一种提高原料油雾化效果方法的研究与探讨

炭黑性质主要体现在粒径、结构度、表面活性3个方面,化学性能指标主要有吸碘值、吸油值、着色强度、氮吸附比表面积等.这些指标影响着胶料门尼粘度、流变性能、Payne效应、力学性能、生热性、耐热性、耐磨性和炭黑分散性等性能.本文以硬质炭黑N234为例,对原料油枪喷嘴形式改进,研究提高雾化对炭黑结构、着色强度、转化率的影响.     

乙炔炭黑填充VMQ/EPDM共混导电橡胶的流变性能和结构分析

用孟山都流交仪测定了不同共混比的甲基乙烯基硅橡胶（ＶＭＱ）／ＥＰＤＭ共混混炼胶的流变性能；用网笼法测定了炭黑在共混体系两相中的比例；研究了薄通次数对共混硫化胶体积电阻率的影响；用透射电镜观察了硫化胶的形态。根据试验结果得出：适当并用比和炭黑填充量的ＶＭＱ／ＥＰＤＭ共混硫化胶具有高导电性的原因是：两相粘度相差较大，共混体系为明显的“海－岛”结构，而且炭黑在共混体系两相中的浓度不同；具有高导电性及其加工稳定性的ＶＭＱ／ＥＰＤＭ共混导电橡胶的最佳并用比例为８０／２０—７０／３０。     

聚烯烃弹性体的流变性能

研究了加工温度、辛烯含量和炭黑填充量对用茂金属催化剂合成的聚烯烃弹性体（ Ｐ Ｏ Ｅｓ） 流变性能的影响。结果表明, Ｐ Ｏ Ｅｓ 的流变指数小于１ ,属于切力变稀的假塑性流体,提高剪切速率,切敏性增强。 Ｐ Ｏ Ｅｓ 的粘度对温度变化不敏感,但随着剪切速率增加,粘度显著下降,表现出良好的切敏性。辛烯含量高时,切敏性强。     

弱凝胶体系高温高压流变性能研究

本文探索了压力、温度对弱凝胶体系流体性能的影响,研究了弱凝胶体系在高温高压状态下的流变性能。研究表明:压力、温度对弱凝胶体系的粘度均有影响,体系粘度随压力的增大而升高,随温度的增高而降低,在两个因素的影响中温度的影响占主要因素,压力的影响占次要因素。在体系成胶时间方面,只受温度影响,不受压力影响。弱凝胶体系的流变性能在高温高压状态下与在高温常压状态下差异不大。     

HDPE抗静电复合材料性能的研究

本文介绍通过在ＨＤＰＥ中添加经表面处理的高导电炭黑，制备炭黑／ＨＤＰＥ抗静电复合材料，研究了炭黑含量对炭黑／ＨＤＰＥ抗静电性能、拉伸和流变性能的影响。由于采用高导电炭黑为导电填料，炭黑的加入量（质量分数）为１０％～１５％时，就能制得具有抗静电性能的复合材料；由于对炭黑进行了表面处理，改善了炭黑与ＨＤＰＥ的相容性，使所制复合材料的拉伸强度下降较少，材料呈假塑性流体特征，非牛顿粘度随炭黑含量提高有一定程度的升高，但材料的非牛顿性变化不大。     

溶剂型流变助剂的防沉性能及对体系粘度的影响

介绍了涂料用流变助剂的种类、性能及作用。通过对易分散型有机膨润土流变助剂的应用实例,进一步验证了流变助剂对涂料的防沉性能和体系粘度的影响。     

纤维素溶液在PF／DMSO溶剂体系流变性能的研究

研究了棉浆和木浆溶解于PF／DMSO溶剂体系所得溶液的流变性能，如纤维素含量、温度的改变对非牛顿指数、结构粘度、零切粘度等流变参数的影响。两种溶液的粘流活化能均高于粘胶溶液，棉浆的反应性能优于木浆。     

填充聚合物的流变行为的探讨

对填充聚合物体系:炭黑填充聚合物,无机物质填充聚合物,纤维填充聚合物的流变行为分别进行了讨论。初步探讨了影响填充聚合物流变性能的因素,并对其流变特性和粘弹性质作了简要概括。     

