FRP约束混凝土强弱约束判断准则

基于数值模拟和以往研究,分析了不同强弱约束状态下的FRP约束混凝土行为.分析结果表明:(1)约束混凝土应力-应变曲线根据强弱约束状态不同而发生变化,处于强约束条件下的混凝土,极限强度大于无约束混凝土强度,对于加固量较小的弱约束混凝土,破坏时的应力值等于或者小于无约束混凝土的强度;(2)计算非圆形截面的约束应力、约束刚度、极限约束应力时要考虑形状等效系数kse,约束混凝土极限状态下的FRP断裂应变小于FRP极限拉应变,对于混凝土圆柱,FRP断裂应变可等效为环形劈裂试验值,对于非圆形截面,需计入形状等效系数kse的影响;(3)定义极限约束应力与无约束混凝土强度比值为约束比,约束比决定混凝土强弱约束状态.通过对收集到的试验数据进行回归,提出了强弱约束判断准则.     

基于修正混凝土塑性损伤模型的大应变FRP约束混凝土有限元分析

精确的有限元分析(FEA)依赖于材料的准确定义。通过编写用户子程序UMAT实现了大断裂应变纤维增强聚合物(LRS FRP)在纤维方向上拉伸特性的定义。基于Abaqus中混凝土塑性损伤模型的理论框架,提出了一种改进的混凝土塑性损伤模型用于定义LRS FRP约束混凝土的材料特性。这些改进包括：通过LRS FRP约束混凝土的实验数据校准了与屈服准则相关的参数K;硬化/软化准则与约束刚度相关;流动法则与轴向塑性应变相关。采用修改后的材料模型进行FEA,结果表明：FEA预测的应力-应变曲线与实验结果吻合。基于FEA的结果,讨论了矩形柱截面上应力分布的不均匀性,根据约束效果可分为有效约束区域和弱约束区域,且在约束有效区域上应力分布不均匀性随着截面比(长边/短边)的增加而增加。     

FRP配筋混凝土路面结构力学性能试验分析

为了判断纤维增强复合材料（fiber reinforced polymer,FRP）配筋混凝土路面结构的力学性能差异,确定其应力关系,需要进行FRP配筋混凝土路面结构力学性能试验分析。以某混凝土路面的核心试件为例,首先使用特征分析法分析FRP配筋混凝土路面结构试件特征,其次使用对比法判断混凝土试件的承载力,最后使用变形约束法确定试件的力学性能,得出FRP配筋混凝土路面结构的力学性能关系。力学性能试验分析结果表明,随着FRP层数的增加,混凝土的抗压强度、极限应变、初始刚度均受到不同程度的影响,证明FRP配筋混凝土路面结构符合应力-应变力学性能关系。     

武器间接命中条件下FRP约束混凝土抗多次打击能力

在3种约束比下FRP约束混凝土圆柱体试件准静载和快速加载试验的基础上,进行多次打击试验及多次打击后的准静载试验 。结果表明:FRP约束混凝土是一种抗多次打击能力较好的抗压复合材料,经每次打击后的刚度虽逐渐衰减,但有收敛趋势,其残余刚度随约束比ξ及最大应力比η的增加而减小。经受多次打击后的FRP约束混凝土与未经受多次打击的试件相比,其准静载下的初始弹性模量降低,强度基本不变,极限应变提高,其中弱约束混凝土延性提高得尤其显著,强约束混凝土应力-应变曲线中线性强化段的斜率随刚度衰减程度的增加而增加,最终FRP强约束混凝土有变成线弹性材料的趋势,为进一步研究FRP约束混凝土在防护结构中的应用提供条件。      

FRP约束混凝土的应力-应变关系

通过修正已有文献中提供的约束混凝土体积应变计算模型,并基于受定侧压力作用下混凝土的应力-应变关系模型,采用数值方法,全过程计算了具有被动约束特征的圆形截面纤维增强塑料(FRP)约束混凝土的应力-应变关系.结果表明,无论是对于具有强化特征还是具有软化特征的FRP约束混凝土,计算结果和实验结果及其他文献报道的实验结果均吻合良好.     

