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1.
    
An attempt has been made to investigate the effect of the block length of hydrophilic segments on the structure and mass transfer properties of segmented polyurethane (HSPU). Three different block lengths of hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) segments were used, namely PEG‐200, PEG‐2000 and PEG‐3400, where the numbers indicate the molecular weight of the PEG in g mol?1. The HSPU were characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and tensile testing. Mass transfer properties were measured by sorption and water vapour flux (WVF) measurements. The control sample polyurethanes without PEG and a sample with PEG‐200 showed amorphous structure and an unclear phase separation as detected by WAXD, DSC and DMTA. There is evidence that the introduction of PEG blocks into the polyurethane matrix aids soft‐segment crystallization. The percentage crystallinity of soft segments was the highest with PEG‐2000 and an increase of PEG block length to 3400 g mol?1 resulted in a decrease in crystallinity. Mechanically, polyurethane without PEG is tough while percentage strain at maximum load increased with increasing block length of PEG. In addition, sorption and WVF increased linearly with increasing PEG block length and with temperature. The permeability of such HSPUs is a function of temperature and showed a good fit to an Arrhenius form. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

2.
摘要:在对比甲醇与乙酸浮选分离丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯塑料(ABS)和高抗冲聚苯乙烯(PS-HI)的基础上,研究了乙酸、氢氧化钠、盐酸调节单宁酸-松油醇-水体系的pH值对ABS和PS-HI浮选的影响,并通过测量接触角对吸附机理进行了分析。实验结果表明,pH值会改变废旧ABS,PS-HI的亲/疏水性;要达到最佳分离效率,最适pH值在酸性范围内;不同pH调节剂对ABS,PS-HI的亲/疏水性影响不同,用乙酸调节pH值时PS-HI的疏水性变化较小,最适pH值为3~4;用盐酸调节pH值时ABS的亲水性基本保持不变,最适pH值为4~5.5。吸附机理表明,H+在单宁酸和塑料之间起桥梁作用,且H+对ABS的抑制性更强。  相似文献   

3.
为提高聚氨酯泡沫(PUF)的疏水性能,首先采用十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷(HDTMS)对花生壳粉末(PSP)进行改性,得到疏水改性花生壳粉末(H-PSP)。水接触角测试结果表明,改性后H-PSP的水接触角由PSP的0°提高至145.2°。然后采用预聚体法制备了PUF负载H-PSP复合材料(H-PSP-PUF-n,n为H-PSP占聚氨酯预聚体PPU的质量分数)。对H-PSP-PUF-n的结构和性能进行了表征与测试。结果表明,H-PSP的负载提高了泡沫材料的表面粗糙度和力学性能,H-PSP的最佳负载量为PPU质量的10%(H-PSP-PUF-10)。与PUF相比,H-PSP-PUF-10的静态水接触角达到142.4°,较PUF提高了50.4°。对二氯甲烷、石油醚、煤油、二甲苯、环己烷五种油品进行油水分离实验,结果表明,H-PSP-PUF-10对不同油品的吸油倍率在7~9 g/g,而且具有良好的油水选择性。经15次吸附-脱附循环后,H-PSP-PUF-10对各油品的吸油倍率在6.5~8.0 g/g,具有良好的循环利用性。  相似文献   

4.
任龙芳  汤正  胡艳  强涛涛 《精细化工》2023,40(2):263-271
为提高聚氨酯泡沫(PUF)的疏水性能,首先,采用十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷(HDTMS)对花生壳粉末(PSP)进行改性,得到疏水改性花生壳粉末(H-PSP)。水接触角测试结果表明,改性后H-PSP的水接触角由PSP的0°提高至145.2°。然后,采用预聚体法制备了PUF负载H-PSP复合材料[H-PSP-PUF-n,n为H-PSP占聚氨酯预聚体(PPU)质量的百分数]。对H-PSP-PUF-n的结构和性能进行了表征与测试。结果表明,H-PSP的负载提高了泡沫材料的表面粗糙度和力学性能,H-PSP的最佳负载量为PPU质量的10%(标记为H-PSP-PUF-10)。与PUF相比,H-PSP-PUF-10的静态水接触角达到142.4°,较PUF提高了50.4°。对二氯甲烷、石油醚、煤油、二甲苯、环己烷进行油水分离实验,结果表明,H-PSP-PUF-10对石油醚、煤油、二甲苯、环己烷的吸油倍率在7~9 g/g,而且具有良好的油水选择性。经15次吸附-脱附循环后,H-PSP-PUF-10对各油品的吸油倍率在6.5~8.0 g/g,具有良好的循环利用性。  相似文献   

