Effect of reactive diluents on properties of unsaturated polyester/montmorillonite nanocomposites

Unsaturated polyester (UP)/montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposite was prepared by using hydroxypropylacrylate (HPA) as a reactive diluent instead of conventional styrene monomer and the effect of polarity of reactive diluent on properties of nanocomposite was investigated. X‐ray and mechanical test data indicated that mixing for an extended period of time is essential to enhance the physical properties of nanocomposites in the UP/Cloisite 6A system. This was attributed to the high polarity of HPA that may disturb the preintercalation of UP resin into the galleries of MMT. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 238–242, 2004     

蒙脱石的有机化及其在不饱和聚酯中的试验

本文按正交法设计了18个制备有机蒙脱石的实验,优化了制备最大层间距的蒙脱石的最佳工艺条件,并对其进行了表征,最后制备了几种不同层间距蒙脱石／不饱和聚酯树脂复合材料。FTIR证实有机插层剂已进入蒙脱石;XRD结果表明蒙脱石层间距由1．44nm增加到3．98nm;通过对复合材料力学性能测试表明：层间距(3．98nm)最大的蒙脱石制得的复合材料各项性能最好,其中冲击强度提高了217％,弯曲强度提高了355％。     

不饱和聚酯纳米复合材料研究进展

纳米粒子改性不饱和聚酯能实现同时增强增韧,提高树脂综合力学性能,而且改善了树脂的热学、耐水、耐化学药品腐蚀等性能。然而,由于纳米粒子粒径极其细小,表面活性很高,易团聚,很难在不饱和聚酯中达到纳米级分散,严重影响了改性效果。因此,对纳米粒子进行表面改性可提高其在树脂中的分散效果,充分发挥纳米粒子的改性效果。制备高性能、精细化、具有特殊结构和性能的不饱和聚酯纳米复合材料,是今后的研究方向。     

NR/有机蒙脱土/GMA纳米复合材料的制备与性能研究

采用胶乳接枝插层法制备NR／有机蒙脱土／甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)纳米复合材料，并对其性能进行研究。结果表明，在NR胶乳与有机蒙脱土体系中加入GMA，并使之原位聚合，同时实现对NR的接枝和对有机蒙脱土的插层并与有机蒙脱土层间的基团产生化学结合，可以制备NR／有机蒙脱土／GMA纳米复合材料；采用胶乳接枝插层法制备的NR／有机蒙脱土／GMA纳米复合材料的物理性能和耐热氧老化性能优异，动态力学性能良好，热稳定性与NR胶料相差不大。     

MAP-POSS改性不饱和聚酯树脂的固化反应

为改进不饱和聚酯（UP）树脂的性能,用非等温差示扫描量热法（DSC）研究了甲基丙烯酰氧丙基笼形倍半硅氧烷（MAP-POSS）与通用UP树脂的共同化反应。UP、苯乙烯和MAP—POSS有较好的相容性,可共同固化,MAP-POSS可均匀分散在UP基体中形成原位纳米分子复合材料。测定了固化动力学参数,建立了固化反应动力学数学模型。     

Unsaturated polyester/montmorillonite nanocomposites with improved mechanical and thermal properties fabricated by in situ polymerization

Although organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) has been incorporated into unsaturated polyester (UP) resin to enhance properties, the aggregation often leads to defects which directly affect the properties of nanocomposites. In this work, OMMT slurry modified by a new allyl surfactant with carbon–carbon double bond, hexadecyl allyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (C₁₆‐DMAAC), was employed to prepare nanocomposites by in situ polymerization. The results illustrated that the existence of OMMT slurry helped monomers enter the OMMT galleries, leading to well‐dispersed OMMT in the UP matrix. The mechanical properties and thermal properties of OMMT nanocomposites were improved. With OMMT loading of 5 wt %, the tensile strength and flexural strength can be improved by 22% and 38%, respectively. Meanwhile, the onset thermal decomposition temperature (T_–10) value was ameliorated from 310.6 °C to 330.6 °C. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 45251.     

