05),肝胰腺和体肉中崇东组EUC值更高,尤其是肝胰腺,其EUC值约为鱼跃组的4倍。从感官与滋味品质的角度均反映出不同产地雌性中华绒螯蟹之间的差异,崇东产地的中华绒螯蟹整体感官及滋味品质优于鱼跃产地,同时由于崇东产地养殖池塘中苦草的存在,其可食部位的苦味较为明显。研究为淡水蟹养殖技术及其肉品资源的有效利用提供了参考及依据。