PCBN刀具切削镍基高温合金刀具磨损的试验研究

通过PCBN刀具对镍基高温合金GH4169进行了车削试验,深入研究了切削时的刀具磨损形态及磨损原因,得出如下结论:通过试验观察看出刀具的磨损形态有前刀面磨损、后刀面磨损、沟槽磨损和刀具破损。其中沟槽磨损最为显著,是刀具失效的主要原因。沟槽磨损的产生原因主要有粘结磨损、扩散磨损和塑性侧流产生的切屑毛刺划擦作用,其中粘结磨损为磨损前期的主要原因,而扩散磨损是磨损后期的主要原因。     

CN35硬质合金涂层刀具高速车削淬硬钢的磨损与破损形态

借助于扫描电镜照片和能谱分析,对高速车削淬硬45钢时CN35硬质合金涂层刀具的失效形态及其机理进行了观察和分析。结果显示,在高速切削条件下,涂层刀具的失效形态主要分为破损与磨损两种,刀具正常磨损失效过程仍然遵循常规切削条件下三个阶段的程序。刀具破损失效发生在低速切削阶段,且随着切削速度的提高,破损部位由后刀面转移到前刀面;高速切削时,刀具失效形式倾向于后刀面磨损、边界磨损和切削刃斜面磨损,因高热、粘结、疲劳、氧化、扩散和热裂等原因造成刀具切削功能丧失。     

硬质合金刀具高速车铣和铣削TC4钛合金磨损试验对比

采用H13A未涂层硬质合金刀具对TC4钛合金进行高速正交车铣和铣削试验,并从刀具磨损破损形态、磨损机理及其寿命等方面进行对比分析。研究表明:高速正交车铣和铣削钛合金时,前、后刀面主要以粘结磨损为主,车铣加工时在切削刃口易形成积屑瘤及连续切屑,但对刀具材料粘结较轻;高速铣削时,对刀具材料粘接较重,在前刀面刃口附近形成凹坑及崩刃;后刀面最大磨损的位置不相同。试验对比了相同切削条件时刀具使用寿命,结果表明采用正交车铣加工可以获得更长的刀具使用寿命。     

用于难加工材料高效切削异面涂层刀具的研制

针对切削难加工材料时刀具前后刀面磨损机理不同、刀具寿命较短的问题,提出了在刀具前后刀面分别制备不同性能涂层的新方法,并对制备的异面涂层刀具进行了切削性能试验。首先对切削难加工材料时刀具磨损机理进行了研究,结果表明,刀具前刀面易于发生粘结磨损,后刀面易于发生磨粒磨损;然后,通过多弧离子镀方法,在前刀面制备了抗粘结能力强的Al Cr N多元涂层,在后刀面上制备了抗磨粒磨损能力强的Ti CN涂层。最后,对制备好的刀具进行了切削性能测试,结果表明,异面涂层能显著提高刀具的综合力学性能。     

涂层刀具切削铁基粉末冶金复合材料时的磨损机理

研究了切削NbC颗粒增强铁基粉末冶金复合材料时的刀具磨损性能及其机理.研究表明,涂层刀具的耐磨性稍优于超细晶粒及普通硬质合金刀具,涂层刀具前刀面主要发生磨粒磨损,由此引起涂层的剥落和前刀面月牙洼的形成,最终导致刀尖部位产生崩刃,而后刀面磨损主要由磨粒磨损引起.此外,加工过程中刀具还会产生轻微粘结磨损.     

高速切削Inconel 718刀具磨损形态和机理分析

利用涂层硬质合金刀具对Inconel 718进行了高速干切削试验,采用扫描电子显微镜SEM和能量分散光谱EDS扫描,对不同切削参数下刀具的损坏形态和损坏机理进行了研究。分析结果表明刀具损坏形式主要有前刀面磨损、后刀面磨损、剥落和崩刃。刀具损坏机理主要是粘结磨损、磨粒磨损、氧化磨损和扩散磨损等。     

