硝酸异辛酯酸度测定方法探讨

比较了测定方法、指示剂、指示剂灵敏度对硝酸异辛酯酸度测定结果的影响,试验结果表明,以沸腾乙醇为抽提溶剂,碱性蓝6B为指示剂测定终点颜色变化较酚酞、甲基红明显,易于观察;测定结果更准确;不同厂家碱性蓝6B指示剂灵敏度会有差异,灵敏度差测定结果偏高,灵敏度差的指示剂经过处理后可以得到较准确地测定结果。     

β-环糊精硝酸酯的制备与分离

采用正交试验的方法研究了在不同硝化工艺条件下,制得β-环糊精硝酸酯的情况.利用薄层色谱对β-环糊精硝酸酯纯度进行了检测,采用柱色谱对其混合物进行了分离得到了五种不同羟基取代个数的β-环糊精硝酸酯.另外采用红外吸收和元素分析的方法对产物的性能进行了表征.     

硝酸酯火药安全贮存寿命的预估方法和结果

介绍了热加速老化试验预估火药安全贮存寿命的方法原理。对硝酸酯火药进行不同温度（95,90,85,75和65℃）的热加速老化。以有效安定剂消耗一半所需时间（τ）作为安全贮存寿命的临界点,对不同温度（t）下的τ值,用线性最小二乘法按Bethelot方程进行线性回归,预测了硝酸酯火药在常温（30℃）下的安全贮存寿命。收集了80余种硝酸酯火药安全贮存寿命的预估结果。结果发现,一般单基、双基、三基发射药和双基推进剂的安全贮存寿命在40a以上,而加入AP、TEGN等成分改性的双基发射药和推进剂安全贮存寿命大多低于40a。比较了4个温度点与5个温度点回归处理结果的差异。提出取消90℃试验,必要时增加55℃试验的建议。根据硝酸酯火药老化分解速率的温度系数和低温试验统计结果,提出单温度（65℃）短周期预测硝酸酯火药安全贮存寿命的简便方法。     

体积排除色谱法测定太安炸药的痕量同系物

本文阐述应用现代的体积排除色谱技术,测定季戊四醇单硝酸酯、季戊四醇三硝酸酯、二季戊四醇六硝酸酯、三季戊四醇八硝酸酯等大安炸药的痕量同系物的定性检测和定量分析方法。     

工业化生产NG/TEGDN混合硝酸酯的硝化及洗涤过程研究

研究了混合硝酸酯硝化甘油(NG)/二缩三乙二醇二硝酸酯(TEGDN)生产工艺中的硝化及洗涤过程,通过硝化试验使硝酸酯溶损最小,最终可降到9%左右。优化硝化过程,保证混合硝酸酯和废酸的分离;通过对混合硝酸酯水溶性研究,确定洗涤参数,优化洗涤过程,使硝酸酯安定性满足要求;溶解在水中的混合硝酸酯可回收再利用。在国内首次采用相关工艺进行NG/TEGDN混合硝酸酯的安全生产。     

体积排除色谱法测定太安炸药的痕量同系物

本文阐述应用现代的体积排除色谱技术,测定季戊四醇单硝酸酯、季戊四醇三硝酸酯、二季戊四醇六硝酸酯、三季戊四醇八硝跨酯等太安炸药的痕量同系物的定性检测和定量分析方法。     

连续测定银电解液中游离硝酸及铜银

介绍了以溴甲酚绿为指示剂,用氢氧化钠滴定游离硝酸,然后在醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲溶液中以EDTA络合滴定铜(Ⅱ),再用铁铵矾为指示剂,在稀硝酸介质中以硫氰酸盐滴定银。方法准确,操作简便。     

硝酸酯对RDX基含铝炸药驱动能力的影响

为了研究硝酸酯对RDX基含铝炸药驱动能力的影响,采用圆筒试验研究了含硝酸酯的RDX基含铝炸药加速圆筒壁膨胀速度和格尼能的变化过程,并与不含硝酸酯的RDX基含铝炸药进行了对比,分析了硝酸酯对炸药能量释放特性及金属驱动能力的影响。结果表明,硝酸酯可改善RDX基含铝炸药的铝氧比,改变其反应速率;在反应初期,含硝酸酯的RDX基炸药加速筒壁的速度低于不含硝酸酯的炸药,而在爆炸反应中后期,含硝酸酯的RDX基炸药加速筒壁的速度以及格尼能均高于不含硝酸酯的炸药;含硝酸酯的RDX基含铝炸药的能量释放特性使其适合用于破片战斗部中,可提高其金属驱动能力。     