5.
A series of segmented polyurethanes (SPU), based on 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and 1,4-butanediol as hard segments (HS) and poly(propylene glycol) (Mn = 1000) as soft segments, were synthesized. Relationships between microphase separation and the surface and adhesive properties were characterized by thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, contact angle, electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, T-peel and tensile test measurements. Microphase separation occurred for SPU with an HS content of more than 50 wt% and influenced not only the bulk properties, but also the surface properties. Young's modulus and tensile strength increased abruptly for SPU with an HS content of more than 50wt%. Surface free energy also increased in a stepwise manner at an HS content of about 50wt%. The optimum HS content of SPUs for adhesion, based on T-peel test results, also gave good thermal and mechanical properties.  相似文献   

6.
以4,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)和1,4-丁二醇(BDO)为硬单体,制备了6组聚醚与聚酯或不同聚醚混合单体为软链段的嵌段型亲水性聚氨酯防水透湿涂层剂。研究了聚氨酯材料的微结构和软段结构对其防水、透湿性能的影响。结果表明,亲水性聚氨酯软链段的结构、组成、相对分子质量和含量及软、硬段相区间的微相分离程度对材料防水透湿性能的影响较大,亲水性聚氨酯的防水透湿性能主要取决于其中亲水性软链段的亲水性及其活动性。  相似文献   

7.
袁金斗  王彦博  胡涵  余雄江  徐进良 《化工学报》2018,69(10):4156-4166
利用丝网烧结和聚四氟乙烯溶液(Teflon)浸渍法,在铜表面上制备了亲疏水匹配的结构,即在疏水四氟涂层上有阵列排布的椭圆亲水点,仅有四氟涂层的全疏水表面和不作修饰的全亲水铜表面作为对照,考察了以这三种表面为底部换热区域的矩形微小通道(水力直径1.5 mm)的换热特性和流动特性。实验的通道内蒸汽质量流速为10~60 kg·m-2·s-1,干度为0.3~1,亲疏水匹配表面与亲水表面相比,蒸汽冷凝传热系数(HTC)最高增加了454.6%,与全疏水表面相比,传热系数最高增加了107.3%,利用高速相机拍摄可视化照片,观察了通道内气液两相,尤其是表面液滴成核、聚并、冲刷的周期运动过程,解释了亲疏水匹配表面强化传热的机理。  相似文献   

8.
将城市污水二级出水中溶解性有机物分为强疏水性、弱疏水性和亲水性组分,研究其对超滤膜的污染。测定结果表明,二级出水中有机物对膜污染影响程度顺序为:强疏水性有机物>亲水性有机物>弱疏水性有机物。究其原因:(1)膜污染与有机物分子量大小有关,膜选择性地截留强疏水性有机物主要是这类有机物分子量较大所致。(2)从三维荧光光谱图上看,3个组分中均含有腐殖酸类荧光峰,说明腐殖酸类物质对膜通量的衰减贡献最大。(3)强疏水性组分中所含有机物最为复杂,荧光峰最为明显,由此可见膜污染的程度不仅与组分中所含有机物的种类有关,而且与其含量有关。此外,膜被有机物污染的程度与膜对有机物的去除率有着密切的关系。总荧光强度(FLU)可作为总有机物含量的一种指标来反映有机物被膜截留的情况。  相似文献   

9.
马永恒  董秉直 《净水技术》2011,30(5):19-27,71
该文通过混凝+沉淀+超滤联用工艺中试试验,探讨中试规模超滤膜对于原水中有机物亲水/疏水性组分、不同分子量的分布以及有机物属性的去除规律.试验得出,极性亲水性组分和中性亲水性组分经膜过滤DOC浓度下降明显,最容易被膜截留,造成膜通量下降.同时,在混凝沉淀阶段,可以有效去除6 000~1 000 Daltons范围的较大分...  相似文献   

10.
    
