虚拟战场环境中雷达作用范围表现研究

雷达电磁态势的三维表现是未来数字化战场的必然要求.本文以雷达探测距离经典方程为基础,设计了雷达作用范围在虚拟战场环境中的表现模型,在获取虚拟战场环境中地形高程及其相关参数的前提下,给出了雷达作用范围在虚拟战场环境中的嵌入表现算法,这也是计算数字地形对雷达探测作用表现影响的一种解决途径.     

基于小波分析的数字地形刃形消除

地形起伏特征是影响海上雷达探测性能的重要因素。基于幂级数多项式拟合、三角函数的FFT和一级Daubechies小波分解的理论分析以及数字地形的数值仿真,结果表明:FFT近似地形的精确程度与坡度取决于横向距离谱宽度,距离谱越窄,地形坡度越小,但地形失真也越严重;一级Daubechies小波分解地形的精度最高,且在整个横向距离内坡度均小于10°~15°。小波分析方法有效消除了海上复杂地形的刃形结构,极大地扩展了大气波导环境中基于修正抛物型方程进行精确数值分析的雷达探测范围。     

地形遮蔽下雷达网的融合探测包络计算

为了计算在地形遮蔽条件下的雷达网融合探测包络,提出了一种基于分弧段连接矩阵方法,确定雷达网整体探测威力边界.首先对单雷达地形遮蔽下的探测能力进行分析,接着通过判断雷达网中各雷达之间的关系,计算相交雷达的边界交点信息.在各雷达边界交点的基础上,将雷达边界分成若干分弧段,筛选出组成雷达网探测区域边界的分弧段,建立分弧段连接矩阵,基于该矩阵计算雷达网探测边界,分析雷达网探测能力.实验结果表明,依据提出的算法快速有效地计算出雷达网的探测威力范围,可为雷达网布站提供有效地理论依据.     

雷达对低空目标探测的地形遮蔽算法研究

地形遮蔽是影响雷达探测发现目标能力的关键因素.有效算法是实施模拟仿真的基础.在借鉴离散判断法思想的基础上,针对某实际问题,建立了雷达对低空目标探测的地形遮蔽模型算法.本算法实用性好、精度高,可用于作战推演的实时仿真.     

雷达实际探测威力快速生成算法研究北大核心

针对雷达实际探测威力需要不断根据约束条件的变化而调整计算问题,提出了一种雷达实际探测威力快速生成算法。首先建立了使用折线段近似雷达探测威力边界曲线的雷达探测威力模型,在控制精度的前提下给出了雷达仰角、探测距离和海拔高度的对应关系;根据约束条件的影响修正雷达探测威力模型,通过对比雷达自身探测威力与直视探测威力,避免了遮蔽修正中对地理高程数据的重复调用。仿真结果表明,相比较于传统方法,所建立的雷达探测威力模型输出雷达实际探测威力,其计算精度和速度都有了明显提升。     

雷达最大探测范围三维可视化研究与实现

电磁信息可视化是虚拟战场环境中不可或缺的重要组成部分,而其中雷达信息的可视化尤其是雷达探测范围的可视化更为重要。文中对雷达探测范围可视化进行了探讨,给出了实现雷达最大探测范围三维可视化的方法。该方法综合考虑真实环境因素的影响,采用了抛物方程方法,最后给出了雷达最大探测范围三维模型的建立和表现方法。实验结果表明该方法不仅效率高,而且能真实直观地展现雷达最大探测范围。     

基于三维地球场景的干扰条件雷达探测范围可视化方法

雷达探测范围的三维可视化是现代战场电磁态势显示的关键组成部分。以电子对抗情况中雷达探测范围模型为基础,深入研究雷达局部坐标与地心直角坐标的转换算法,提出一种基于三维地球场景绘制理想条件与干扰条件下雷达探测范围的可视化方法。研究设计基于理想条件与干扰条件下雷达探测范围可视化数据需求的数据库,并基于三维地球场景平台ArcGlobe,结合OpenGL绘图技术,应用该可视化方法开发海战场电磁态势显示系统。实验结果表明该可视化方法能够高效形象地在三维地球场景下展现理想条件与干扰条件下的雷达探测范围,为指挥员洞察战场态势提供支持。     

复杂环境下雷达三维探测范围

构建虚拟战场系统,为实现雷达在复杂自然环境和复杂电子干扰环境影响下的雷达探测范围,根据高级传播模型(APM)的基本原理,并综合考虑电子干扰环境的影响,提出了一个改进的支援式干扰模型。该模型混合了APM和电子干扰模型,重点考虑了大气折射率的影响,可描述复杂自然环境和复杂电子干扰环境的双重影响。在可视化时,利用点绘制代替面绘制和中点代替插值点改进了移动立方体(MC)方法,提高了渲染速度。根据数据获取、数据处理和数据渲染的流程,利用可视化软件包(VTK)实现了对雷达探测范围的三维显示。     

双基地雷达探测范围的三维可视化研究

利用插值方法计算双基地雷达散射截面积,由此建立压制干扰条件下的双基地雷达探测范围方程。将导数取零作为曲线取极值的必要条件,推导出双基地雷达警戒区域边界解析表达式。在估算警戒区域面积的基础上,提出双基地雷达盲区的构造算法,并给出网格点上双基地雷达探测高度最大值与最小值的计算方法。利用OpenGL绘制双基地雷达三维探测范围。实验结果表明,该方法能在微机上实时地显示压制干扰条件下双基地雷达三维探测范围的动态变化。     

复杂地形环境下雷达效能仿真并行算法设计

研究雷达效能优化问题,针对确定雷达的有效探测覆盖范围,确定目标的可测性,在复杂地形环境下雷达覆盖范围的计算是一个计算量较大的问题,必须考虑可能覆盖区域中每一点所处的地形地貌特征,以确定目标在位置的可探测性.为了提高仿真计算效率,分析了并行方式进行雷达覆盖范围基本原理,提出了一种雷达覆盖范围仿真方法,并利用MPI平台进行了仿真.仿真结果表明,方法可有效提高复杂地形环境下雷达效能仿真计算的效率,可以实现大场景和复杂地形条件下的雷达效能仿真,并提供了高效实现方法与途径.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。