Improved design method for optimum gain pyramidal horns

A technique, simple and easy to use, is presented to design the optimum gain pyramidal horn. The optimum gain pyramidal horn design equation available in the literature is improved. Design parameters are computed from the simple and explicit analytical formulas. The pyramidal horn gain is determined with no path length error approximation. Several design examples are given to show the performance of the improved design technique. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 11: 188–193, 2001.     

On the optimum pyramidal‐horn design methods

In this article the optimum pyramidal‐horn design methods are considered. The validity of comparing the different methods with respect to design accuracy is examined in light of the fundamental accuracy limits of Schelkonoff's horn‐gain formulas. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2006.     

Double‐ridged conical horn antenna for wideband applications

In this article, the design and analysis of a double‐ridged conical horn antenna with high gain and low cross polarization for wideband applications is presented. Double‐ridged pyramidal horn antennas have been investigated in many references. There are no papers in the literature which are devoted to design and analysis of double‐ridged conical horn antenna. The designed antenna has a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) less than 2.1 for the frequency range of 8–18 GHz. Moreover, the proposed antenna exhibits extremely low cross polarization, low side lobe level, high gain, and stable far‐field radiation characteristics in the entire operating bandwidth. A new technique for synthesizing of the horn flare section is introduced. A coaxial line to circular double‐ridged waveguide transition is introduced for coaxial feeding of the designed antenna. The proposed antenna is simulated with commercially available packages such as CST microwave studio and Ansoft HFSS in the operating frequency range. Simulation results for the VSWR, radiation patterns, and gain of the designed antenna over the frequency band 8–18 GHz are presented and discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2009.     

基于传递函数的汽车喇叭支架结构优化

针对某试验样车在喇叭工作状态下离合器踏板产生振动的问题,通过有限元分析和试验测试分别得出传递路径的加速度频率响应函数.通过NVH试验测得离合器踏板处的加速度频率响应,并与用有限元法计算传递函数得到的结果对比,二者吻合较好.在已有设计空间内优化喇叭支架结构,并比较喇叭支架优化前、后离合器踏板处的加速度频率响应.对喇叭支架优化后离合器踏板的加速度频率响应测试结果表明,离合器踏板振动问题基本消除.     

利用载噪比比较法测量天线G/T值研究

天线系统的增益G与接收系统噪声温度T的比值称之为G／T值,是信道各参数中十分重要的技术指标,是衡量地面站灵敏度的质量指标,G／T值越高,表明地面站检测来自卫星信号的能力越强。利用频谱仪,低噪声下变频器以及功分器对于天线系统的G／T值进行测试,利用载噪比比较法对天线系统的G/T值进行测量,介绍了该方法计算时的公式和原理,通过标准喇叭的G/T值,融合待测天线和标准增益喇叭分别目标卫星信标,可获得各自的归一化载噪比,得到最终的天线G/T值。经过具体的测试实验,得到了天线的G/T值,实验证明,该方法确实行之有效。     

A compact substrate integrated waveguide H‐plane horn antenna with dielectric arc lens

An H‐plane horn antenna constructed into SIW (substrate integrated waveguide) is proposed. It has a dielectric arc lens for better directivity and a simple microstrip transition as feed. The horn, the lens and the transition share the same substrate. The resulting formula from optical principles shows that the suitable dielectric lens can improve the directivity of the antenna significantly. A prototype was fabricated; the antenna size is 39.175 × 14 × 2 mm³. The frequency band is from 25.5 to 28.5 GHz. The measured gain of this antenna is about 9 dB; the bandwidth, at 10 dB return loss, is over 12%. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2007.     

Improved diffraction model and numerical validation for horn antenna gain calculations

In this study, the diffraction model for on‐axis gain calculations of rectangular horn antennas has been improved, mainly through refining the expressions for the aperture fields of the horn to more accurately reflect the astigmatic nature of the wave that emanates from the throat of the horn. As the availability of accurate swept‐frequency measurement results for horn antennas is very limited, the method of moments, employing the multilevel fast multipole method, has been used to validate the improved diffraction model for horn antennas with widely varying flare dimensions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2009.     

Radiation pattern and properties of double‐flared diagonal horn antenna

This article is concerned with analytical model for radiation pattern of a new double‐flared diagonal horn antenna using “plane wave spectra technique for 3D fields”. The double‐flared diagonal horn antenna is accomplished by adding one more set of flares in E‐ and H‐planes with equal flare angles into conventional diagonal horn. The copolarized and cross‐polarized radiation patterns in E‐, H‐, and D‐planes have been computed utilizing the analytical model and reported in the article. The parametric studies on peak cross‐polarization level have carried out. The radiation performance of double‐flared and conventional diagonal horns for same length and aperture size are also compared. It is investigated that double‐flared diagonal horn antenna posses better peak cross‐polarization level (≈?16.5 dB) in D‐plane (±45° plane) in comparison of conventional diagonal horn (≈?15.5 dB) at design frequency and retains almost circularly symmetric radiating beam at lower values of elevation angles. Also, double‐flared diagonal horn has better matches with free‐space and has slightly lower gain (≤0.5 dB) in comparison of conventional diagonal horn. The work presented here can provide useful design guidelines for development of prototypes of double‐flared diagonal horn, which may find potential application in satellite communication and imaging applications etc. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2009.     