不同品种炭黑混炼胶的加工流变性能研究

研究不同品种炭黑混炼胶在不同测试条件下的加工流变性能。结果表明：炭黑N550的混炼加工性能好,炭黑N134混炼时更易聚集,分散差;混炼胶的门尼粘度和结合橡胶含量随着炭黑结构的增高和比表面积的增大而增大,与炭黑CDBP吸油值的相关性好,相关因数均为0.95;混炼胶的Payne效应与炭黑比表面积和应力松弛面积的相关性好,相关因数均为0.98;混炼胶的挤出胀大比受混炼胶中结合橡胶和包容胶含量的双重影响。     

塑料着色过程中加工流变性能的研究

通过双螺杆挤出工艺制备了不同配方的炭黑母料。研究了炭黑的添加、 聚乙烯的用量以及剪切速率对聚乙烯加工系流变性能的影响。结果表明，通过流变性能的变化规律可以研究炭黑在聚乙烯中的分散情况，在剪切过程中，聚乙烯熔体的剪切应力越大，炭墨在其中的分散性能越好。     

LDPE／炭黑复合导电材料性能的研究

总结了１８２批西洋参的鉴别检验，其结果显示外观性状鉴别与薄层色谱鉴别结果相符率为９４．０％。因此西洋参真伪鉴别检验每批样品除进行状检验外还必须做薄层分析，以防止白参掺入或下错结论。     

聚脲多元醇的合成研究

在实验室以间歇法制备了聚脲多元醇,在反应体系中加入分散剂S,研究分散剂S对体系粘度、固含量、贮存稳定性的影响,发现分散剂的加入有利于降低反应体系和产品的粘度,提高聚脲多元醇的固含量和稳定性。采用FTIR、DSC、粒径分布仪、TEM等手段分析了聚脲分散体的结构、热性能、分散性及形态。     

Influence of the method of mixing of pigments with a polymer on the structure and properties of polyurethane compositions

The effect of the nature of pigments and the method of their addition on the properties of polyurethanes based on diphenylmethane diisocyanate and polyester is studied. Technical carbon black and titanium dioxide, which are added to a polyurethane composition in the presence of surfactants, are used as pigments. It is established that, upon the addition of pigments, the viscosity changes nonmonotonically, maximal values of viscosity being observed at a 20% concentration of technical carbon black. Optimal concentration of surface-active substances is found whose magnitude for technical carbon black is 0.25–0.5%. With an increase in surfactant concentration, they act as plasticizers abruptly lowering the intermolecular interaction. The effect of different surfactants on the rheological properties of polyurethane compositions is studied. It is shown that the addition of pigments makes it possible to enhance mechanical properties and to decrease internal stresses in films.     

Effect of bound rubber on characteristics of highly filled styrene–butadiene rubber compounds with different types of carbon black

Viscosity and cure time of a filled rubber compound having an accelerated sulfur cure system are affected by types and contents of the rubber and the filler as well as of the curatives. Bound rubber content is used as level of the reinforcement. Influence of bound rubber on viscosity and cure time of a rubber compound was studied using highly filled styrene–butadiene rubber compounds with carbon black having different structures. The bound rubber content increases with increase of the carbon black content and also increases as the carbon black structure is developed. The Mooney viscosity increases linearly with increase of the bound rubber content irrespective of the carbon black structure when the primary particle size of carbon black is nearly the same. The Mooney scorch time decreases linearly with increase of the bound rubber content irrespective of the carbon black structure. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 1001–1006, 2004     

Die extrusion behavior of carbon black-filled block copolymer thermoplastic elastomers

The properties of carbon black-filled thermoplastic elastomers were studied. We compared the extrudate swell behavior and the rheological properties of carbon black-filled polymers with those of raw polymers. The shear viscosity increases with increasing amount of carbon black. The extrudate swell becomes smaller with increasing carbon black amount, indicated by the decreased elasticity of the material when adding carbon black. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Synergistic effects of multiple carbon fillers on the rheology of liquid crystal polymer based resins