硬质合金刀具YT15切削铸铁MT-4的磨损研究

通过切削试验,研究了硬质合金刀具加工耐磨铸铁MT-4时刀具的磨损形态及磨损机理。对刀具磨损区微观形貌的检测分析结果表明:硬质合金刀具的磨损形态主要表现为前刀面磨损和后刀面磨损,造成刀具磨损的主要原因是粘结磨损和扩散、氧化磨损。     

车削Ti_2AlNb金属间化合物刀片磨损形态及原因分析

采用不同刀尖圆弧半径的涂层硬质合金刀片对Ti_2AlNb金属间化合物材料进行车削试验研究,用扫描电子显微镜SEM观察刀片磨损形貌,通过能量分散光谱EDS分析刀片表面的元素分布及含量,并对刀片磨损形态和失效原因进行分析。研究结果表明:切削Ti_2AlNb过程中,涂层硬质合金刀片磨损形态为前刀面磨损、后刀面磨损、沟槽磨损和崩刃以及涂层剥落等;增大刀尖圆角有利于提高刀片寿命,并且小刀尖半径硬质合金刀片以沟槽磨损为主,大刀尖半径硬质合金刀片以后刀面磨损为主;沟槽磨损主要原因是粘结磨损、氧化磨损、扩散磨损以及疲劳破坏;沟槽磨损初期以粘结磨损、氧化磨损为主,中后期以扩散磨损以及疲劳破坏为主;后刀面磨损主要原因是磨粒磨损和粘结磨损。     

高速铣削AISI 4340合金结构钢时涂层刀具磨损机理研究

针对AISI 4340合金结构钢难加工的特点,选用PVD硬质合金涂层刀具进行高速干铣削试验,选用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察失效刀具表面的磨损形貌特征,选用能谱分析仪(EDS)分析磨损刀具表面的元素分布及含量,揭示刀具的磨损机理。研究结果表明:刀具寿命与切削参数选取有关,随着切削速度的增加,刀具磨损加快,刀具寿命降低。硬质合金涂层刀具的主要磨损形式是前刀面磨损和后刀面磨损,前刀面磨损机理主要是粘结磨损、涂层剥落、切削刃微崩刃;后刀面磨损机理主要是磨粒磨损、粘结磨损、扩散磨损、微裂纹。     

PCD刀具切削颗粒增强铝基复合材料时刀具磨损研究

通过高颗粒含量铝基复合材料切削加工时PCD刀具的磨损试验,研究了切削该种材料时PCD刀具的磨损形态及磨损机理。刀具磨损区微观形貌的检测分析结果表明,PCD刀具的磨损形态主要表现为前刀面磨损和后刀面磨损,造成刀具磨损的主要原因是磨料磨损和粘结磨损。采用超声波振动切削技术可减小刀具磨损。     

Wear mechanism of the loose layer on the rake face of a new cemented carbide micro groove turning tool

The loose layer can appear on the rake face of a turning tool under certain cutting conditions and have an important influence on the rake face wear. In this paper, wear morphology and wear mechanism of loose layer on the rake face of the original turning tool and the new cemented carbide micro groove turning tool developed independently during the cutting process are studied, by the combination of theoretical analysis and cutting test. And the relationships between the diffusion wear and the adhesive wear of the loose layer on the rake face of the new micro groove turning tool are further analyzed and revealed. The research results show that the loose layer on the rake face of two turning tools is caused by the diffusion wear, which is formed by the brittleness-weakening of tool material in the region resulting from elements diffusion. Meanwhile, the wear degree of the rake face of tools is aggravated by the mutual promotion of diffusion wear and adhesive wear. In the normal wear stage, the degree of looseness and brittleness of the rake face of the original turning tool is greater than the one of the micro groove turning tool. In the severe wear stage, cobalt elements in the rake face of the two turning tools are dissolved and diffused in varying degrees, which further aggravates the brittle-weakening of materials in the region. But the degree of loose brittleness of the rake face of the original turning tool is still greater than the one of the micro groove turning tool. It can be concluded that the micro groove on the rake face of the new turning tool can improve the rake face wear to a certain extent.     