A metallic 3D printed K‐band quasi‐pyramidal‐horn antenna array

A K‐band (18‐27 GHz) antenna array is presented in this article. By deposing the quasi‐pyramidal‐horn upon a print circuit board (PCB), a traveling‐wave quasi‐pyramidal‐horn antenna is formed. Parasitic rings are introduced to decrease the quality factor for an extended bandwidth. The antenna element demonstrates impedance bandwidth 18.6 to 23.3 GHz. The gain is 10.3 dBi at 20.4 GHz with a stable radiation pattern. The impedance bandwidth of a 2 × 2 array is 18.3 to 22.7 GHz, with a maximum gain of 15.2 dBi at 20.4 GHz. The simulated and measured radiation patterns on E‐ and H‐planes at 20.4 GHz agree well. Taking advantage of the 3D printing technology, the quasi‐pyramidal horn is fabricated by selective laser melting using aluminum alloy for time‐saving and process simplicity. The proposed design highlights the hybrid usage of PCB and metallic 3D printing technology in fabricating microwave devices. It is a capable candidate for wireless communication.     

Alternative approach to low‐noise amplifier design for ultra‐wideband applications

Conventional ultra‐wideband low‐noise amplifiers require a flat gain over the entire 3.1–10.6 GHz bandwidth, which severely restraints the trade‐off spaces in low noise amplifier design. This article proposes a relaxed gain‐flatness requirement based on system level investigations. Considering the wireless transceiver front‐end with antenna and propagation channel, the unflat‐gain low‐noise amplifier with an incremental gain characteristic does not degrade the performance of overall system. As an alternative to its flat‐gain counterpart, the proposed unflat gain requirement tolerates gain ripple as large as 10 dB, which greatly eases the design challenges to low‐noise amplifier for ultra‐wideband wireless receivers. Two low‐noise amplifier examples are given to demonstrate the feasibility and design flexibility under the proposed gain‐flatness requirement. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2007.     

利用状态反馈增益变化设计广义系统H∞可靠控制器

通过对状态反馈两种增益变化形式的分析,研究广义系统H∞可靠控制器的设计问题.给出基于状态反馈增益变化的广义系统H∞可靠控制器的定义,得到了执行器故障模型.用线性矩阵不等式(LMI)方法,研究两种状态反馈增益变化的广义系统H∞控制器存在的充分条件和设计方法.进而,针对执行器的不同故障情形,用LMI方法给出广义系统存在基于状态反馈增益变化的H∞可靠控制器的充分条件.最后,给出了优化广义系统H∞可靠控制器的设计算法.     

Robust decentralized fast-output sampling technique based power system stabilizer for a multi-machine power system

Power-system stabilizers (PSSs) are added to excitation systems to enhance the damping during low-frequency oscillations. In this paper, the design of robust decentralized PSS for four machines with a 10-bus system using fast-output sampling feedback is proposed. The nonlinear model of a multimachine system is linearized at different operating points, and 16 linear state space models are obtained. For all of these plants, a common stabilizing state feedback gain, F, is obtained. A robust decentralized fast-output sampling feedback gain which realizes this state feedback gain is obtained using LMI approach. This method does not require all the states of the system for feedback and is easily implementable. This robust decentralized fast-output sampling control is applied to a nonlinear plant model of several machines at different operating (equilibrium) points. This method yields encouraging results for the design of power-system stabilizers.     

Observer-based H-infinity output feedback control with feedback gain and observer gain variations for Delta operator system

Considering that the controller feedback gain and the observer gain are of additive norm-bounded variations, a design method of observer-based H-infinity output feedback controller for uncertain Delta operator systems is proposed in this paper. A sufficient condition of such controllers is presented in linear matrix inequality （LMI） forms. A numerical example is then given to illustrate the effectiveness of this method, that is, the obtained controller guarantees the closed-loop system asymptotically stable and the expected H-infinity performance even if the controller feedback gain and the observer gain are varied.     