硝酸酯基聚醚聚氨酯的老化降解 Ⅱ.非水滴定定量测定降解产物中的胺

以高氯酸－冰乙酸为滴定液，甲基黄－次甲基兰为指示剂，定量测定了硝酸酯基聚醚聚氨酯老化降解产物中的微量胶，证实了胺含量随老化时间增加而增大。芳香族异氰酸酯制成的聚氨酯比脂肪族异氰酸酯的耐老化性能好得多。     

专利文摘

<正>一种评价存在硝酸酯的体系中混合炸药相容性的方法(CN109781571A)湖北航天化学技术研究所在2019年公布的专利中介绍了一种评价存在硝酸酯的体系中混合炸药相容性的方法,它包括将两种或多种炸药试样分别放入样品管中,将盛有试样的样品管放入装有存在硝酸酯的体系的样品池,并用固定板固定好,样品管底部具有过滤结构,将装有样品管的样品池放入高温下观察,试验结束后取出样品池,计算试验前后试样的失重率。完成以上步骤即可有效判定存在硝酸酯的体系中混合炸药的相容性。     

Chemical Kinetics of Detonation in Some Liquid Mixtures

The main objective of this work is to study the chemical kinetics of detonation reactions in some nitroester mixtures and solutions of nitrocompounds in concentrated nitric acid. The main source of information on chemical kinetics in the detonation wave was the experimental dependence of failure diameter on composition of mixtures. Calculations were carried out in terms of classic theory of Dremin using the SGKR computer code. Effective values for the activation energies and pre‐exponential factors for detonation reactions in the mixtures under investigation have been defined.     

GENERAL LINEARIZED MATRIX THEORY OF ELECTROCHEMICAL MASS TRANSFER WITH APPLICATIONS TO ELECTRODE PROCESSES AND ION EXCHANGE

A general linearized matrix theory for electrochemical mass transfer is presented. The accuracy of the theory when applied to cases where electric current exists is tested by comparing results with exact calculations of the effect of ionic migration on limiting currents at a rotating disk electrode with laminar flow and at a flat plate electrode adjacent to a stagnant fluid film. Application of the theory is further illustrated by using it to calculate the effect of ionic migration on limiting currents in a turbulent, law-of-the-wall boundary layer. Finally, the theory is used to evaluate commonly used “film-model” methods for generalizing binary mass-transfer correlations to multicomponent nonideal mixtures. For this last purpose, a film-model generalization method was developed for nonideal electrolyte mixtures. The method is equivalent to that used by Krishnamurthy and Taylor (1985) for mass-transfer in nonideal nonelectrolyte mixtures. Results using the film-model method are compared to matrix calculations of multicomponent ion-exchange mass transfer across a laminar boundary layer and in fixed and fluidized beds.     

Fouling of ultrafiltration membranes: lateral migration and the particle trajectory model

Lateral migration theory is used both to explain the “flux-paradox” problem for colloidal suspensions and as part of the standard filtration theory for calculating permeation flux as a function of time. Particle trajectory analysis is used to model the physics of colloidal fouling in tangential flow ultrafiltration. A method is also suggested on how to incorporate trajectory analysis into the standard filtration theory. The theoretical results are compared with experiments from the literature and from the authors' laboratory.     

食品包装纸中双酚A迁移量突增时温度范围的确定

根据双酚A在波k276nm处有最大吸收峰的性质,利用紫外分光光度法检测食一5^包装纸中双酚A的迁移量,从而得出双酚A迁移量突增时的具体温度范闭。结果表明：（1）髓蓿温度的升高,食品包装纸中双酚A的迁移量逐渐增加;（2）玻璃纸中双酚A迁移髓突增州的温度范围为50-55℃,纸杯和鸩皮纸的为65--70℃,淋膜纸的为70--75℃：（3）牛皮纸的双酚A迁移量虽最高,但术出现突增现象,该检测方法的线性范围为1～50μg／mL,线性相关系数为0．9999,检测限为0．92μg／mL,回收率为96．5％～111．0％,相对标准偏差≤0．57％（n=3）。此方法操作简便、快速,灵敏度和准确度较高。     

Thermal-Gradient-Induced Migration of Bubbles in Molten Glass

Buoyant fining of molten glasses does not occur in a weightless environment. One method suggested for fining is to apply a temperature gradient to cause bubbles to move because of the surface tension temperature dependency. Ground-based experiments were conducted to demonstrate that thermal migration actually occurred in glassmelts and to estimate the magnitude of the effect. Thermal migration, consistent with theory, was found in borax melts, evidencing an approximately linear relation between bubble diameter and bubble velocity for a given temperature and gradient. Other effects, such as near-bubble interaction, were also observed.     