J Yuan  J Zhu  CH Zhu  J Shen  SC Lin 《Polymer International》2004,53(11):1722-1728
A possible approach to improve the blood compatibility of poly(ether urethane)s (PU) involves the covalent attachment of key molecules on its surface. The purpose of the present study was to design and synthesise a novel non‐thrombogenic biomaterial by modifying the surface of the PU with a zwitterionic monomer of sulfobetaine via a Jeffamine spacer. In this study, sulfobetaine was grafted onto a PU surface through the following reaction steps: (1) The PU surface was activated with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) in toluene at 50 °C in the presence of di‐n‐butyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) as a catalyst. The extent of the reaction was measured by ATR‐FTIR spectra; a maximum number of free NCO groups was obtained after a reaction time of 90 min. (2) One cap of Jeffamine was reacted with isocyanate groups bound on the surface, so Jeffamine was introduced. (3) The PU surface terminated by Jeffamine was recoupled with isocyanate groups by HDI. (4) The hydroxyl groups of 4‐dimethylamino‐1‐butanol (DMAB) or 2‐dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) were allowed to react with the isocyanate groups capped on Jeffamine. (5) Sulfobetaines were constructed on the surface through the ring‐opening reaction between tertiary amine and 1,3‐propanesultone (PS). It was confirmed by ATR‐FTIR and XPS that the grafted surfaces were composed of sulfobetaine. The results of the contact‐angle measurements and water absorption showed that they were strongly hydrophilic. The results of this platelet adhesion experiment as a preliminary test showed that PU grafted with sulfobetaine has good blood compatibility featured by the low platelet adhesion. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

11.
研制出一种具有较高初粘性的双组分胶粘剂,并对其配比、涂胶时间和温度、涂胶次数等影响粘结强度的因素进行了研究,找到其适宜的配比为ω(A):ω(B)=100:5~10(最好为100:7~8),活化条件40℃~60℃,活化时间10min~15min。在此条件下,该胶粘剂对各种鞋用材料的粘合均显示出较高的初粘性(剥离强度大于100N/2.5cm)及终粘力。用此胶粘剂进行帮底粘接后,其剥离强度在1h内即达国标GB1002的要求。  相似文献   

12.
郭骥  姬忠礼 《过程工程学报》2019,19(6):1143-1152
为探究油品中非烃化合物对滤材聚结性能的影响,在固定含水量1000?10?6(wt)的油水乳状液中添加不同浓度的苯酚,研究亲油疏水滤材的除水效率及过程压降。结果表明,实验过程中滤材的压降有3个阶段:油品对滤材的润湿及水膜初步形成、滤材中水膜形成并稳定、水珠脱落与聚结的动态平衡。随苯酚浓度增加,滤材从疏水态经过渡态逐渐转变为亲水态,苯酚与水摩尔比约为1:3.3时,疏水态向过渡态转变,苯酚与水摩尔比约为1:1.6时,过渡态向亲水态转变,C6H6O(H2O)2是苯酚?水团簇最稳定的结合方式。  相似文献   

13.
简单介绍了聚氨酯/脲涂层的附着机理研究,从机械表面处理、化学表面改性两个方面综述了表面改性技术在聚氨酯/脲涂料附着性能研究中的应用,并对聚氨酯/脲涂料未来的研究方向提出展望。  相似文献   

14.
    
The photolamination of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) by bulk photografting is described, along with a discussion of the adhesion mechanism. HDPE can be photolaminated very easily with a thin poly(acrylic acid) layer, photopolymerized from acrylic acid, with very strong adhesion obtained after a short time of UV irradiation; the adhesion failure mode is polyethylene breakage. Thicker HDPE sheets require longer irradiation times for strong adhesion. Methacrylic acid or hydroxyethyl methacrylate provides no adhesion of HDPE at all after irradiation. When glycidyl acrylate is used alone between HDPE sheets, the peel strength of the photolaminated polyethylene is only approximately 320 N/m, but when glycidyl acrylate or hydroxyethyl methacrylate is grafted with acrylic acid, very good adhesion can be obtained. It is proposed that stronger adhesion is produced by a less branched grafted chain structure, which permits much more chain entanglement. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 1097–1106, 2005  相似文献   

15.
    
In the present study, a novel hydrophobic/hydrophilic polystyrene/polyamide interpenetrating polymer network (PS/PAM IPN) was synthesized and its molecular structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared ray (FT‐IR) spectrum, chemical analysis, swelling test, and N2 adsorption‐desorption experiment. The obtained PS/PAM IPN was employed as a polymeric adsorbent to adsorb quercetin from aqueous solution, and the adsorption thermodynamics were calculated according to thermodynamic equations. It was found that no chemical bond was formed between PS and PAM and PS/PAM IPN held characters of amphiphilic polymer network (APN). The adsorption isotherms could be well fitted by Freundlich isotherm, and the adsorption was shown to be an exothermic, spontaneous, and more ordered process. The total adsorption capacity from the column adsorption experiment was measured to be 8.6 mg/mL wet resin, and the adsorbed quercetin on PS/PAM IPN could be easily desorbed by 10% of hydrochloric acid‐ethanol. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010  相似文献   