Compact wideband circularly polarized horn antenna with tapered slot‐coupled feeding for Ku‐band applications

A compact wideband circularly polarized (CP) horn antenna with slot‐coupled feeding structure at Ku band for satellite communication is devised. The proposed design is based on a square aperture horn antenna with two orthogonal ridges, which is fed by nonuniform curved slot along the diagonal of the horn on the bottom cavity. And in order to improve the impedance matching, a staircase typed ridge is connected the feeding probe as a matching network. Moreover, two orthogonal ridges are excited with a tapered slot coupled by the staircase ridges via feeding probe. Wideband CP performance is achieved with an overall physical dimension of 9 mm × 9 mm × 14 mm (0.045λ₀ × 0.045λ₀ × 0.07λ₀ at frequency of 15 GHz). It is experimentally demonstrated that the proposed antenna achieves: a wide 10‐dB return loss bandwidth of about 2.4 GHz, a 3‐dB axial ratio bandwidth of 1 GHz, and a peak gain of 6.5 dBi.     

一类线性不确定组合系统的鲁棒控制器和观测器设计*

本文研究了一类带有结构不确定性的线性组合系统的鲁控制器和观测器设计问题，文中给出一种设计分散控制器和分散观测器的方法，其中状态反馈增益 观测器增益阵由两个黎卡提议方程的解给出。     

Quad‐ridged conical horn antenna for wideband applications

This article presents a quad‐ridged conical horn antenna with high gain and low side lobe level for broadband applications. To the best of authors' knowledge, the proposed structure presented in this article is completely new. The designed antenna introduces a low VSWR, which is lower than 2.2 for the frequency range of 8–18 GHz, and simultaneously achieves high gain as well as dual‐polarizations with high isolation between the corresponding excitations. The common impedance exponential tapering is used at the flare section of the horn, and a coax to waveguide transition, namely quadruple‐ridged circular waveguide, with a conical cavity is used to improve the VSWR. The proposed antenna structure is designed and simulated by two well established packages, namely the CST microwave studio and the Ansoft HFSS, showing there is a close agreement between the results obtained by the aforementioned softwares. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2009.     

一类非线性欠驱动移动系统的加速度反馈增强的H∞扰支抑制控制

In this paper, a generalized acceleration feedback control (AFC) design method, named AFC enhanced H∞ controller, is proposed for both fnllactuated and underactuated nonlinear autonomous vehicle systems. The AFC is designed as a robust enhancement to the normal control based on known dynamics. First, in order to reject the uncertainties and external disturbances, a linear prefilter is used in the new AFC design method to replace the high gain in the normal AFC. Then, backstepping algorithm is applied to the AFC design of underactuated systems. The analysis of both the disturbance attenuation in frequency domain and input-output finite gain L2 stability shows the new controller design method is applicable. In the end, simulations are conducted with respect to the tracking control of unmanned model helicopter. The results are compared with those obtained by the tracking control without AFC to verify the feasibility of the new method.     

几种常用喇叭天线的计算机计算和计算机设计

论文的工作在于取定尽量精确而又尽量简单的、便于应用的、与测试结果吻合程度好的计算式;不涉及计算的具体程序,但将提及计算的大致步骤和计算过程中可能出现的一些现象以及要注意的问题,并在必要时给出实例或典型数据。     

GSM filtering of horn antennas using modified double square frequency selective surface

In this work, a dual‐band frequency selective surface (FSS) is proposed to be placed perpendicularly into the apertures of horn antennas for prefiltering 900 and 1800 MHz GSM signals interfering during the signal reception, with the enhanced return loss, gain, and directivity at the desired frequencies. For this purpose, the microstrip double square loop MDSL is modified in the first stage. As for the second stage, an FSS array (2 × 2) is built up arranging the unit MDSLs in a periodic structure and finally these FSS unit arrays are fixed perpendicularly covering the aperture of a ridged horn antenna which is a part of the available radar system operating between 0.5 and 3 GHz in our laboratory, to construct an integrated module having both bandstop prefilter and horn antenna called “filtenna.” The simulated and experimental results are agreed that the proposed FSS structure attenuates GSM signals at the 900 and 1800 MHz through the high reflection and very poor transmission mechanisms meanwhile enhances return loss characteristics, radiation pattern, and gain of the horn antenna in the desired band. Thus, it can be concluded that these simple microstrip FSS structure can be effectively adapted to the horn antennas which need the GSM prefiltering.     

隐蔽式攻击下的离散系统区间观测器设计

本文研究了隐蔽式攻击下的网络化控制系统的安全估计问题.首先,根据攻击保持隐蔽的条件,得到了攻击信号的上界和下界.其次,基于边界信息设计了一类原坐标系下的区间观测器,并进一步通过坐标变换放宽增益矩阵的设计条件,给出了变换下的区间观测器设计方法.然后,提出了基于H_∞滤波理论计算隐蔽式攻击下的最优观测器增益的方法,并通过求解线性矩阵不等式获得最优增益矩阵.最后,通过仿真算例验证了所提方法的有效性.