萤石含量对连铸保护渣结晶性能的影响

通过热丝法得出保护渣连续冷却转变（CCT）和时间-温度转变（TTT）曲线,并用偏光显微分析和X-射线衍射分析方法研究了萤石含量（8%~16%）对碱度1.0的薄板坯连铸结晶器保护渣结晶性能的影响。结果表明,萤石含量每增加2%,保护渣的临界冷却速度平均增加2.5℃;同一冷却速度下,随保护渣中萤石含量的增加,结晶温度升高,结晶率增大,有利于提高界面热阻,控制渣膜传热,减少铸坯表面裂纹产生;因萤石含量超过14%时,渣膜中大量生成结晶矿物枪晶石,对连铸润滑要求较高的钢种,应控制萤石含量≤14%。     

连铸

连铸结晶器非正弦振动振幅的确定，BAO含量对结晶器保护渣润滑和传热行为的影响,连铸结晶器保护渣结晶性能的研究,攀钢大方坯连铸漏钢原因分析及预防措施,宽板坯连铸结晶器内钢液流动的数值模拟.[编者按]     

碱度对无氟渣结晶性能、矿相及传热的影响

传统连铸含氟保护渣,不仅污染环境,而且对铸坯和铸机设备也有不良影响。文章采用实验方法模拟结晶器制取渣膜,通过对渣膜结晶性能的研究和矿相组成的测定,得出碱度对无氟保护渣传热的影响规律:在0.9到1.4碱度范围内,碱度主要通过影响渣膜厚度来控制渣膜传热;在1.4到1.7碱度范围内,碱度主要通过影响渣膜结晶率来控制渣膜传热。为解决无氟保护渣准确控制传热问题提供基础信息和理论依据。     

Na2O对超高碱度连铸保护渣性能的影响

 在包晶钢连铸过程中,裂纹类缺陷频繁出现。生产实践表明,采用结晶性能较强的保护渣可以有效减少纵裂纹的发生,但会恶化保护渣的润滑功能。近年来,超高碱度保护渣由于兼具开始结晶温度低、结晶速率快的特点,可以成功协调包晶钢连铸过程中润滑与传热的矛盾。但在超高碱度条件下,有关组分对保护渣结晶性能的影响研究不多,且相应的熔渣结构特征也鲜有报道。Na₂O作为保护渣中一种常见的组元,对调节保护渣性能具有重要作用。论文采用半球点熔化温度测试仪、旋转黏度计以及高温原位结晶性能测试仪分析了超高碱度下(综合碱度R=1.75)Na₂O对连铸保护渣熔化流动特性以及凝固结晶性能的影响规律和作用机制。研究结果发现,随着Na₂O含量增加,保护渣的黏度(1 300 ℃)、熔化温度、转折温度和结晶温度都呈下降趋势,结晶速率呈现先减小后增大的趋势,当Na₂O质量分数为6%时结晶速率最低。此外,研究还发现超高碱度保护渣中主要析出相为枪晶石(Ca₄Si₂F₂O₇),随着Na₂O含量进一步增加,渣中出现新的结晶相CaF₂和Na₂CaSiO₄F。     

连铸保护渣对20Mn23AlV铸坯表面微裂纹的影响

 针对太钢采用连铸工艺并使用低碱度保护渣生产高锰钢20Mn23AlV铸坯表面存在的微裂纹问题,通过现场取样、渣-金反应等试验,结合金相显微镜、扫描电镜和能谱分析等手段系统研究了表面裂纹的特征和形成过程,在此基础上研究了现有低碱度保护渣在使用前后的成分变化、熔点、黏度和传热等指标的变化情况。结果表明,生产过程中低碱度保护渣中的SiO2被钢液中的铝还原,导致液态渣成分发生变化,从而影响了坯壳与结晶器铜板之间的润滑和传热等性能,导致了高锰钢20Mn23AlV铸坯表面微裂纹缺陷。连铸生产钢液中含有强还原性元素（铝）时,应采用低SiO2质量分数的连铸保护渣,以减少高锰钢连铸坯表面微裂纹的产生,提高铸坯表面质量,实现高锰钢连铸生产顺行。     

连铸结晶器保护渣物化性能的研究进展

连铸结晶器保护渣可减少铸坯粘结和改善结晶器内的传热状况,保证钢种的顺利生产,提高铸坯质量。从保护渣的熔化性能、润滑性能和结晶性能3个方面综述了近年来国内外关于保护渣物化性能的研究现状,分析了连铸生产中保护渣各项物化性能的研究成果和发展水平,指出了结晶器保护渣进一步的研究方向,即保护渣的润滑与传热、吸收夹杂与润滑等的矛盾对保护渣性能的要求。     

含TiO2无氟保护渣的传热研究及生产实践

在对结晶器无氟保护渣熔粘特性研究的基础上,研究了结晶器无氟保护渣渣膜的传热.即在保护渣熔粘特性的基础上利用添加TiO2来降低和控制铸坯及结晶器之间的热传递.结果表明:采用碱度在0.95～1.05范围内、TiO2含量为2.5%的结晶器无氟保护渣,不仅可保证连铸生产所要求的正常渣耗和结晶器进出水温差,而且铸坯表面质量良好.     

