中长期电力负荷预测研究

为了有效地提高电力负荷的预测精度,针对影响中长期电力负荷多因素间的非线性和不确定性,提出了一种粗糙集(RS)和最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)相结合的中长期电力负荷预测方法.采用粗糙集理论把影响电力负荷的六个因素,属性约简为三个核心属性,减少了LSSVM的输入量,提高了电力负荷预测系统的快速性;粗糙最小二乘支持向量机回归建模,构造RS-LSSVM的电力负荷预测模型,提高预测的精度.最后进行仿真,改进模型应用于某地区的中长期电力负荷的拟合和预测中,采用RS-LSSVM模型,与BP神经网络的拟合预测结果相比,预测误差明显小于BP神经网络,具有更高的预测精度,为中长期的电力系统负荷预测提供了一种新的科学、有效的方法.     

基于PSO-LSSVM的城市时用水量预测

为解决传统最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)采用交叉验证确定参数耗时较长和粒子群(Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO)优化算法早熟收敛的问题,提出一种基于种群活性PSO算法优化LSSVM参数的方法。利用群活性加速度作为多样性测度,当群活性加速下降时,对粒子的位置和速度分别执行进化和变异操作来改进标准PSO算法,然后分析上海市时用水量序列特点及其影响因素,选取影响程度较大的主要因素,将其作为预测模型的输入变量,建立时用水量预测模型;最后采用改进的PSO算法优化LSSVM参数来预测上海市时用水量。实例分析表明,对比文中其他3种模型输入变量组合,选取的预测模型输入变量能够更有效地提高预测精度;与传统LSSVM方法相比,提出的基于改进PSO-LSSVM的时用水量预测方法计算速度更快,预测精度更高。     

基于改进PSO-LSSVM的电采暖短期负荷预测研究

为了提高电采暖短期功率负荷预测的精度、准确性和速度,提出一种改进PSO-LSSVM算法对电采暖的短期负荷功率预测。利用PSO算法对LSSVM进行参数的优化,将得到的最优参数值作为LSSVM参数从而建立改进PSO-LSSVM算法模型。考虑电采暖地区的天气、温度的因素,将新疆某地电采暖负荷历史数据以天气变化、温度差为参考指标经过分解、组合,得到归类组合数据样本,利用改进PSO-LSSVM算法与传统BP、LSSVM预测结果的精度、准确性和速度进行对比。仿真结果表明,改进PSO-LSSVM预测方法的精度和准确性最高、速度相对较快,验证了所提方法的有效性和准确性。改进方法对含高比例电采暖设备的地区电采暖实际短期负荷预测和“煤改电”“气改电”的电采暖工程应用中有借鉴意义。     

智能优化LS-SVM在电力负荷预测中的应用

研究短期电力负荷的准确预测问题对城市供电系统运行的可靠性和经济性很重要。由于电力负荷变化过程受到各种因素的影响,系统非线性较强。传统方法对电力短期负荷预测精度、收敛速度和泛化能力方面不理想。为解决上述问题,提出了一种核函数KPCA和KICA的最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)电力负荷预测方法。首先对采集的含噪信号进行小波包去噪预处理,同时对不同频段的负荷分量进行区别处理以提高预测精度;利用核函数KPCA和KICA分析方法提取数据特征,提高预测模型的泛化能力和预测精度;采用混沌粒子群算法优化LS-SVM参数提高预测模型的收敛速度。实验表明,改进算法在预测精度、泛化能力及收敛速度方面较突出,具有良好的预测效果。     

基于确定性退火聚类的LSSVM短期负荷预测

提出了确定性退火聚类和最小二乘支持向量机(Least square Support Vectormachine.LSSVM)相结合的电力系统短期负荷预测方法.考虑影响负荷变化的各种因素构造负荷样本数据,利用确定性退火聚类算法对样本数据进行分类,得到的分类样本数据作为最小二乘支持向量机的学习样本,保证最小二乘支持向量机具有较高的预测精度.利用某电力公司2007年负荷数据和气象数据进行仿真实验,仿真结果表明该方法具有较高的预测精度.     

