一种鲁棒的指纹奇异点检测方法

提出一种两阶段的奇异点检测方法。将指纹图像分块,求出各块的方向构成块方向图,并在块方向图的基础上利用邻域方向的分布分析结合改进的Poincare Index方法来确定奇异点所在的候选区域,对候选区域中的像素再通过计算局部方向变化率来确定奇异点的精确位置。将此方法用于对FVC2004 DB1_A指纹数据库的图像,实验结果表明这种方法对指纹图像中的噪声有很好的鲁棒性,并且计算简单快速,易于实现。     

指纹奇异点精确定位新方法

针对指纹图像奇异点快速精确定位的难题,提出一种简单实用算法。对指纹图像预处理,计算方向场并归域化,接着选出奇异点候选区,并以Poincare Index（PI）算法从中提取奇异点候选点集。对候选奇异点集去伪并精确定位。采用FVC2004指纹库进行实验验证,结果与PI算法对比,该算法鲁棒性更好,定位更精确,漏检率和误检率分别降低5.86%、6.8%,平均速度提高了3.71~9.38倍,基本满足高精度高速度的指纹奇异点定位要求。     

基于方向图跟踪和对称轴的自动指纹分类算法

采用指纹连续分布方向图跟踪技术,提出指纹对称轴的概念及其算法。在此基础上,提出一种基于方向图跟踪和指纹对称轴的六类自动指纹分类算法,在FVC2000、FVC2002、FVC2004的Set B、FVC2004的Set A指纹库以及本文所采集的指纹库上的分类结果表明,算法能有效地将双旋型和漩涡型指纹正确分开,实现了六类指纹分类,分类正确率达到95.6%,具有较好的健壮性。     

基于方向图跟踪的六类指纹分类算法

自动指纹分类不仅能够为大型指纹库提供重要的索引机制,而且还能够优化系统运行,提高指纹匹配的效率和性能;由于指纹较大的类内差异和较小的类间差异以及低质量指纹的存在,使得自动指纹分类仍是一项公认的难题;采用指纹连续分布方向图跟踪技术,提出了指纹对称轴的概念及其算法;在此基础上,提出了一种基于方向图跟踪的六类自动指纹分类算法,在FVC2000、FVC2002、FVC2004的Set B、FVC2004的Set A指纹库以及文中所采集的指纹库上的分类结果表明,本算法能有效地将双旋型(Twin Loop)和漩涡型(Whorl)指纹正确分开,实现了六类指纹分类,分类正确率达到95.57%,具有较好的健壮性.     

自动指纹识别系统中连续分布方向图的研究

方向图(场)(directional image／field)是自动指纹识别中的一项关键技术，为了进一步提高指纹方向图的精确度，提出了指纹连续分布方向图(场)的概念及其算法。该算法是利用直方图滤波技术对指纹点方向图进行滤波处理，得到连续分布方向图。实践证明这种连续分布方向图过渡平滑、自然，既具有很好的连续性、渐变性和抗噪性，又具有极高的精确度，还兼有指纹点方向图的连续过渡性和块方向图的抗噪性优点。实验结果表明，由于连续分布方向图能更精确地反映指纹脊线的结构特征，且能有效地解决指纹图像方向图的连续过渡性、精确性和抗噪性问题，因而为自动指纹识别系统(AFIS)中高精度的指纹图像增强、二值化、全局特征的提取、自动分类、模板匹配、指纹图像编码等许多关键处理步骤奠定了良好的基础。     

基于加权平均梯度方向场和改进Poincare Index的指纹奇异点检测算法

针对指纹图像具有局部平行性和渐变性以及邻域的脊线方向相关性高的特点,提出了一种基于加权平均梯度的指纹方向场算法。改进了传统的Poincare Index指纹奇异点检测算法。实验证明,在采用加权平均梯度算法获取的方向场上利用改进的Poincare Index算法可实现对低质量指纹图像的奇异点的准确提取。     