16.
以多元醇、异氰酸酯、含羟基丙烯酸酯和光引发剂等为原料,制备了PET(聚酯)基材粘接用光/湿双固化PU(聚氨酯)-PUA(聚氨酯丙烯酸酯)型反应性HMA(热熔胶)。研究结果表明:该HMA中同时含有可光固化基团(C=C)和可湿固化基团(-NCO);当n(C=C)∶n(-NCO)=20∶80、w(复合光引发剂)=1.5%~2.0%和引入甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)时,相应HMA具有较高的初始强度和最终强度;光/湿双固化HMA的透明度高于湿固化HMA,说明UV固化是增加光/湿双固化HMA透明度的主要原因。  相似文献   

17.
聚氨酯丙烯酸水性木器涂料附着力影响因素的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以水性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯乳液(PUA)为基料配制水性木器涂料。从润湿与附着的角度考察了乳液种类、涂布量、基材润湿剂、附着力促进剂、成膜助剂等对PUA涂膜附着力的影响。结果表明:PUA乳液表面张力越低,润湿性越好,PUA涂膜附着力越强;涂布量增加,涂膜厚度增加,涂膜附着力降低;加入0.6%~0.8%(质量分数)基材润湿剂可明显提高涂膜附着力;附着力促进剂硅烷偶联剂能有效提高涂膜附着力;成膜助剂也对涂膜附着力有影响。  相似文献   

18.
    
Ternary blends of polypropylene (PP), a polypropylene‐grafted acrylic acid copolymer (PP‐g‐AA), and an ethylene–acrylic acid copolymer (EAA) were prepared by melt blending. The surfaces of films with different contents of these three components were characterized with contact‐angle measurements. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis were used to characterize the microstructure, melting and crystalline behavior, and thermal stability of the blends. The contact angles of the PP/PP‐g‐AA blends decreased monotonically with increasing PP‐g‐AA content. With the incorporation of EAA, the contact angles of the PP/PP‐g‐AA/EAA ternary blends decreased with increasing EAA content. When the concentration of EAA was higher than 15 wt %, the contact angles of the ternary blends began to increase. Scanning electron microscopy observations confirmed that PP‐g‐AA acted as a compatibilizer and improved the compatibility between PP and EAA in the ternary blends. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis suggested that acrylic acid moieties could act as nucleating agents for PP in the polymer blends. Thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermogravimetry confirmed the optimal blend ratio for the PP/PP‐g‐AA/EAA ternary blends was 70/15/15. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 436–442, 2006  相似文献   

19.
以PU-PUA(聚氨酯-聚氨酯丙烯酸酯)为基体、HDI(六亚甲基二异氰酸酯)三聚体和HEA(丙烯酸羟乙酯)为自制交联剂,采用全湿固化法、光/湿双固化法和全光固化法制备相应的反应型HMA(热熔胶)。研究结果表明:不同反应型HMA的热稳定性能依次为全湿固化型>光/湿双固化型>全光固化型;光/湿双固化反应型HMA经光照后,已光固化的链段束缚了可湿固化链段的移动,这是该HMA凝胶含量较低和微观相分离程度不高的主要原因。以多异氰酸酯或自制交联剂为助剂,两者均可增加HMA的凝胶含量,但后者能显著提高初始剪切强度(0.752~0.802 MPa),并且后者对初始180°剥离强度的影响与交联剂的n(-C=C-)∶n(剩余-NCO)有关,其中含n(3HDI-1HEA)∶n(剩余-NCO)=15∶100体系的综合性能相对较好。  相似文献   

20.
    
We synthesized novel polyurethane (PU) membranes from isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with a molecular weight of 2000, aminopropyl-terminated poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) with a molecular weight of 2000, and 1,4-butanediol (BDO) via a two-step polymerization. The structure of each synthesized membrane was studied through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. The effect of the thermal behavior was determined by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. The gas-permeability characteristics of the PU membranes were then tested for a single gas. The results show that the permeability of CO2 (PCO2) gradually increased with PDMS content. Among these PU membranes, PU-d (PEG/PDMS = 1:1, PEG/PDMS/IPDI/BDO = 1:3:2) showed the best PCO2 (132.6 Barrer) at 25°C and 1 bar pressure. The gas-permeability coefficients of each PU membrane at different operating temperatures were investigated, and the results show that PCO2 reached 302.6 Barrer at 65°C and 1 bar. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47723.  相似文献   

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