Foam electrospinning: A multiple jet,needle‐less process for nanofiber production

A multiple jet, needle‐less process to fabricate electrospun nanofibers from foamed columns, produced by injecting compressed gas through a porous surface into polymer solutions, capable of circumventing syringe electrospinning shortcomings such as needle clogging and restrictions in production rate is presented. Using polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene oxide (PEO) as model systems, we identify key design, processing, and solution parameters for producing uniform fibers. Increasing electrode surface area produces thicker mats, suggesting charge distribution through the bulk foam facilitates electrospinning. Similar trends between foam and syringe electrospinning are observed for collection distance, electric field strength, and polymer concentration. Interestingly, the empirical correlation between polymer entanglement and fiber formation are found to be similar for both foam and traditional needle electrospinning, but the fiber crystallinity shows enhancement with foam electrospinning. In addition, foam electrospinning with a PEO‐nonionic surfactant system yields two orders of magnitude increase in production rate compared to syringe electrospinning. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 1355–1364, 2014     

静电纺丝纳米纤维的制备工艺及其应用

简述了静电纺丝制备纳米纤维的原理;探讨了静电纺丝电压、流速、接收距离、溶剂浓度等工艺条件;介绍了同轴静电纺丝制备皮芯结构的超细纤维及中空纤维技术以及静电纺丝纳米纤维毡在生物医药方面的应用。指出静电纺丝纳米纤维材料在生物医用方面具有广阔的应用前景,进一步实现低压纺丝、开发无毒溶剂,控制同轴静电纺丝纳米纤维的释放性能是今后静电纺丝的研发方向。     

静电纺纳米纤维的应用

综述了静电纺纳米纤维在保护性服用材料、传感器、过滤防护材料、高分子纳米模板、纳米复合改性材料、航空航天等方面的应用;详述了在生物医用材料方面的应用;展望了静电纺丝纳米纤维的发展前景;指出应继续研发具有特殊性能的静电纺纳米纤维新产品,扩大其应用领域,最终实现成果产业化。     

静电纺丝制备聚丙烯腈纳米碳纤维

利用静电纺丝制备连续的聚丙烯腈纳米碳纤维;介绍了静电纺丝的原理、影响静电纺丝的主要因素以及制备纳米碳纤维、纳米活性炭纤维、纳米碳纤维复合材料的方法和原理;分析了静电纺丝产率低,难以得到单向平铺的纤维等问题,影响静电纺丝的参数主要有溶液特性、纺丝工艺参数、纺丝环境参数。由静电纺丝得到纳米聚丙烯腈纤维,然后再经预氧化和碳化制备纳米碳纤维,或把纳米纤维预氧化,经活化、碳化制备纳米活性炭纤维。并指出纳米碳纤维具有巨大的潜在应用空间。     

静电纺丝制备纳米纤维的进展及应用

简述了静电纺丝的制备原理和影响静电纺丝纤维成形的主要工艺因素;介绍了静电纺丝法制备高分子聚合物、生物大分子、无机物纳米纤维的最新进展,以及这些纳米纤维在过滤、传感器、超疏水性材料、生物医用功能材料、纳米模板等领域的应用;指出静电纺丝制备纳米连续长丝技术亟待发展。     

Fabrication of Au/PVP nanofiber composites by electrospinning

Gold nanoparticles prepared by trisodium citrate reduction of HAuCl₄ in poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) ethanol solution were dispersed into PVP nanofibers by electrospinning. The optical property of Au nanoparticles before and after electrospinning was measured by UV‐Vis. The morphology and distribution of gold nanoparticles in PVP nanofibers were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The influence of the amount of Au added to and the concentration of PVP in electrospinning solution over the morphology of Au/PVP nanofibers were studied. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

静电纺纳米纤维的研究及应用进展

简述了静电纺丝基本原理及纺丝过程中射流存在的几种不稳定性形式;探讨了静电纺丝制备纳米纤维的主要影响因素。回顾了静电纺丝的发展历程,介绍了纳米纤维在电子器件、生物医学领域、滤材、防护服用材料纤维增强复合材料及传感器感知膜等方面的应用。指出静电纺纳米纤维性能优异、应用广泛,应用于生物医学领域是研发热点,必将进一步产业化。     