Edge chipping mechanism and failure time prediction on carbide cemented tool during drilling of CFRP/Ti stack

To investigate the edge chipping during drilling of the CFRP/Ti stack with carbide cemented tools, a drilling experiment was carried out and a tool failure model was proposed. Thrust force, drilling temperature, and tool wear were analyzed. A tool stressing model and a tool failure model of edge chipping were constructed respectively. On the basis of these, the prediction model on the edge chipping was established to forecast the failure time. Drilling temperature, Vickers hardness, and cutting speed were considered during the prediction model building. The results demonstrate that adhesive wear has a great influence on the edge chipping. The damage of adhesive wear for tool rake face leads to the load variation on rake face and the initial crack. Under the action of shear stress, the crack starts at rake face and then expands to the flank face, resulting in tool edge chipping. The affinity interaction (between titanium alloy with carbide cemented) and the thermal residual stress are two critical factors for tool edge chipping. Tear easily occurs inside the binding phase or at the boundary between hard phase and binder phase. As the drilling temperature increases, the hardness of the carbide cemented will gradually decrease. The prediction result of failure time is similar to the experimental result, and the effectiveness of the prediction model is verified.     

高速车削钛合金时PCBN刀具寿命的研究

采用对角正交回归试验法,研究了用PCBN刀具高速车削钛合金TC4时切削用量对刀具寿命的影响,并分析工件已加工表面粗糙度。通过扫描电镜观察分析,证实刀具的磨损机理主要是前后刀面的粘结磨损及氧化磨损、后刀面磨损以及切削深度线处的沟槽磨损。     

PCD和硬质合金刀具车削钛基复合材料时刀具磨损特征研究

以原位生成晶须和颗粒混合增强钛基复合材料为车削对象,在切削速度为60~120m/min的条件下,对聚晶金刚石（PCD）和硬质合金刀具开展了车削性能试验研究。研究表明,PCD刀具的切削力为硬质合金刀具的77%～88%,其切削温度为硬质合金刀具的65%～82%。无论是高速切削,还是低速切削,PCD刀具都经历初期剧烈磨损而后稳定磨损的过程,而硬质合金刀具仅有急剧磨损的过程。刀具磨损特征方面,PCD刀具主要发生磨粒磨损和黏结磨损,硬质合金刀具主要发生月牙洼磨损、黏结磨损和扩散磨损。     

硬质合金切槽车刀性能分析

运用有限元方法对钛合金环槽车削过程进行数值模拟计算,得到硬质合金切槽车刀表面的温度,并应用Usui磨损理论计算刀具磨损速率。通过改变切削速度和进给量,获得不同工艺参数下刀具最高温度及刀具前刀面磨损速率。对环槽车削过程的热力耦合模拟结果进行分析,获得刀具切削过程中的温度及磨损速率的变化规律。结果表明,刀具温度和刀具前刀面磨损速率与工艺参数之间存在密切关系,合理选择工艺参数能有效提高硬质合金切槽车刀的性能。     

Tool wear and its effect on surface roughness in diamond cutting of glass soda-lime

For the technology of diamond cutting of optical glass, the high tool wear rate is a main reason for hindering the practical application of this technology. Many researches on diamond tool wear in glass cutting rest on wear phenomenon describing simply without analyzing the genesis of wear phenomenon and interpreting the formation process of tool wear in mechanics. For in depth understanding of the tool wear and its effect on surface roughness in diamond cutting of glass, experiments of diamond turning with cutting distance increasing gradually are carried out on soda-lime glass. The wear morphology of rake face and flank face, the corresponding surface features of workpiece and the surface roughness, and the material compositions of flank wear area are detected. Experimental results indicate that the flank wear is predominant in diamond cutting glass and the flank wear land is characterized by micro-grooves, some smooth crater on the rake face is also seen. The surface roughness begins to increase rapidly, when the cutting mode changes from ductile to brittle for the aggravation of tool wear with the cutting distance over 150 m. The main mechanisms of inducing tool wear in diamond cutting of glass are diffusion, mechanical friction, thermo-chemical action and abrasive wear. The proposed research makes analysis and research from wear mechanism on the tool wear and its effect on surface roughness in diamond cutting of glass, and provides theoretical basis for minimizing the tool wear in diamond cutting brittle materials, such as optical glass.