一种用于指纹方向场估计的网格插值模型

指纹方向场的估计是指纹识别预处理算法中的重要环节,对算法识别效率起到关键作用。本文提出了一种网格插值模型,该模型以指纹奇异点为中心,将指纹平面做网格划分,利用插值算法建立了方向场与指纹奇异点之间的非线性关系。模型中利用了指纹的全局信息来调整网格点的值,使得它与传统的基于局部信息的方向场算法有本质的区别。在FVC2002 和FVC2004 指纹数据库上的实验结果表明,该模型比传统算法具有更高的准确性和鲁棒性,同时对于低质量的指纹图像,仍然能够给出很好的方向场估计。     

基于方向图的指纹奇异点快速检测方法

准确、快速地检测指纹奇异点(core点和delta点),对指纹分类和指纹匹配等具有重要意义.首先,给出计算指纹图像方向图的算法,然后,在基于方向图的基础上,对传统的基于poincare索引计算公式的指纹奇异点检测算法进行了改进.使用改进算法对PU-JY203U警用活体指纹采集仪采集的指纹(1000枚)进行Matlab仿真.实验结果表明改进后的算法与传统算法相比,在定位奇异点的精确度和速度上都有很大的提高.     

基于奇异点邻近结构的快速指纹识别

将指纹识别中分类和匹配过程相结合,提出了一种包含奇异点周边的方向场和细节点等特征的奇异点邻近结构.该结构利用奇异点周边识别信息集中的特点,大大减少了匹配的计算量,并能够同时作为指纹分类和比对的特征,直接应用于指纹的连续分类和快速匹配过程,实现对大容量指纹数据库的快速识别.在NIST和FVC2004数据库上的测试结果显示,该算法在保证自动指纹识别系统(automatic fingerprint identification system,简称AFIS)的识别准确性的同时,还使得指纹在线识别系统的1:N辨识速度有显著的提高.     

一种基于信息融合的指纹奇异点提取及纹型分类算法

准确可靠地实现纹型分类对提高大容量指纹库中的检索和匹配效率具有重要意义。提出一种基于信息融合的指纹奇异点提取与纹型分类算法。首先,分别给出一种基于奇异点区域方向场信息和奇异区复数滤波场信息的改进的奇异点提取算法,并将两者融合以完整提取奇异点;再利用所提取奇异点邻域的Gaussian-Hermite矩的分布属性剔除伪奇异点;最后,利用奇异点的数目和位置关系及中心点的主方向将指纹分为常见的六种纹型,对缺少三角点的指纹,使用脊线跟踪算法进行分类。实验表明,该方法新颖有效,具有较高的准确性和鲁棒性。     

Singular point detection by shape analysis of directional fields in fingerprints

This paper presents a new fingerprint singular point detection method that is type-distinguishable and applicable to various fingerprint images regardless of their resolutions. The proposed method detects singular points by analyzing the shapes of the local directional fields of a fingerprint image. Using the predefined rules, all types of singular points (upper core, lower core, and delta points) can be extracted accurately and delineated in terms of the type of singular points. In case of arch-type fingerprints there exists no singular point, but reference points for arch-type fingerprints are required to be detected for registration. Therefore, we propose a new reference point detection method for arch-type fingerprints as well. The result of the experiments on the two public databases (FVC2000 2a, FVC2002 2a) with different resolutions demonstrates that the proposed method has high accuracy in locating each types of singular points and detecting the reference points of arch-type fingerprints without regard to their image resolutions.     