静电纺纳米纤维修饰电极的研究进展

静电纺丝纳米纤维较传统纳米材料有许多独特的性能,静电纺丝纳米纤维修饰电极的研究是其新热点;按修饰方法的不同,静电纺丝纳米纤维修饰电极分为直接修饰和非直接修饰电极两大类。综合近年来国内外的静电纺丝纳米纤维修饰电极相关研究,阐述了静电纺丝技术直接修饰电极、静电纺丝技术非直接修饰电极的相关纳米纤维材料的制备、特性及应用;指出由于静电纺丝纳米材料的多样化与优异性,静电纺丝纳米纤维修饰电极具有灵活性与灵敏性,其在生物传感器、生物芯片、染料电池等方面的应用极具开发潜力,在未来多个领域和研究中发挥重要作用。     

电纺纳米纤维增强聚合物复合材料的研究进展

与作为填料的普通纤维相比,通过静电纺丝所得纳米纤维(简称电纺纳米纤维)的长径比及比表面积较大,相对于基体材料具有较大的模量和韧性,对聚合物基体有较好的力学增强效果;电纺纳米纤维在复合材料中应力集中程度低、与聚合物基体间界面结合较好。加入电纺纳米纤维可以提高复合材料的性能,如拉伸及弯曲强度、模量,抗冲击性能等都有较大提高。电纺纳米纤维在聚合物基体中的分散及其与基体间的界面黏结等问题有待进一步研究和改善。     

电纺法制备聚丙烯腈基纳米碳纤维

用电纺法制备了聚丙烯腈（PAN）纳米纤维,用场发射扫描电镜（FESEM）对其形态进行了研究,讨论了不同工艺参数对纤维直径和分散形态的影响。结果发现,纤维直径随着浓度的增加而增大,随着电压升高而减小,接收距离和溶剂类型对纤维直径的影响不大。将形态最好的纤维在240℃下进行活化处理,然后将活化处理过的纤维在氮气氛中煅烧,用FESEM观察了煅烧的纤维直径及形态的变化,红外（IR）分析了纤维化学结构的变化,证实了经900℃煅烧后的纤维为碳纳米纤维。     

Mathematical models for continuous electrospun nanofibers and electrospun nanoporous microspheres

A brief review of mathematical models of electrospinning is given. The nano‐effect and electrospinning dilation are presented to explain how to prepare extremely high strength continuous nanofibers and nanoporous microspheres, respectively. According to the established models, vibration‐electrospinning is introduced to improve electrospinability, Siro‐electrospinning is suggested to mimic the spinning procedure of a spider and magneto‐electrospinning is used to control the instability arising in the electrospinning process. A new theory linked to both classical mechanics and quantum mechanics should be developed to explain certain special phenomena in electrospinning. E‐infinity theory is considered to be a potential theory to deal with quantum‐like properties and nano‐effect on the nanoscale. The emphasis of this brief review is upon the authors' recent work, and the references are not exhaustive. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

静电纺丝纳米纤维的新进展和未来动向

综述了日本和欧美静电纺丝纳米纤维技术和制品的新进展、已产业化的品种和正在研发的多样新品种和新用途,指出未来的研发方向和动向.     

PA6静电纺纳米纤维

讨论了PA6静电纺丝工艺,利用扫描电镜(SEM)观察纤维的形态结构,研究了影响PA6静电纺丝 的因素及其对所形成纤维的形态、直径的影响。结果表明,在甲酸溶液中,PA6质量分数为8％、电压值为15 kV、喷丝头到收集板的垂直距离为20 cm是PA6静电纺丝的最佳工艺条件,可得到直径小于100 nm的PA6 纳米纤维。     

Determination of twisting angle of electrospun nanofiber bundle for continuous electrospinning system

Electrospinning continuously produced twisted nanofibers with a convergence coil and a rotating ring collector. The positively charged nozzle was used in the electrospinning process to deposit electrospun fibers of polyacrylonitrile onto a rotating ring collector. By withdrawing the electrospun fibers from the rotating ring collector, it was possible to spin the electrospun fibers yarn. In this study, theoretical approaches and numerical simulations were used to determine the twisting angle of the yarn. Using the equations developed in this study, we performed numerical simulations and compared the experimental results with the numerical simulation results. Mechanical properties of the fiber bundle were analyzed for twisting angle. It was confirmed the relationship among the winding drum, the ring collector, and flux of the fibers mass per time during electrospinning in the developed system. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 45528.     