低碱度高结晶率连铸保护渣的研究与应用

针对攀钢连铸 Q2 35 G等包晶钢生产中出现的铸坯表面裂纹问题 ,在调查分析裂纹特征及其产生原因的基础上 ,发现保护渣传热过强和保护渣流入不均是诱发角横裂产生的主要原因。通过对保护渣结晶特性的研究 ,开发出了低碱度 (Ca O/ Si O2 <1.0 )、高结晶率的新型包晶钢用连铸保护渣。工业试验表明 ,研制的保护渣具有良好的使用效果 ,所浇铸坯表面质量优良 ,铸坯裂纹较少 ,表面角横裂发生率降低到 4 .19% ,纵裂发生率为 3.4 2 % ,且保护渣润滑作用良好 ,未发生漏钢事故。     

高拉速生产小方坯包晶钢表面质量控制与改善

针对传统包晶钢保护渣在使用过程中的不足,确保保护渣传热性能的前提下兼顾润滑效果,为小方坯包晶钢的连铸高效稳定生产提供新的技术方案.通过保护渣成分设计优化,在原有保护渣的基础上适当降低碱度和黏度,引入LiO2和过渡族金属氧化物(Fe2 O3、MnO),并降低F含量,改善了保护渣在高拉速生产条件下的适用性及稳定性.在一系列...     

碱度对高速薄板坯保护渣结晶性能的影响

为解决薄板坯连铸在高拉速下坯壳表面纵裂纹较多的问题,通过提高保护渣碱度(B)的方式,增强渣膜的结晶性能,进而降低铸坯向结晶器的传热,促进坯壳均匀生长。研究过程中采用单丝热电偶技术、FactSage热力学软件以及数学模型计算等手段分析了高碱度对薄板坯保护渣结晶行为的影响,并揭示了其影响机理。研究结果表明,当碱度从1.60增至1.80时,保护渣的结晶温度区间增大,临界冷却速率提高,结晶活化能降低,说明提高碱度会促进保护渣结晶。同时,在碱度提高过程中,保护渣中晶体的形核和长大机制存在2种情况,分别是B=1.60时形核速率减小、界面反应控制条件下、以二维长大方式生长,以及B=1.70、1.75和1.80时形核速率减小、界面反应控制条件下、以三维长大方式生长。     

唐钢中厚板厂连铸保护渣结晶器渣膜矿相分析

为改善唐钢中厚板厂船板钢的浇铸条件以及铸坯质量,将现场所用保护渣A进行调整形成保护渣B。基于相图平衡计算,采用光学显微镜对保护渣A和B在结晶器内的渣膜进行观察,研究渣膜结构对保护渣润滑和传热的影响机制。结果表明,保护渣A析晶温度和析晶率较高,析晶矿相主要为导热系数大的黄长石,渣膜中存在不均匀分布的气孔,使得铸坯向结晶器传热较快且不均匀,并恶化铸坯润滑,导致发生黏结漏钢,且铸坯出现裂纹,轧材合格率为98.73%。而保护渣B析晶温度和析晶率相应有所降低,渣膜结构分层明显,存在玻璃层,析晶矿相有适量导热系数小的枪晶石,有少量气孔,能有效控制铸坯向结晶器壁的均匀传热,并保证润滑铸坯,避免了黏结漏钢,且显著减少了铸坯裂纹率,轧材合格率为99.65%。     

The Effect of Basicity on the Radiative Heat Transfer and Interfacial Thermal Resistance in Continuous Casting

The basicity of mold flux has been recognized to have a significant influence on the mold flux crystallization in continuous casting, which would in turn affect the heat-transfer rate between the solidified shell and mold. The research regarding the mold flux crystallization as well as its effect on the heat transfer has been conducted intensively. However, few studies have been developed to specify the effect of basicity introduced mold flux crystallization on the radiative heat transfer and interfacial thermal resistance in continuous casting. By using an infrared radiation emitter, a radiative heat flux was applied to a copper mold covered with a solid mold flux disk to simulate the heat-transfer phenomena in continuous casting. The crystallization behaviors of mold fluxes with different basicities and their impact on the radiative heat transfer were investigated dynamically. The interfacial thermal resistance between the solid mold flux and copper mold was also studied in this article. The results suggested that the basicity tends to enhance the mold flux crystallization, leading to the reduction of radiative heat-transfer rate and enlargement of interfacial thermal resistance.     