FRP管约束混凝土的轴压应力-应变关系研究

目前FRP约束混凝土轴压应力-应变关系大都只考虑FRP管环向受拉。针对FRP管约束混凝土的轴心受压性能进行分析,考虑其承受压力造成约束模量降低的影响,在现有约束混凝土模型的基础上,提出一种考虑FRP管在双向受力情况下的应力-应变关系分析模型,并与试验结果进行了分析对比,分析结果与试验结果吻合较好。还依据这一模型进行了参数研究。     

FRP布-混凝土界面粘结性能的有限元分析

FRP(纤维增强复合材料)布与混凝土界面的粘结性能是粘贴FRP布加固混凝土结构中的关键问题.首先讨论了该界面问题有限元分析的难点及建模方法,根据使用现有有限元程序试算的结果,讨论了界面问题中混凝土力学行为的特点及对混凝土本构模型的要求;在此基础上,提出了适用于分析FRP布-混凝土界面问题的混凝土本构模型,并编制了相应的程序,对FRP布-混凝土面内剪切问题进行了分析.分析结果与试验结果吻合较好,并给出了混凝土本构模型中相应参数的建议取值.基于数值模拟结果,对FRP布-混凝土界面粘接力学机理进行了讨论.     

基于基因表达式编程的FRP约束混凝土极限轴向应变预测

纤维增强树脂复合材料(FRP)以其质量轻、强度高、耐腐蚀和施工方便等优势被广泛应用于混凝土结构性能提升和受损构件加固中。FRP约束混凝土的极限条件是选择FRP种类、选择FRP厚度及确定包裹层数等必须要考虑的因素,现有极限应力模型的预测结果能够较好反地映真实情况,而现有极限轴向应变模型的预测精度偏低,故本文对极限轴向应变进行了研究。由于影响FRP约束混凝土极限轴向应变的因素较多,许多研究人员提出的模型在输入参数的选择上存在较大差异,故本文在通过基因表达式编程建立极限轴向应变模型的同时还探讨了不同输入形式对模型预测精度的影响。采用决定系数及平均绝对误差等5种统计指标对模型预测结果进行评价,并将其与现有模型进行对比分析。研究结果表明:原始数据和新数据组合的输入形式对应的模型具有最高的预测精度,因此在模型输入参数的选择上不能仅考虑原始数据或者新数据;与其他研究人员所提模型相比,本文所提模型预测精度更高,其决定系数为0.893,平均绝对误差等指标均在0.35以下。      

FRP片材与混凝土粘结性能的精细有限元分析

FRP-混凝土界面粘结性能是外贴FRP片材加固混凝土结构技术的关键问题.基于FRP与混凝土界面面内剪切试验,采用精细单元有限元模型对其界面粘结性能进行了研究.在该模型中,混凝土和FRP片材都使用非常小的单元加以模拟,通过调整混凝土材料的本构模型来考虑单元尺寸的影响.FRP单元和混凝土单元直接连接,通过混凝土单元的断裂破坏来模拟FRP和混凝土界面的宏观剥离破坏过程.通过与大量面内剪切试验结果对比,验证了该精细有限元模型的正确性,并基于精细有限元分析结果,对界面剥离破坏机理进行了讨论.     

FRP加固混凝土梁受弯剥离破坏的有限元分析

FRP加固钢筋混凝土梁受弯剥离破坏是一种非常常见的破坏形式.首先基于微观尺度有限元分析,对受弯剥离破坏的机理进行了研究,提出了一个受弯剥离的双重剥离破坏准则,以及相应的界面粘结滑移关系,使得受弯剥离可以由基于普通弥散裂缝模型的混凝土单元来加以模拟,并开发出了相应的FRP-混凝土界面单元模型.将该界面单元嵌入通用有限元程序MSC.MARC,对45根受弯剥离破坏的试验梁进行了有限元分析.分析结果表明,提出的计算模型与试验结果吻合良好,可以真实模拟受弯剥离破坏过程.     