Adding conductive carbon fillers to insulating thermoplastic resin increases composite electrical and thermal conductivity. Often, as much of a single type of carbon filler is added to achieve the desired conductivity, while still allowing the material to be molded into a bipolar plate for a fuel cell. In this study, varying amounts of three different carbons (carbon black, synthetic graphite particles, and carbon fiber) were added to Vectra A950RX liquid crystal polymer. The rheology of resulting single filler composites was tested. In addition, the rheological properties of composites containing combinations of two different carbon fillers were studied via a factorial design. In all cases, viscosity increased with increasing filler volume fraction for all shear rates. Over the range of shear rates studied, the viscosity followed a shear‐thinning power law model. The factorial design results indicated that each of the single fillers and all of the two filler combinations caused a statistically significant increase in composite viscosity at a shear rate of 1,000 s⁻¹. The composites containing carbon black and synthetic graphite caused the largest increase in viscosity. It is possible that the highly branched, high surface area structure of carbon black ‘links’ with the synthetic graphite particles, which results in increased composite viscosity. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers.     

Oligomeric Composition of Polyols From Fatty Acid Methyl Ester: The Effect of Ring‐Opening Reactants of Epoxide Groups

Commercial availability of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) from palm oil targeted for biodiesel offers a good feedstock for the production of structurally well‐defined polyols for polyurethane applications. The effect of molecular weight (MW), odd and even carbon numbers, and the linear and branched structure reactants used in the ring‐opening reaction of epoxidized fatty acid methyl ester (E‐FAME) on the properties of polyols was investigated. Conversions of E‐FAME to PolyFAME polyols were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared analysis, oxirane oxygen content, and hydroxyl number. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) calibrated against polyether polyols as a standard and vapor pressure osmometry were used for MW determination. GPC chromatograms of PolyFAME polyols clearly demonstrated the formation of oligomers during ring‐opening reactions. MW, and odd and even carbon numbers in a structure of linear diols and branched diol used in the syntheses of PolyFAME polyols did not have an effect on crystallinity, glass transition, or melt temperatures measured using Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). PolyFAME polyols ring‐opened with water, methanol, and 1,2‐propanediol contained secondary hydroxyl groups, whereas PolyFAME polyols ring‐opened with linear diols contained a mixture of primary and secondary hydroxyl groups. It was found that the concentration of primary hydroxyl groups increased significantly by increasing the number of carbons from C2 to C3 in the linear diols. The viscosity of PolyFAME polyols also increased with the MW of linear diols used in the E‐FAME ring‐opening reaction. These findings would be beneficial for formulators in choosing the most cost effective polyols for polyurethane formulations.     

The physical and mechanical properties of polyurethanes from oleic acid polyols

Three different polyester polyols, with various oleic acid content, were used in the preparation of polyurethane (PUR) coatings. The polyols were designated as Alk28, Alk40, and Alk65, in which 28, 40, and 65 represent the percentage of oleic acid of the polyol formulations. These polyester polyols were reacted with aromatic diisocyanate [toluene diisocyanate (TDI)] to form PUR coatings. The acid value, hydroxyl value, molecular weight, and viscosity of the polyols have been determined. The reaction between the polyols and TDI was studied by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The effects of varying NCO/OH ratio and oleic acid content of polyols on physical and mechanical properties of PUR films were studied. XRD results indicate that the samples are amorphous. PURs, made with Alk28, have the best mechanical properties followed by Alk40 and Alk65. The mechanical properties of the samples have increased as the NCO/OH ratio was increased from 1.2 to 1.6. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Carbon black‐reinforced dynamically cured EPDM/PP thermoplastic elastomers. I. Morphology,rheology, and dynamic mechanical properties

The structure development, rheological behavior, and viscoelastic properties of carbon black‐filled dynamically vulcanized thermoplastic elastomers based on the ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymer (EPDM) and polypropylene (PP) with the ratio range of 50/50 to 80/20 were studied and compared with similar but unfilled samples. Two‐phase morphology was observed at all ratios for the dynamically cured samples in which rubber particles are dispersed in the thermoplastic matrix. Carbon black distribution in each phase and damping behavior was found to be dependent upon the mixing condition and route of carbon black feeding. However, carbon black tends to stay mainly in the rubber phase, which leads to increase in the viscosity difference and, therefore, increase in the rubber particle size. Tensile strength and rupture energy increased with carbon black loading. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 75: 1127–1137, 2000