Stress intensity factor computation using the method of fundamental solutions

In this paper, we study the application of the method of fundamental solutions to the computation of stress intensity factors in linear elastic fracture mechanics. The displacements are approximated by linear combinations of the fundamental solutions of the Cauchy–Navier equations of elasticity and the leading terms for the displacement near the crack tip. The applicability of two formulations of the method is demonstrated on two mode I crack problems, where it is shown that accurate approximations for the stress intensity factors can be obtained with relatively few degrees of freedom. Parts of this work were undertaken while the first author was a Visiting Professor in the Department of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, U.S.A.     

应力强度因子计算的样条虚边界元法

含有裂纹的工程结构在荷载作用时在裂纹尖端会产生应力奇异的现象,其严重的程度可用应力强度因子来表征。采用基于Kelvin基本解的样条虚边界元法,结合位移外推法,给出了断裂问题应力强度因子的求解方法。通过对两个典型断裂问题的分析,对边界子段与虚边界元的划分、小单元的采用以及拟合点位置的确定等关键问题展开了讨论,获得了相关计算参数的选取规律,为该法在断裂问题的进一步应用打下良好的基础。     

Stress intensity factors for cracked triangular cross‐section thin‐walled tubes

For one kind of finite‐boundary crack problems, the cracked equilateral triangular cross‐section tube, an analytical and very simple method to determine the stress intensity factors has been proposed based on a new concept of crack surface widening energy release rate and the principle of virtual work. Different from the classical crack extension energy release rate, the crack surface widening energy release rate can be defined by the G*‐integral theory and expressed by stress intensity factors. This energy release rate can also be defined easily by the elementary strength theory for slender structures and expressed by axial strains and loads. These two forms of crack surface widening energy release rate constitute the basis of a new analysis method for cracked tubes. From present discussions, a series of stress intensity factors are derived for cracked equilateral triangular cross‐section tubes. Actually, the present method can also be applied to cracked polygonal tubes.     

A direct method for calculating the stress intensity factor in BEM

The proposed algorithm employs singular crack tip elements in which the stress intensity factor appears as a degree of freedom. The additional degrees of freedom are compensated by constraint conditions which originate from imposing continuity across elements and a contour integration formula. The two benchmark problems indicate the proposed algorithm can accurately predict the stress intensity factor and the distribution of the primary and secondary variables in fracture problems.     

A NUMERICAL SCHEME FOR MODE III DYNAMIC FRACTURE PROBLEMS

This paper summarizes the formulation and numerical implementation of a spectral scheme specially designed for dynamic anti-plane shear (mode III) fracture problems. The scheme allows for a wide variety of simulations ranging from the dynamic loading of stationary cracks to the spontaneous propagation of faults. The method is based on a spectral form of the elastodynamic relation between the shearing tractions acting on the fracture surface and the resulting slip velocity response for a planar two-dimensional crack in an infinite linearly elastic medium. The formulation is expressed in the Fourier domain and involves a convolution over the past slip or slip rate history. Conversion between spectral and real domains is performed through the fast Fourier transform algorithm. The time-integration scheme is explicit and a variety of constitutive laws can be used to express the strength of the material on the fault plane. The stability and accuracy of the numerical scheme are discussed through comparison with existing analytical solutions involving non-propagating and propagating cracks. The extraction of the dynamic stress intensity factor from the computed slip history is described. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A mode II weight function for subsurface cracks in a two-dimensional half-space

The general properties of a mode II Weight Function for a subsurface crack in a two‐dimensional half‐space are discussed. A general form for the WF is proposed, and its analytical expression is deduced from the asymptotic properties of the displacements field near the crack tips and from some reference cases obtained by finite elements models. Although the WF has general validity, the main interest is on its application to the study of rolling contact fatigue: its properties are explored for a crack depth range within which the most common failure phenomena in rolling contact are experimentally observed, and for a crack length range within the field of short cracks. The accuracy is estimated by comparison with several results obtained by FEM models, and its validity in the crack depth range explored is shown.     