FRP-confined concrete under axial cyclic compression

One important application of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites in construction is as FRP jackets to confine concrete in the seismic retrofit of reinforced concrete (RC) structures, as FRP confinement can enhance both the compressive strength and ultimate strain of concrete. For the safe and economic design of FRP jackets, the stress–strain behavior of FRP-confined concrete under cyclic compression needs to be properly understood and modeled. This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the behavior of FRP-confined concrete under cyclic compression. Test results obtained from CFRP-wrapped concrete cylinders are presented and examined, which allows a number of significant conclusions to be drawn, including the existence of an envelope curve and the cumulative effect of loading cycles. The results are also compared with two existing stress–strain models for FRP-confined concrete, one for monotonic loading and another one for cyclic loading. The monotonic stress–strain model of Lam and Teng is shown to be able to provide accurate predictions of the envelope curve, but the only existing cyclic stress–strain model is shown to require improvement.     

Cyclic modeling of FRP-confined concrete with improved ductility

Confinement by fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) wraps can significantly enhance strength and ductility of concrete columns. Behavior of FRP-confined concrete in uniaxial compression can be characterized by its bilinear stress–strain and unique dilation properties. A number of models have in recent years been developed to capture these characteristics under monotonic loading. None, however, have addressed the cyclic response of FRP-confined concrete. A total of 24 FRP-confined concrete stub specimens were tested in uniaxial compression under different levels of loading and unloading, with different fiber type, wrap thickness, and loading patterns. Based on a regression analysis of test results, a constitutive model is developed that includes cyclic rules for loading and unloading, plastic strains, and stiffness and strength degradations. The proposed model is validated by comparing analytical predictions with experimental results of an independent test series. Good agreement was shown between the analysis and experiments, confirming the ability of the model to predict the cyclic behavior of FRP-confined concrete. The model could be easily implemented in a fiber element model for flexural analysis of cyclic loaded beam-columns in conjunction with a strain gradient approach.     

Mechanical behaviour of FRP-confined masonry by testing of full-scale columns

The vulnerability of masonry constructions under seismic forces, or more generally under the mechanical actions during the centuries, has been highlighted in the last years by several events that caused the loss of significant heritage buildings. Faced with this difficulty, the use of composite materials, fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) may be a solution for mitigating the vulnerability of masonry buildings. This solution has been tested in the laboratory by researchers in the last decade. In particular, studies regarding elements such as walls, arches and vaults, strengthened with FRP materials are available. A few numbers of studies are known for columns, which have been tested only as small or middle scale samples. The current state of the art does not report studies on FRP-confined masonry columns tested in real scale. The research presents the results of an experimental program performed on full-scale masonry columns strengthened with different composite systems. The same kind of study had been previously performed by the authors on medium scale masonry columns, using the same materials for both the masonry core and for the FRP system. Prismatic columns with a square cross section were subjected to compression tests according to the following test schemes: two control unconfined columns; column with continuous wrapping by using unidirectional glass FRP (GFRP) sheets; column with discontinuous wrapping by using GFRP unidirectional sheets; column with continuous GFRP wrapping and internal carbon FRP bars bonded in the transverse directions; column wrapped with continuous alkali resistant GFRP grid and steel spikes bonded together in lime based matrix. The experimental results are presented and discussed in the paper along with the comparison with the results obtained from the experimental tests on medium scale specimens. The comparison between experimental data and theoretical predictions provided by the analytical model found in the guidelines of the CNR technical document is also illustrated.     