聚氨酯改性不饱和聚酯的徽观结构与性能

利用与天然纤维具有良好亲和性的聚酯聚氨酯(PU)改性不饱和聚酯(UP),通过扫描电镜（SEM）、傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）、接触角和力学性能等,研究了改性不饱和聚酯的微观结构、反应程度和主要性能.研究结果表明,引入PU提高了不饱和聚酯树脂的韧性,增加了与天然纤维的界面浸润性,降低了不饱和聚酯树脂的固化收缩率.所得改性不饱和聚酯的冲击断裂截面表现为韧性断裂;与天然纤维的接触角随着聚氨酯添加量的增加而降低,表明改性不饱和聚酯与天然纤维的浸润性增强.力学性能测试表明,当PU含量为5%时,其冲击强度可提高80%,弯曲模量降低小于20%,固化收缩率低于4%.     

三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的研制

采用微波加热离子交换树脂交换法将天然钙蒙脱土转变为镍基蒙脱土。三聚氰胺单体与镍基蒙脱土层间镍离子的络合后,加入甲醛经插层原位聚合制备三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂/蒙脱土纳米复合材料。X射线粉末衍射结果显示,三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂/蒙脱土复合物试样的d_(001)值由1．41nm增至1．84nm,说明蒙脱土的硅酸盐片层被撑开。粘接剪切强度测试结果表明,蒙脱土的加入提高材料的粘接性能。     

不饱和聚酯树脂微波固化特性研究

探讨了UPR在微波加热作用下固化的可行性及特性规律,采用DSC及FTIR等手段对微波加热固化及传统加热树脂固化性能进行了分析,结果显示微波加热凝胶固化时间比后者快几倍至20多倍,热性能、力学性能基本相当,这表明微波加热固化UPR可行且高效。     

聚氯乙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料研究进展

简要介绍了聚氯乙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的有机改性机理和制备方法,重点阐述了聚氯乙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的研究进展。     

Flame retardancy of unsaturated polyester composites with modified ammonium polyphosphate,montmorillonite, and zinc borate

Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was modified using a new method, where the resulting modified APP (MAPP) was obtained by mixing APP with unsaturated polyester resin (UPR). MAPP was more effective in improving the flame retardancy of UPR than APP which was due to the improved dispersion of MAPP in UPR composite. Then, the UPR composites were prepared based on dimethyl methylphosphonate, MAPP, montmorillonite, and zinc borate. Finally, the flame-retardant and mechanical properties of the UPR composites were analyzed using the limited oxygen index (LOI), thermogravimetric analysis, UL-94 vertical burning test, scanning electron microscopy, cone calorimetry, mechanical tests, and viscosity measurements. The LOI and UL-94 tests showed that the flame-retardant properties clearly improved with the addition of fillers in the UPR composites compared to pristine UPR. The synergistic effect of Si- and P-containing flame retardants in this composite resulted in the LOI value increasing from 18.9 to 31.3% and achieved the UL-94 V-0 rating. Moreover, the heat release rate was lower than the pristine UPR. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47180.     

不饱和聚酯/粘土纳米复合材料的制备与性能

为了改善不饱和聚酯树脂的力学性能,将有机改性的蒙脱土与苯乙烯均匀混合后再掺合到不饱和聚酯(UP)中,制备了不同粘土含量的不饱和聚酯树脂/粘土(UPR/Clay)纳米复合材料。差热分析发现随着粘土含量的增加,玻璃化温度有所增加。X射线衍射数据表明,纳米复合材料中粘土原有的峰基本消失,表明粘土结构层间距增大,结合透射电镜(TEM),确定此纳米复合材料为插层和剥离结构。冲击试验发现随着粘土加入冲击强度有一最大值。     

Isothermal crystallization kinetics and melting behavior of nylon/saponite and nylon/montmorillonite nanocomposites

