纳米材料在印染废水处理中的应用进展

印染废水是一类水质水量变化大、成分复杂、色度高、生物毒性大、含多种抑制物质的难降解高浓度有机废水。印染废水的处理一直是污水治理领域的一个难题，是目前国内外水处理的难点和热点。介绍了纳米材料在印染废水处理中的应用进展情况，并对其应用前景作了展望．     

Decontamination of soil washing wastewater using solar driven advanced oxidation processes

Decontamination of soil washing wastewater was performed using two different solar driven advanced oxidation processes (AOPs): the photo-Fenton reaction and the cobalt/peroxymonosulfate/ultraviolet (Co/PMS/UV) process. Complete sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), the surfactant agent used to enhance soil washing process, degradation was achieved when the Co/PMS/UV process was used. In the case of photo-Fenton reaction, almost complete SDS degradation was achieved after the use of almost four times the actual energy amount required by the Co/PMS/UV process. Initial reaction rate in the first 15 min (IR₁₅) was determined for each process in order to compare them. Highest IR₁₅ value was determined for the Co/PMS/UV process (0.011 mmol/min) followed by the photo-Fenton reaction (0.0072 mmol/min) and the dark Co/PMS and Fenton processes (IR₁₅ = 0.002 mmol/min in both cases). Organic matter depletion in the wastewater, as the sum of surfactant and total petroleum hydrocarbons present (measured as chemical oxygen demand, COD), was also determined for both solar driven processes. It was found that, for the case of COD, the highest removal (69%) was achieved when photo-Fenton reaction was used whereas Co/PMS/UV process yielded a slightly lower removal (51%). In both cases, organic matter removal achieved was over 50%, which can be consider proper for the coupling of the tested AOPs with conventional wastewater treatment processes such as biodegradation.     

动态膜技术及其在污水处理中的研究进展

动态膜作为一种新型的膜技术,具有广阔的应用前景.介绍了动态膜的概念及其形成与制备,重点分析了影响动态膜污水处理效果的相关因素.在总结目前研究的基础上指出,动态膜技术发展的关键在于开发性能更加优良的涂层材料,而改善活性污泥性状以及优化运行参数则有助于提高动态膜生物反应器的处理效果和运行的稳定性.     

无机膜在工业废水处理中的应用与展望

对无机膜在工业废水处理领域的技术进展和应用现状进行了较全面的综述,由于材料特性所决定,无机膜将在苛刻条件下的废水处理领域中发挥重要的作用,无机膜集成技术的应用也将受到重视。     

A review of advanced proton-conducting materials for hydrogen separation

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of developments and recent trends in H₂ separation technology that uses dense proton–electron conducting ceramic materials and their associated membranes. Various proton–electron conducting materials and their associated membranes are summarized and classified into several important categories, such as Ni-composite proton-conducting materials, as well as tungstate-based, BaPrO₃-based, LaGaO₃-based, and niobate/tantalite composite metal oxide-based ceramic materials/membranes. Various membrane designs, including asymmetric ceramic membranes (supported and self-supported) and surface-modified membranes, are also reviewed. Several important properties of ceramic materials and membranes, such as proton and electron conductivity and performance (i.e., H₂ transport flux and lifetime stability), are also discussed. To highlight the technical progress in this area, all possible ceramic materials and associated membranes are summarized, along with their properties and performance, to help readers quickly locate the information they are looking for. Based on this review, several challenges hindering the maturation of this technology are analyzed in depth, and possible research directions for overcoming these challenges are suggested.     

废水微电解处理反应材料研究

研究了在微电解过程中不同反应材料与电位接触材料组合的电化学特征,并讨论了反应材料和接触材料的选择等有关问题。结果表明,加入高电位的阴极性材料与反应材料接触,可增大反应材料的溶解速度达10－50倍,从而使处理废水的微电池效率显著提高。     

功能性木质炭素新材料的研究与开发

木质炭化物的高效开发利厢．对解决废弃物资源化、环保、生态环境等问题将起到十分积极的作用。通过述评功能性本质炭索新材料的国内外研究和开发进展．涉及到木质炭素材料吸着特性的研究概况、木质炭化物在环境净化方面的应用、木质系炭素新材料的研发、性能和应用等方面一着重介绍了一些木质系炭素新材料：木陶瓷、木质吸油材料、高电导性材料、保健材料、土壤改良材料、二氧化钛／炭复合材料、烧结炭等：同时对其副产物木醋液的应用领域，如在食品添加剂、消臭剂、医药、农业等方面的应用也做了一些梗慨。由此町看出：木质炭化物新利用，高功能化的研发可使占老的木炭衍化为新颖的功能性材料，从而产生更高的经济、社会和生态效益。     

Chirality in metals: an asymmetrical journey among advanced functional materials

Chirality is a property of matter which manifests at any length scale and can equally appear as quantum phenomena and in three-dimensional macroscopic structures. However, while chirality can be easily achieved by removing the inversion symmetry operation in hexagonal or tetragonal metal structures, chirality in metals is an unusual and barely developed phenomenon. Nevertheless, chirality can greatly alter mechanical and functional features of materials, making them suitable for catalysis, optics, electromagnetism, thermoelectricity and superconductivity; properties strictly dependent on the anisotropy of the crystal and on the direction of the applied force. This review aims to extend the definition of chirality to describe nanoclusters, metal surfaces and crystals and to provide an interdisciplinary overview on how symmetry can affect their properties.