Interaction of fat- containing food with plastics packaging

Packagings for fatty food should protect against light, oxygen, microorganisms, and loss of water vapor and flavor substances. Low off-taste and adequate mechanical stability is required. Pigmented plastics fulfill most of these requirements. Two main effects caused by the interaction of fatty food components with plastic packaging materials are described: stress cracking and migration. A method for characterizing fatty foodstuffs was developed to distinguish between foodstuffs containing free fat available on the surface and those actually having an aqueous surface. The basic types of migration behavior are shown by typical migration curves of an antioxidant from rigid PVC and from HD-PE into test fat. In model experiments, the swelling of the HD-PE as well as the migration of the antioxidant was determined quantitatively as a function of time by means of radiotracer techniques. Based on these results and Fick’s diffusion equations, a theory was developed with which it is possible to describe the migration behavior of antioxidants from polyolefins and PVC quite precisely. It was also possible to solve some problems with HI-PS. This mathematical model permits calculation of the migration at constant temperature as a function of time and concentration of the antioxidant in the polymer. As there is a definite mathematical relationship between the concentration of an additive in the polymer and the migration into test food or actual food, it is recommended that regulations for plastic food packaging are based on compositional limits, rather than migration limits, because of definite advantages in compliance and control. Presented at the ISF-AOCS Congress, New York, April 1980.     

Approximate migration coefficient of interfacial transition zone and the effect of aggregate content on the migration coefficient of mortar

In this study, the electrochemical technique is applied to accelerate chloride ion migration in mortar to estimate its transport properties. In order to investigate the effect of aggregate content on the chloride migration coefficient of mortar, specimens with different fine aggregate volume fractions were cast and tested. The chloride migration coefficient of mortar was determined experimentally as a function of the volume fraction of aggregate. The chloride migration coefficient of mortar is used to assess the dilution, tortuosity and interfacial transition zone (ITZ) effects of aggregate in the cement-based composites. A model modified from the Bruggeman theory for the migration coefficient of mortar is used, and the regression analysis is used to determine the approximate chloride migration coefficient of ITZ. Based on the experimental and regression analytical results, the approximate ITZ migration coefficient is 2.83, 1.76 and 1.55 times of the matrix migration coefficient for the ITZ with the thickness of 20, 40 and 50 μm, respectively.     

两种改善毛细管电泳迁移时间重现性方法的比较

系统比较了迁移时间比法以及迁移时间与电压乘积倒数法对改善毛细管电泳迁移时间重现性效果的差异。选用双黄连口服液作为考察对象,通过对不同电压下实验结果的处理及平行实验结果的处理,发现内标峰位置的选择对两种方法的效果都有影响,以靠近电泳图中部的峰作为内标峰获得的结果较好,并且迁移时间比法优于迁移时间与电压乘积倒数法。用迁移时间比法对不同厂家或批次的双黄连口服液进行了分类比较,获得了较为满意的效果。     

挥发性有机污染物去污过程的数值模型及应用

基于多孔介质渗流力学和溶质运移理论,建立了描述挥发性有机污染物在非饱和土壤中运移的耦合动力学模型,并采用有限差分方法对模型进行数值求解.利用所建立的数值模型对土壤气体抽排状态下甲基叔丁基醚有机污染物的去污过程进行定量化模拟,并与实验测试结果进行对比分析.数值模拟结果表明：在连续抽排条件下污染气体的分布范围和浓度均明显减小,抽排前期对气体浓度分布有较大的影响,且数值模拟结果和实验测试数据吻合较好,可为气体抽排系统工程设计及环境预测评价提供技术支持.     

Relative esterifiability of the primary and secondary hydroxyl groups of glycerol

Summary A method has been devised for determining the relative esterifiability of the primary and secondary hydroxyl groups of glycerol. Contrary to the theory previously advanced by Feuge and Bailey, the primary and secondary hydroxyls are not equally esterifiable. The equilibrium constant favoring esterification of primary hydroxyl over secondary isca. 2.3 at reaction temperature (200°C.) and between 6 and 10 at room temperature. Since the equilibrium constant is substantially different at room temperature from that at reaction temperature, monoglycerides as customarily prepared are not at equilibrium at room temperature and undergo intramolecular migration of acyl groups frombeta toalpha hydroxyl positions. The rate of migration depends on the physical form of the ester and is accelerated by basic catalysts. In the vicinity of room temperature intermolecular rearrangement occurs only over very prolonged periods. The method of calculating relative esterifiability of primary and secondary hydroxyls should be applicable to other polyols. Presented at the 50th annual meeting, American Oil Chemists’ Society, New Orleans, La., April 20–22, 1959.