DSC thermal analysis and X‐ray diffraction have been used to investigate the isothermal crystallization behavior and crystalline structure of nylon 6/clay nanocomposites. Nylon 6/clay has prepared by the intercalation of ε‐caprolactam and then exfoliating the layered silicates by subsequent polymerization. The DSC isothermal results reveal that introducing saponite into the nylon structure causes strongly heterogeneous nucleation induced change of the crystal growth process from a two‐dimensional crystal growth to a three dimensional spherulitic growth. But the crystal growth mechanism of nylon/montmorillonite nanocomposites is a mixed two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional spherulitic growth. The activation energy drastically decreases with the presence of 2.5 wt % clay in nylon/clay nanocomposites and then slightly increases with increasing clay content. The result indicates that the addition of clay into nylon induces the heterogeneous nucleation (a lower ΔE) at lower clay content and then reduces the transportation ability of polymer chains during crystallization processes at higher clay content (a higher ΔE). The correlation among crystallization kinetics, melting behavior, and crystalline structure of nylon/clay nanocomposites is also discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 2196–2204, 2004     

N-苯马来酰亚胺改性不饱和聚酯树脂

研究了N-苯基马来酰亚胺(NPMI)在苯乙烯中的溶解规律,即NPMI在苯乙烯中溶解度呈线性关系:5~35℃时,S=0.1t;40~60℃时,S=4.2+2.2t。NPMI的引入可以有效提高不饱和聚酯(UP)树脂的耐热性,NPMI用量在1%~9%,可以将UP树脂的热变形温度提高4.5℃。研究了NPMI用量对UP树脂浇注体拉伸强度和冲击强度的影响,对材料冲击断面进行了SEM表征。NPMI用量为2%时,材料的拉伸强度最大,提高了5.5%,达到67.3 MPa;NPMI用量为6%时,材料的冲击强度最大,提高了23%,达到8.6 kJ/m2。     

环氧树脂／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备与性能

重点综述了影响蒙脱土片层在环氧基体中剥离的主要因素。根据环氧树脂／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的结构特点,解释了其力学性能、热性能、耐腐蚀和阻隔性能得到明显改善的原因。     

Control of gel time and exotherm behaviour during cure of unsaturated polyester resins

The curing behaviour of an unsaturated polyester resin has been studied by gel time and pseudo‐adiabatic exotherm measurements. The gel time corresponded closely with the initial rise in exotherm temperature. Incorporation of tert‐butyl catechol inhibitor increased the gel time in a linear fashion and the exotherm was similarly delayed. An increase in the concentrations of initiator (either methyl ethyl ketone peroxide or acetyl acetone peroxide) or cobalt octoate accelerator decreased the gel time in a reciprocal fashion and increased the rate of polymerization. These results are fitted to a theoretical model for inhibition and initiation. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

具有高伸长率的二异氰酸酯改性不饱和聚酯

介绍了1种新型二异氰酸酯改性不饱和聚酯,该树脂可以室温固化,固化后树脂的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别可达20 MPa和106%。该树脂可用于制作高柔韧性制品,亦可以加入到其他不饱和聚酯中,提高其冲击性能和断裂伸长率。     

苯乙烯对不饱和聚酯树脂性能的影响

本文主要探讨了不饱和聚酯中应用得最广泛的活性稀释剂——苯乙烯，对不饱和聚酯树脂机械性能、电性能、吸水性、耐化学性等的影响，从而为实际生产中采用最佳的苯乙烯含量提供参考。     

表面活性剂在聚合物/蒙脱石纳米复合材料制备中的应用

简要叙述了蒙脱石的结构;综述了阳离子表面活性剂插层蒙脱石以形成有机蒙脱石的机理、插层方法以及阳离子表面活性剂的结构对被插层蒙脱石的层间距的影响;讨论了不同类型的聚合物/蒙脱石纳米复合材料制备方法;同时比较了所得到的纳米复合材料的力学性能、热性能与纯聚合物的力学性能和热性能。结果表明:前者的力学性能和热性能比后者均有较大程度的提高。最后提出了聚合物/蒙脱石纳米复合材料目前存在的问题、发展方向和应用前景等。     

不饱和聚酯废弃物的回收利用

综述了近年来废旧不饱和聚酯制品的回收利用技术进展,对几种主要的回收方法:化学回收(包括高温热解、低温热解、超临界/亚临界水解、醇解、胺解、生物酶分解)、物理回收和能量回收等进行了比较。分析了不饱和聚酯回收的主要问题和今后发展方向。