连续方向图法在残留指纹分割中的应用

针对残留指纹不易被分割的特点,提出一种连续方向图实现残留指纹分割的应用算法。该算法首先计算点方向图,然后利用直方图滤波技术对指纹点方向图进行滤波处理,得到连续分布方向图;其次对前景区域进一步分析,根据残留指纹和正常指纹方向一般不一致的特点,运用残留指纹与指纹区交界处方向信息变化较大的特性标记出残留指纹和指纹区边界点,然后对标记的一些虚假点进行后处理,最后利用这些边界点进行曲线拟合后去除残留指纹。实验结果表明这种连续分布方向图过渡平滑、自然,既具有很好的连续性、渐变性和抗噪性,又有较高的精度,可以有效地分割残留指纹。     

Singular points detection based on multi-resolution in fingerprint images

The singular points of fingerprints, namely core and delta, play an important role in fingerprint recognition and classification systems. Several traditional methods have been proposed; however, these methods cannot achieve the reliable and accurate detection of poor-quality fingerprints. In this paper, an algorithm is proposed which combines improved Poincaré index and multi-resolution analysis to detect singular points. Conventional Poincaré index method is improved on the basis of the Zero-pole Model analysis to detect singular points with different resolutions. A model is presented to extract the multi-resolution information of the fingerprint pattern; this model divides fingerprint image into nonoverlapping blocks corresponding to different block sizes on the basis of wavelet functions to compute multiple resolution directional fields, and block position shifting is performed on these resolution levels to capture the features of the ridge direction patterns, where the corresponding shifting intervals are based on Sampling theorem. The relationship of singularities detected by improved Poincaré index in different resolution directional fields is used to confirm singular points accurately and reliably. The combination of local and global information makes our algorithm more robust to noise than methods that use local information only, and the existence of this algorithm increases the insight into the nature of singular points extraction. The accuracy and reliability of the method are demonstrated by experiment on database NIST-4, public fingerprint databases FVC02 DB1 and DB2.     

基于方向的指纹奇异点提取

准确、可靠地检测指纹奇异点(核心点和三角点)对于指纹的分类和匹配有重要的意义。针对指纹图像奇异点提取中准确判断和精确定位的难题,介绍了一种比较好的奇异点检测算法。根据奇异点的性质,利用Poincare Index方法求出核心点和三角点。根据相关规则,清除虚假奇异点。实验结果证明该方法能够从指纹图像中较精确、可靠地提取出奇异点。用该方法对不同质量的指纹图像进行实验,并与其他方法进行比较,结果表明该方法更加有效、可靠,具有很好的鲁棒性。     

A method for fingerprint image identification based on Gabor filter and power spectrum

This work presents a fingerprint identification scheme using a coefficient map based on Gabor filter and power spectrum. This process uses Poincaré index in order to locate fingerprint core and delta points and the images are aligned through these singular points before matching. From the core point, this technique divides an input image into quadrants, where information about texture orientation on three Gabor-filter directions is extracted. In the frequency domain, the analysis is based on the power spectrum, aiming towards reducing computational time. Results illustrate the method efficiency and accuracy.     

Residual orientation modeling for fingerprint enhancement and singular point detection

This paper presents a novel method for fingerprint orientation modeling, which executes in two phases. Firstly, the orientation field is reconstructed using a lower order Legendre polynomial to capture the global orientation pattern in the fingerprint structure. Then the preliminary model around the region with presence of fingerprint singularities is dynamically refined using a higher order Legendre polynomial. The singular region is automatically detected through the analysis on the orientation residual field between the original orientation field and the orientation model. The method does not require any prior knowledge on the fingerprint structure. To validate the performance, the method has been applied to fingerprint image enhancement, fingerprint singularity detection and fingerprint recognition using the FVC 2004 data sets. Compared with the recently published Legendre polynomial model, the proposed method attains higher accuracy in fingerprint singularity detection, lower error rates in fingerprint matching.     

一种有效的指纹图像方向滤波增强算法 *

方向滤波是沿着指纹纹线方向滤波的方法。一种方向滤波算法的有效性主要依赖于指纹图像方向估计的准确性和滤波模板构造的合理性。首先利用对低质量指纹图像鲁棒性较高的掩膜法估计点方向 ,并将点方向转换为块方向 ;然后使用八个方向的平滑滤波模板和锐化滤波模板 ,对指纹图像滤波进行增强 ;最后对增强后的指纹图像二值化。通过对 FVC2000指纹数据库 DB2中的指纹图像作增强处理 ,表明该算法增强效果较好。