垂直交叉双向搜索策略的自适应窗口匹配算法

目的 基于区域的局部匹配算法是一种简单高效的立体匹配方法.针对局部算法中窗口的抉择问题,提出了基于垂直交叉双向搜索的自适应窗口匹配算法.方法 该算法考虑到局部区域内灰度值与视差值的相关性,通过垂直交叉双向搜索策略自适应地调节窗口的形状和大小,并获得相应掩码窗口;再利用积分图像计算掩码窗口的匹配代价,获取视差图;最后采用米字投票和双边滤波器两个步骤对视差图进行修复.结果 针对不同图像采用提出的自适应窗口算法,得到了适用于各种图像结构的匹配窗口,相较于原始垂直交叉算法的匹配精度提高了约30％ (Teddy),同时两步骤视差后处理较好地保持了图像边缘.结论 实验结果表明,该算法改善了规则窗口产生的视差边缘扩充问题,在提高视差精度的同时提高了算法鲁棒性.     

快速视差范围估计算法及其应用

视差范围估计在立体匹配中非常重要,准确的视差范围能提高立体匹配的精度和速度.为此提出一种基于匹配代价搜索和图像细分的快速视差范围估计算法.该算法将输入图像均匀分成多个图像块,采用匹配代价搜索计算每一图像块的视差,找到视差最大(最小)的图像块,并利用迭代细分规则将该图像块继续分成更小的子块,直至得到稳定的最大(最小)视差;利用匹配代价图对图像块进行可靠性检测,以解决弱纹理块容易误匹配的问题.实验结果表明,文中算法在保持97.3%的平均命中率的同时将立体匹配的平均搜索空间降低了27.7%,比采用传统算法可以得到更准确的视差范围;将该算法应用于立体匹配算法中降低了其平均误匹配率,并将计算时间缩短了20%~45%.     

基于粒子群优化的模板匹配跟踪算法

针对基于模板匹配的跟踪算法运行速度较慢、成功率较低的问题,提出了一种基于粒子群优化(PSO)的模板匹配跟踪算法。该算法采用粒子群优化算法作为模板匹配算法候选模板的搜索策略,并采用自适应的更新目标模板。首先,在设定的搜索区域内随机采集30个候选模板,计算出个体最优候选模板和全局最优候选模板;其次,根据粒子群优化算法进行迭代求出匹配值最佳的候选模板即为目标;最后,根据最佳候选模板的匹配值大小来自适应更新目标模板。理论分析和实验仿真表明,与基于模板匹配的跟踪算法和基于粗精搜索的模板匹配跟踪算法相比,基于粒子群优化的模板匹配跟踪算法的计算量平均要少91.1%和69.8%,且成功率为原算法的2.02倍和1.94倍。实验结果表明,基于粒子群优化的模板匹配跟踪算法能实现很好的实时跟踪,并且提高了跟踪的鲁棒性。     

一类新颖的粒子群优化算法

粒子群优化(PSO)是一类有效的随机全局优化技术。它利用一个粒子群搜索解空间,每个粒子表示一个被优化问题的解,通过粒子间的相互作用发现复杂搜索空间中的最优区域。提出一类新颖的PSO算法,该算法在基本PSO算法的粒子位置更新公式中增加了一个积分控制项。积分控制项根据每个粒子的适应值决定粒子位置的变化,改善了PSO算法摆脱局部极小点的能力。另外,该算法增加了限制搜索空间范围的机制,这对某些函数优化问题是必需的。用5个基准函数做的对比实验结果显示,该算法优于基本PSO算法以及自适应修改惯性因子的PSO算法。     

基于实数编码的自适应粒子群优化算法

提出了一种新的自适应粒子群优化算法(AMPSO)。该算法在运行过程中根据粒子群多样性的度量指标大小和当前最优解的大小来确定最优粒子的变异概率以对算法进行自适应变异,从而有效地增强了粒子群优化(PSO)算法跳出局部最优解的能力,使PSO算法既摆脱了后期易陷入局部最优点的束缚,又保持了其前期搜索速度快的优点。对几个典型函数的测试结果表明,该算法是非常有效的。     

一种遗传算法与粒子群优化的多子群分层混合算法

针对遗传算法全局搜索能力强和粒子群优化收敛速度快的特点, 本文从种群个体组织结构上着手, 进行优势互补, 提出了一种遗传算法和粒子群优化的多子群分层混合算法(multi-subgroup hierarchical hybrid of genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization, HGA–PSO). 算法采用分层结构, 底层由一系列的遗传算法子群组成, 贡献算法的全局搜索能力; 上层是由每个子群的最优个体组成的精英群, 采用钳制了初始速度的粒子群算法进行精确局部搜索. 文中分析论证了HGA–PSO算法具有全局收敛性, 并采用7个典型高维Benchmark函数进行测试, 实验结果显示该算法的优化性能显著优于其他测试算法.     

一种基于彩色分割的改进DSM视差匹配算法

提出了一种改进的视差匹配算法.采用基于图像彩色分割的自适应权重方法,提高了DSM算法中像素点显著性估计的准确度,降低了视差匹配的误匹配率;并利用同一彩色区域的像素视差的相关性,缩小了视差匹配的搜索范围,减少了视差匹配的运算量.使用Middlebury网站的标准测试图像对文中的视差匹配算法进行了评估,实验结果表明,提出的视差匹配算法与DSM算法相比,降低了误匹配率,并且提高了运算速度.     

改进的PSO在说话人辨识中的应用

针对PSO算法容易陷于局部极值的缺点,提出了一种改进的PSO优化算法（IPSO）。该算法根据粒子进化速度对粒子个体极值进行自适应扰动,使粒子及时跳出局部极值点而继续优化,从而扩大粒子搜索范围。改进后的PSO算法加快了收敛速度,能够很好地调整算法的全局与局部搜索能力之间的平衡。同时,给出了应用IPSO算法训练支持向量机的方法,并将其应用于说话人辨识。改进后的PSO可以使SVM用较少的SV取得最优分类面,从而减少SVM的训练量,提高了说话人辨识速度。     

基于遗传算子的改进粒子群优化算法

为了克服PSO算法容易陷入局部最优的缺陷,提出一种基于遗传算子的改进PSO算法。该算法借鉴常规的遗传算法中的选择交叉操作,在优化搜索过程中更新粒子的位置时,进行交叉操作,可以扩大全局搜索范围,避免局部最优,提高粒子的多样性。对改进后的算法使用几个典型的测试函数进行了仿真实验,实验结果表明,相比于标准PSO该算法的全局搜索能力和收敛精度都有较大提高,有效地改善了优化性能。     

提取轮廓图背景控制点的立体匹配算法

针对动态规划匹配算法的误匹配与狭窄遮挡物问题,提出一种在轮廓图中提取背景控制点的立体匹配算法,在立体图像对的轮廓图中选择背景控制点,利用动态规划在视差空间图像中搜索最优路径,根据视差约束以及狭窄遮挡物的判定公式完善视差图。仿真实验结果表明,该算法能够降低在视差不连续区域匹配上的误匹配率。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.