品牌竞争力影响因素分析

跨国公司实施全球战略，从产品输出、资本输出到品牌输出，这种以品牌为旗帜，凭借雄厚的资本和先进技术的综合输出，对国内民族品牌形成巨大冲击并提出了严峻挑战。面对外国品牌的大举抢滩，民族品牌竞争乏力的问题日益显露。通过对品牌竞争力影响要素的分析，探讨了提高品牌竞争力的对策。     

固体颗粒混合物光谱解混模型的影响因子分析

为分析固体颗粒混合物光谱的解混模型的影响因子,验证混凝土水化产物光谱解混的可行性.本研究选取类似混凝土水化产物的氢氧化钙与硫酸钙作为研究对象,进行固体颗粒混合物高光谱解混实验.从混合物光谱叠加、混合比例及搅拌时间3个方面分析了固体颗粒混合物光谱的影响因子.研究结果表明:硫酸钙粉末与氢氧化钙粉末的混合物实测光谱曲线与理论光谱叠加模型曲线的总体趋势一致;固体颗粒物质混合时的混合比例、搅拌时间会影响固体颗粒混合物实测光谱特征.运用光谱比值导数法对混凝土水化6～16 h产物的氢氧化钙进行光谱解混,其比值导数处理结果的丰度表明,6～16 h水泥水化的过程中氢氧化钙的含量逐渐增加,验证了光谱解混模型对混凝土水化产物光谱检测的有效性.     

Experimental and Analytical Studies on Concrete Cylinders Wrapped with Fiber Reinforced Polymer

Fibre-reinforced polymers (FRPs) are being introduced into a wide variety of civil engineering applications. These materials have been found to be particularly attractive for applications involving the strengthening and rehabilitation of existing reinforced concrete structures. In this paper, experimental investigations and analytical studies on four series of the concrete cylinders wrapped with FRP are presented. First series consist of concrete cylinders wrapped with one layer carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP), second series concrete cylinders wrapped with two layers CFRP, in third series, concrete cylinders were wrapped with one layer glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) and the fourth series consist of concrete cylinders wrapped with two layers of GFRP.The results show that external confinement significantly improves the ultimate strength and ductility of the specimens.Coupon tests have also been carried out to determine the mechanical properties of the FRP. Further, review of three analytical models for confined concrete from the literature is presented in detail. The stress-strain curve of confined concrete in these models consists of a parabolic first portion and a straightline second portion. Predicted stress-strain curve of these models are compared with authors's experimental curves. In predicting the second portion of the stress-strain curve considerable deviation was observed. An analytical model is also proposed for determining the stress-strain relationship of confined concrete.The model is validated by comparing with experimental values. It is observed that the proposed model well predicts the ultimate axial strains and stresses and reproduce finely the stress-strain response of confined concrete with carbon or glass FRP.     

各种因素对动态热机械分析结果的影响

通过对尼龙6和UHMWPE/HDPE共混物的动态热机械分析,研究了样品厚度及目标振幅、动态力、静态力等参数的设定对测试结果的影响。结果表明样品厚度大小,目标振幅与动态力、静态力是否匹配,测试频率和升温速率是否合适都对测试结果有很大影响。     

封套的传热模型与影响因素分析

从封套所处的光热环境出发,在合理假设的基础上,构建了封套传热的数学模型,建立了封套表面的热流量方程和热平衡方程,并选取几组参数,进行了相关的数值计算.最后,依据计算结果分析了几种影响传入封套内热量的因素,并结合分析结果,提出了相应的防护措施,为后续封套防热方面的改进和防热试验的设计提供了一定的参考.     

局部受压混凝土圆柱及其FRP增强的弹塑性分析

局部受压混凝土圆柱核心区受压膨胀,外围混凝土对其产生的径向约束力能提高其强度和变形能力。本文引入混凝土弹性模量连续变化的计算模型,应用弹性力学方法进行外围混凝土弹塑性分析。基于混凝土三轴抗压强度Richart公式计入外围混凝土径向约束力对核心区受压混凝土的影响,提出了局部受压混凝土圆柱极限承载力的计算方法。在上述理论研究基础上,进一步对FRP增强的局部受压混凝土圆柱的极限承载力进行求解,分析了局部受压混凝土及其FRP增强圆柱的极限承载力,理论计算与有限元吻合较好。