This review was submitted as part of the 2016 Materials Literature Review Prize of the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining run by the Editorial Board of MST. Sponsorship of the prize by TWI Ltd is gratefully acknowledged.     

Application of Fe-based metallic glasses in wastewater treatment

This work pioneered the use of the Fe₇₈Si₉B₁₃ metallic glass ribbons in wastewater treatment. Fe₇₈Si₉B₁₃ metallic glass was employed to remediate wastewater contaminated with a mixture of organic dyes. The removal rate of chemical oxygen demand (COD) with Fe₇₈Si₉B₁₃ metallic glass and metallic Fe⁰ was up to 23 ± 0.93% in 30 min and 21 ± 0.67% with in 45 min, respectively. The dosage of Fe-based metallic glass was only 1/25 of that of metallic Fe⁰ to obtain equivalent effects. The mechanism of wastewater treatment through Fe-based metallic glasses is discussed.     

废水处理中膜生物反应器的研究进展

膜生物反应器作为一种新型高效的生物处理技术和绿色技术,在水处理领域中得到了广泛的应用.综述了膜生物反应器在全世界的研究现状,膜生物反应器的构型、好氧膜生物反应器和厌氧膜生物反应器及应用情况,膜污染控制技术.探讨和展望了膜生物反应器的应用前景,指出了今后的研究方向.     

Fenton's peroxidation and coagulation processes for the treatment of combined industrial and domestic wastewater

As a consequence of the population growth, major efforts have been made by the Egyptian government to construct new industrial areas. Tenth of Ramadan City is one of the most important industrial cities in Egypt. The wastewater generated from various industrial activities was highly contaminated with organic matters as indicated by COD (1750-3323 mg/L), TSS (900-3000 mg/L) and oil and grease (13.2-95.5 mg/L). All overall appraisals of the analytical data from the industrial wastewater indicate that pretreatment is required for all industrial sectors to achieve compliance with the Egyptian Environmental law which requires effective pretreatment of industrial wastewater prior to its discharge into public sewers. Treatability studies via conventional and Fenton processes have been investigated. The efficiency of conventional treatment methods led to 63% COD and 44% color removal by using FeCl(3) as coagulant. Various coagulant aids and powdered activated carbon (PAC) were added to 400mg/L FeCl(3) in order to enhance the removal of color. It was found that polyacrylamide polymer, bentonite and PAC increased the efficiency of the treatments where the color removal increased to 79%, by cationic polymer, 73% by anionic polymer, 84.5% by bentonite and 95% for 0.4 g/L PAC. Fenton process was investigated which under the operating conditions (pH 3.0+/-0.2, Fe(2+) dose=400 mg/L and H(2)O(2)=550 mg/L), color removal up to 100% and more than 90% of COD removal were achieved.     

Degradation characteristics of secondary effluent of domestic wastewater by combined process of ozonation and biofiltration

The performance of the combined process of ozonation and biofiltration was studied for treating the secondary effluent from sewage treatment plant. It was found that COD, NH(3)-N, and TOC were removed from 40-52, 10-19, and 9-13 mg/L in the raw water to 18-23, 0.5-1.5, and 7-8.5 mg/L in the effluent water (removal efficiency were 58, 89, and 25%, respectively), respectively, with an ozone dose of 10 mg/L (0.7-1.1 mg O(3)/(mg TOC) and 0.2-0.25 mg O(3)/(mg COD)), and contacting time of 4 min. Under the operation conditions, ozonation enhanced the biodegradability of the organics in the secondary effluent, as illustrated by increasing biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) value from 0.8-1.1 mg/L in the raw water to the 2.0-2.7 mg/L in the effluent water. Meanwhile, the percentage of the organics with molecular size less than 1k Da in the secondary effluent increased from 52.9 to 72.6%. The experimental results supported the expectation that the combined process of O(3)/Biofiltration might enhance the overall treatment efficiency of secondary effluent treatment.     

Sorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on electrospun nanofibrous membranes: sorption kinetics and mechanism

Five types of nanofibrous membranes were prepared by electrospinning poly(?-caprolactone) (PCL), poly(d,l-lactide) (PDLLA), poly(lactide-co-caprolactone) (P(LA/CL)), poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PDLGA) and methoxy polyethylene glycol-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (MPEG-PLGA), respectively. These electrospun nanofibrous membranes (ENFMs) were used to adsorb anthracene (ANT), benz[a]anthracene (BaA) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) from aqueous solution, and the sorption kinetics and isotherms of these PAHs on the five ENFMs were investigated. The pseudo-second-order model (PSOM) can well describe the sorption kinetics of the three PAHs on five ENFMs, and the partition-adsorption model (PAM) can interpret the sorption processes of PAHs on the ENFMs. PCL ENFMs, which had the largest surface areas (8.57 m² g⁻¹), exhibited excellent sorption capacity for ANT at over 4112.3 ± 35.5 μg g⁻¹. Moreover, the hydrophobicity and pore volume of ENFMs significantly affected the sorption kinetics and sorption capacity of the PAHs. The main sorption mechanisms of three PAHs on the PDLLA ENFMs included hydrophobic interactions and pore-filling, while those of PCL, P(LA/CL) and PDLGA ENFMs were dominated by the hydrophobic interactions. The sorption mechanisms of MPEG-PLGA ENFMs primarily included pore-filling, hydrogen bonding interactions and hydrophobic interactions. Additionally, π-π bonding interaction was also deduced to be involved in all of ENFMs sorption systems.     

气体分离复合膜制备中材料匹配和孔渗现象的研究

介绍了气体分离复合膜的基本构型、制备方法及近期的发展，阐述了制备气体分离复合膜时遇到的两个问题；材料匹配和孔渗现象。模拟计算了孔渗对复合膜分离性能的影响，并对如何防止孔渗现象的发生进行了讨论。     

MBR在石化工业区综合污水处理中的应用

膜生物反应器是将膜分离技术与传统生化处理技术相结合的一种新型、高效的污水处理方法,具有出水水质好、设备占地面积小、活性污泥浓度高、剩余污泥量少等特点.通过对某污水处理厂选用MBR工艺处理石化区综合污水的成功运行进行分析和讨论,既指出此工艺的优势也对其存在的问题进行了分析.     

Ozone and membrane filtration based strategies for the treatment of cork processing wastewaters

The degradation of the pollutant organic matter present in the cork processing wastewater was studied by combining chemical treatments, which used ozone and some Advanced Oxidation Processes, and membrane filtration procedures. Two schemes were conducted: firstly, a single ozonation stage followed by an UF stage; and secondly, a membrane filtration stage, using different MF and UF membranes, followed by a chemical oxidation stage, where ozone, UV radiation, and the AOPs constituted by ozone plus UV radiation and ozone plus hydrogen peroxide, were used. The membrane filtration stages were carried out in tangential filtration laboratory equipment, and the membranes used were two MF membranes with pores sizes of 0.65 and 0.1microm, and three UF membranes with molecular weights cut-off of 300, 10, and 5kDa. The effectiveness of the different stages (conversions in the chemical procedures and rejection coefficients in the membrane processes) were evaluated in terms of several parameters which measure the global pollutant content of the wastewater: COD, absorbance at 254nm, tannins content, color, and ellagic acid. In the ozonation/UF combined process the following removals were achieved: 100% for ellagic acid and color, 90% for absorbance at 254nm, more than 80% for tannins, and 42-57% for COD reduction. In the filtration/chemical oxidation combined process, 100% elimination of ellagic acid, more than 90% elimination in color, absorbance at 254nm and tannins, and removal higher than 80% in COD were reached, which indicates a greater purification power of this combination.     

膜-生物反应器的研究及其在废水处理中的应用

综述了废水处理领域中的膜-生物反应器的基本特点、应用现状、存在的问题以及国内外研究的进展；重点阐述了膜-生物反应器运行工艺、新型膜材料与器件以及影响膜污染形成的因素与防治措施；并对今后的研究方向进行了展望．     

陶瓷膜-生物反应器中微生物载体的应用研究

在陶瓷膜 -生物反应器处理生活污水中引入微生物固定化技术 ,选用两种载体来固定培养微生物 ,比较了不同载体、不同孔径下的膜通量和出水水质等指标 .在操作压差 0 .1MPa,流速 2 .8m/s时 ,膜通量为 1 1 0～ 1 5 0L/(m2 ·h) ,进出水COD的去除率在 90 %以上 .     

粉煤灰陶粒在污水处理中的应用进展

粉煤灰陶粒是由粉煤灰为主要原料，掺加少量粘结剂和固体燃料，经混合、成球、高温焙烧而成。由于其比表面积大、表面能高，且内部存在着铝、硅氧化物等活性点，具有良好的吸附性能，并且易于再生，便于重复利用，因此粉煤灰陶粒是一种廉价的吸附剂。综述了粉煤灰陶粒用作水处理滤料以及其在含金属离子的废水、腐殖废水、含磷废水、含氟废水、含油废水处理中的应用，并对今后的研究方向进行了展望。     

集成膜分离技术在污(废)水深度处理中的研究进展

介绍由集成膜分离技术在污(废)水深度处理及回用中的研究情况,并指出膜技术今后的研究方向.