静电纺丝的研究进展

简述了国内外静电纺丝的研究现状;介绍了静电纺丝的制备原理、静电纺丝装置的改进、影响纤维成形的主要工艺参数及纤维形态;叙述了静电纺丝纳米纤维在过滤材料、生物医学和传感器等方面的应用;展望了静电纺丝的发展方向。指出静电纺丝是纳米纤维的新型生产技术,今后应进一步调整静电纺丝工艺,开发绿色溶剂,以尽早实现静电纺丝的工业化。     

静电纺丝法制备图案化纳米纤维集合体的研究进展

综述了静电纺丝法制备图案化纳米纤维集合体的方法。研究进展表明,主要是通过不同的收集装置和飞秒激光法制备图案化纳米纤维集合体,该集合体的形成改变了材料的表面形貌,赋予材料在组织工程支架方面潜在的应用价值。     

静电纺丝的技术进展

简述了静电纺丝的原理、装置及发展历程;比较了溶剂静电纺丝法和熔融静电纺丝法;介绍了静电纺丝法的技术进展。指出在熔融型静电纺丝法的研究中,开发了具有激光加热部的熔融型静电纺丝装置,进一步突破了纳米纤维的制造技术。随着纳米技术的不断发展,静电纺丝法制造的纳米纤维应用广泛,其发展前景看好。     

High entropy oxide nanofiber by electrospun method and its application for lithium battery anode material

Mg_0.2Co_0.2Ni_0.2Cu_0.2Zn_0.2O high entropy oxide (HEO) with outstanding cycling stability and high capacity retention indicates it is a promising anode material for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. Rock salt HEO nanofiber has been prepared by electrospinning method. Polyacrylonitrile polymer facilitates the formation of nanowire morphology. The effect of calcination temperature on the phase composition and microstructure evolutions has been investigated. Pure rock salt phase can be obtained after firing at 850°C for 2 min. Calcination at higher temperature than 850°C will break the fiber into short segments and lead to the growth of grain. A reversible capacity of 365 mAh g⁻¹ was achieved after 300 cycles at .2 A·g⁻¹.     

ZnO微／纳米纤维的静电纺丝及其表征

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为络合剂与醋酸锌[Zn(CH3COO)2]反应制得前驱体溶液,用静电纺丝法制备了PVP／Zn(CH3COO)2纤维,经煅烧得到具有微孔结构的氧化锌(ZnO)微／纳米纤维。对所制备纤维分别采用差热-热重分析、红外光谱分析、X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜等手段进行了表征。结果表明: PVP/Zn(CH3COO)纤维表面光滑,直径约300-700 nm,经700℃煅烧后,可得到ZnO微／纳米纤维。     

Double‐nozzle air‐jet electrospinning for nanofiber fabrication

A novel double‐nozzle air‐jet electrospinning apparatus was developed to fabricate nanofibers on a large scale. The distribution of the electric field at different nozzle distances was simulated to analyze the jet path, productivity, and deposition area of nanofiber webs and the nanofiber morphology. Our experiments showed that the bubbles usually ruptured intermittently on the top surface of the two nozzles and the jets traveled in a straight path with a high initial velocity. A continuous and even thickness of the nanofiber webs were obtained when the nozzle distances was less than 55 mm. At nozzle distances of 55 mm, the received fibers were thin with the lowest standard deviation. Experimental parameters involving the applied voltage, collecting distance, and air flow rate were also investigated to analyze the nanofiber morphology at a nozzle distance of 55 mm. The results show that the nanofibers presented a finer and thinner diameter at an applied voltage of 36 kV, a collecting distance of 18 cm, and an air flow rate of 800 mL/min. The nanofiber production of this setup increased to nearly 70 times that with a single‐needle electrospinning setup. On the basis of the principle of this air‐jet electrospinning setup, various arrangements of multinozzle electrospinning setups could be designed for higher throughput of nanofibers. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2014 , 131, 40040.