基于FCM-LSSVM-GSA空调负荷预测

准确、快速的空调负荷预测是实现空调系统经济运行的基础。为提高空调负荷预测模型的精度以及稳定性,本文提出了一种基于FCM-LSSVM-GSA空调负荷预测方法。根据数据的相似统计分布特征,利用模糊C均值聚类算法(FCM)将历史负荷数据划分成多个簇类,以降低样本数据中相关噪声对建模精度的影响;并根据每个簇类的训练和测试数据集建立相应的最小二乘支持向量机预测模型(LSSVM);通过引入万有引力搜索算法(GSA)优化LSSVM的模型参数,以避免人为选择的盲目性,从而提高模型的预测精度。基于DeST平台模拟数据,将FCM-LSSVM-GSA模型运用于南方某办公大楼的逐时空调负荷预测。通过对比均方根误差(RMSE)和平均绝对百分误差(MAPE),结果表明该模型的预测精度明显优于传统LSSVM模型和简单FCM-LSSVM模型。     

基于PCA-PSO-LSSVM的温室大棚温度预测方法

针对温度预测的精度和效率问题,提出了在主成分分析(PCA)法的条件下,利用粒子群优化(PSO)算法优化最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)的温室大棚温度预测方法.采用PSO算法对LSSVM的模型参数进行优化,并以自动获取的最佳参数组合构建温度与其影响因子间非线性预测模型.利用搭建的温室大棚智能监控系统对人工温室中的6种环境参数进行采集,并利用所测数据对上述模型进行验证.实验结果表明:与PCA-LSSVM预测模型和PSO-LSSVM预测模型相比,所提预测模型预测效果良好.3种模型评价指标均优于其他预测方法.基于PCA-PSO-LSSVM温度预测模型在全局优化及收敛速度方面具有较大优势,具有良好的自学能力和自适应能力,预测精度高.     

自适应变系数粒子群—径向基神经网络模型在负荷预测中的应用

为了提高短期电力负荷预测精度,提出了一种自适应变系数粒子群-径向基函数神经网络混合优化算法(AVCPSO-RBF).实现了径向基神经网络参数优化.建立了基于该优化算法的短期负荷预测模型,利用贵州电网历史数据进行短期负荷预测.仿真表明,该方法的收敛速度和预测精度优于传统径向基神经网络方法和粒子群-RBF神经网络方法及基于混沌理论的神经网络模型,该优化算法克服了径向基神经网络和传统的粒子群优化方法的缺点,改善了径向基神经网络的泛化能力,提高了贵州电网短期负荷预测的精度,各日预测负荷的平均百分比误差可控制在1.7%以内.该算法可有效用于电力系统的短期负荷预测.     

基于灰参数的等时段序列模型对电网的负荷预测

利用基本灰色模型GM(1,1)法对某县1994～2005年的全社会用电量进行预测,结果显示预测精度较低,误差较大。基于此,提出一种电力系统中长期负荷预测的实用方法,即基于灰参数的等时段序列模型预测法。利用此方法预测该县2006～2010年的电力负荷,实例分析表明,该方法预测精度较高,可作为中长期电力负荷预测的实用工具之...     

支持向量机在电力负荷预测中的应用研究

研究电力系统负荷预测问题,针对电力负荷过程存在非线性技术,为提高预测精度,保证安全供电,改变传统方法,提出改进支持向量机的预测性能,更精确地预测电力负荷,提出粒子群算法优化支持向量机（PSO-SVM）的电力负荷预测方法。PSO-SVM用粒子群算法优化支持向量机参数,减少了对支持向量机参数选择的盲目性,获得较优的支持向量机预测模型。并以贵州省为例在2008.7-2009.7电力负荷数据进行测试和分析,并进行仿真。实验结果表明,在电力负荷预测中,PSO-SVM比SVM和BPNN有着更高的预测精度,测试表明PSO-SVM方法用于电力负荷预测是有效可行的。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.