超声载荷下TC4钛合金的疲劳寿命分析

通过计算裂纹尖端应力强度因子及疲劳裂纹扩展速率da/d N,由C.Paris模型推导出安全寿命Nf,由Bathias公式计算\"哑铃\"状钛合金试样的裂纹扩展寿命。通过理论计算和有限元分析超声疲劳\"哑铃\"状试样,得出应力最大位置。利用有限元仿真和实验数据分析TC4钛合金疲劳寿命。在20 k Hz的超声疲劳试验中,试样的断口位置表明:TC4钛合金材料内部缺陷是试样萌生裂纹使断裂位置偏离最大应力处的主要原因。并得出疲劳裂纹萌生阶段寿命决定\"哑铃\"状试样的疲劳寿命。     

3D J‐integral evaluation using the computation of line and surface integrals

In the analysis of fracture mechanics of structures using three‐dimensional (3D) J‐integral, an integral evaluation of line and surface is required. However, because surface integral evaluation requires the calculation of the second derivative of displacement field and commercial finite element codes cannot calculate it, then this portion of the integral is neglected in some research. In this paper, a method for computing 3D J‐integral is presented using finite element analysis. In the analysis, the second derivative evaluation of displacement field is employed. The method is implemented in calculating the J‐integral of some 3D cracks and results are compared to well‐known reference values. The results show that the method is reliable and is suitable for applications in engineering. The portion of 3D J‐integral, namely the surface integral value is investigated and it is shown that neglecting this portion can introduce considerable error in the final results.     

方形截面管横向裂纹的应力强度因子KI

利用裂纹张开能量释放率建立了一个求解方形截面管横向裂纹应力强度因子的一个方法。给出了方形截面管裂纹张开能量释放率的 G*-积分表征,以及和应力强度因子的关系。同时也给出了 G*-积分与载荷、几何参量以及机械性能参数的关系,进而得到方形截面管横向裂纹的应力强度因子。给出的方法不仅适用于一般箱形结构件的裂纹问题,也适用于其它有限边界多边管状结构的三维裂纹问题,过程极为简单。     

比例边界等几何方法在断裂力学中的应用

该文将比例边界等几何方法(SBIGA)应用在断裂力学中,并就应力强度因子(SIFs)计算精度和收敛速度与传统比例边界有限元(SBFEM)进行了比较。与SBFEM不同,SBIGA采用非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)作为造型和离散的工具。主要包括了以下两个特点:一方面,有限元模型可直接继承于CAD系统,即节约划分网格的时间也避免了几何近似。另一方面,因为不需要进一步与CAD系统数据交换就可以保型细分,二维问题中自适应分析策略的实施十分方便。算例表明,SBIGA方法可以给出较SBFEM更为精确的结果和更快的收敛速度。其原因不仅得益于对曲边几何形状的精确描述,还来源于NURBS高阶的连续性。     

A general Boundary Element Analysis of 2-D Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics

This paper presents a boundary element method (BEM) analysis of linear elastic fracture mechanics in two-dimensional solids. The most outstanding feature of this new analysis is that it is a single-domain method, and yet it is very accurate, efficient and versatile: Material properties in the medium can be anisotropic as well as isotropic. Problem domain can be finite, infinite or semi-infinite. Cracks can be of multiple, branched, internal or edged type with a straight or curved shape. Loading can be of in-plane or anti-plane, and can be applied along the no-crack boundary or crack surface. Furthermore, the body-force case can also be analyzed. The present BEM analysis is an extension of the work by Pan and Amadei (1996a) and is such that the displacement and traction integral equations are collocated, respectively, on the no-crack boundary and on one side of the crack surface. Since in this formulation the displacement and/or traction are used as unknowns on the no-crack boundary and the relative crack displacement (i.e. displacement discontinuity) as unknown on the crack surface, it possesses the advantages of both the traditional displacement BEM and the displacement discontinuity method (DDM) and yet gets rid of the disadvantages associated with these methods when modeling fracture mechanics problems. Numerical examples of calculation of stress intensity factors (SIFs) for various benchmark problems were conducted and excellent agreement with previously published results was obtained. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Dynamic stress intensity factors due to scattering of harmonic waves by a crack in an infinite medium

An analytical method for calculating dynamic stress intensity factors in the mixed mode (combination of opening and sliding modes) using complex functions theory is presented. The crack is in infinite medium and subjected to the plane harmonic waves. The basis of the method is grounded on solving the two‐dimensional wave equations in the frequency domain and complex plane using mapping technique. In this domain, solution of the resulting partial differential equations is found in the series of the Hankel functions with unknown coefficients. Applying the boundary conditions of the crack, these coefficients are calculated. After solving the wave equations, the stress and displacement fields, also the J‐integrals are obtained. Finally using the J‐integrals, dynamic stress intensity factors are calculated. Numerical results including the values of dynamic stress intensity factors for a crack in an infinite medium subjected to the dilatation and shear harmonic waves are presented.