Effects of Basicity and B2O3 on the Crystallization and Heat Transfer Behaviors of Low Fluorine Mold Flux for Casting Medium Carbon Steels

An investigation was carried out to study the effects of basicity (CaO/Si₂O) and B₂O₃ on the crystallization and heat transfer behaviors of low fluorine mold flux for casting medium carbon steels. The double hot thermocouple technique (DHTT) was employed to study the crystallization behavior of mold flux with a different basicity and B₂O₃ content, under the simulated thermal gradient as in a real caster. The infrared emitter technique (IET) was also applied for the study of heat transfer behavior of the above mold fluxes. By combining the results of IET and DHTT, this article indicated that the increase of basicity would decrease the general heat transfer rate of mold flux, as it tends to promote crystallization of mold flux apparently, while B₂O₃ has the opposite function. The combined effects of basicity and B₂O₃ could be used to adjust the general crystallization and heat transfer properties of low fluorine mold flux for casting medium carbon steels, which would provide an instructive way for the design of Fluorine free mold flux for casting medium carbon steels.     

Heat-Transfer Behavior of Mold Fluxes for Continuous Casting of Invar Alloy

The heat-transfer behavior across mold fluxes for Invar alloy Fe-36Ni would introduce significant influence on the slab surface quality. A study on the heat-transfer property of mold flux film for Invar alloy Fe-36Ni was carried out by an interaction between laboratory simulation and field trial. The study results indicate that great effect on heat transfer across flux film is caused by chemical compositions of mold fluxes. An increase of basicity and CaF₂ content suppresses heat transfer across flux film; heat transfer across flux film increases when the Al₂O₃ content increases from 4 pct to 8 pct but decreases when Al₂O₃ content is above 8 pct. The crystalline phases of both the conventional mold fluxes and the improved mold fluxes are all cuspidine phases. However, crystallization capability of the improved mold fluxes decreases as the result of the increase of basicity and CaF₂ content as well as the decrease of Al₂O₃ content. The average thickness of flux film taken from mold is about 1.6 mm, and the crystalline fraction is only 21.4 pct. All these promote heat transfer across the flux film. The field trial of the improved mold fluxes shows that the properties of liquid slag are steady during continuous casting; comprehensive heat transfer across flux film meets the needs of continuous casting of Fe-36Ni. Border solidification structures of solidified shell are refined remarkably, and hot cracking gets avoidance eventually.     

低碳钢薄板坯高速连铸保护渣研究与优化

 针对低碳钢薄板坯高速连铸过程中保护渣液渣层过薄、黏结报警频发、铸坯表面纵裂纹过多等问题,在充分考虑高拉速下低碳钢凝固收缩特性的基础上,确定了保护渣润滑与传热性能的优化方向并开展了工业试验。将保护渣碱度从1.10提高到1.30,Li₂O质量分数从0.57%提高到1.06%,Na₂O质量分数从5.48%提高到8.16%,碳质量分数由7.71%降低到6.72%。对2种保护渣的流变性能和渣膜3层结构进行了深入研究,发现优化后保护渣渣膜中的液渣层比例增加,渣膜润滑系数α增大;同时,渣膜中的结晶层比例也有一定程度的提高,渣膜热阻系数β增大,从而使保护渣的润滑性能和控制传热能力均得到改善。从矿相分析结果看出,保护渣碱度的提高在一定程度上会促进硅灰石的析出,导致渣膜结晶率提高、热阻增大,进而起到控制传热的目的。生产实践表明,在拉速提高后,使用新型保护渣基本避免了黏结和裂纹的产生,生产效率和铸坯质量均得到显著提高。     

稀土氧化物对连铸保护渣结晶温度的影响

为了解决稀土钢浇注时因稀土氧化物进入保护渣导致保护渣性能改变的问题,用热重一差热分析仪系统地观测了稀土氧化物对不同碱度及BaO、B2O3和Li2O含量的保护渣结晶温度的影响。结果表明,稀土氧化物对保护渣结晶温度影响显著,特别是稀土氧化物从零增至5％时最为明显。随着稀土氧化物含量的继续增加,保护渣结晶温度缓慢升高。低碱度可以抑制保护渣中稀土矿物初生晶核的析出;BaO有利于稀土氧化物在保护渣中的溶解和扩散;B2O3基本上可消除稀土氧化物引起的保护渣结晶温度升高的不良影响;Li2O可阻止高熔点结晶相的析出,降低含稀土氧化物保护渣的结晶温度。     

Heat Flux Through Slag Film and Its Crystallization Behavior

An experimental apparatus for simulating copper mold is used to quantify the heat flux through the slag film and to obtain a solid slag for further determining its crystallization behavior. The result indicates that both the chemical composition of the mold powder and the cooling rate have an important influence on the heat flux through the slag film. With increasing the binary basicity, the heat flux of slag film decreases at first, reaches the minimum at the basicity of 1.4, and then increases, indicating that the maximum binary basicity is about 1.4 for selecting ＂mild cooling＂ mold powder. The heat transfer through the slag film can be specified in terms of the crystalline ratio and the thickness of the slag film. Recrystallization of the solid slag occurs and must be considered as an important factor that may influence the heat transfer through the solid slag layer.