A high capacity transcutaneous energy transmission system

A transcutaneous energy transmission system is described that transmits up to 60 W for use by a mechanical circulatory support system or other internal device. It contains an input power conditioning circuit that permits it to sustain the required output with input voltages ranging from 10 to 16 V. The transcutaneous energy transmission system demonstrated a best overall efficiency of 77% when connected to a resistive load and 74% when connected to a mechanical circulatory support system pumping up to 8.0 L/min to a mock circulation system. These figures included the losses in the conditioning circuit, which, when operated separately, had an efficiency of 94%. By tuning the resonant frequency of the primary, an output with only a 10% variation was achieved with coils separated by between 0 and 25 mm. A model of the inductively coupled resonant circuits was analyzed and a closed form solution obtained that verified the equations reported by Galbraith et al. Additional useful results obtained included an expression for the efficiency of the power transfer through the coupled circuits and the ratio of the current circulating in the primary and secondary coils. These results indicate that information useful for control of the output voltage of the secondary may be available in the primary circuit.     

A relation between entropy and free energy change for metals

A linear thermodynamic relation between entropy at 298 K and free energy change between 0 and 298 K is discussed for metals with simple crystal structures, such as bcc, fcc and hcp. A plausible explanation of the linear function has been suggested in terms of the relationship between heat capacity and temperature. Some of the implications of the present findings have been discussed. A similar linear function is also demonstrated for the data estimated at the melting temperatures of the metals.     

钢铁工业能耗现状和节能潜力分析

目前,中国钢铁工业总能耗占全国总能耗的16.3%,钢铁工业总产值占全国GDP的3.2%.说明钢铁工业足能耗大户,对国民经济贡献率不足太高.这也要求钢铁工业必须加大技术升级和结构优化,转变增长方式,努力提升钢铁工业效能,促进中国钢铁工业向强同转变.钢铁工业节能减排是提升钢铁工业效能的重点,"节能减排"已成为我国的国策.钢铁企业要从"国家要我节能",转变为"我要节能",完成钢铁企业应当承担的社会责任和义务.我们要科学分析钢铁工业用能结构和节能潜力,提出节能工作要点和具体节能措施,促进钢铁工业节能减排健康发展.     

A compendium of potential energy maps of zeolites and molecular sieves

We present potential maps of xenon in 20 different zeolites and molecular sieves. The potential maps reveal both the accessible pore volume and localized adsorption sites and so are important in understanding adsorption and diffusion processes in nanoporous materials. We examine zeolites and molecular sieves with one-dimensional channel-like nanopores (zeolite-Theta 1, AlPO4-5, zeolite-Omega, zeolite-L, ZSM-12, AlPO4-8, and VPI-5), with two-dimensional intersecting channel-like nanopores (ZSM-5 [silicalite], ZSM-11, ferrierite, mordenite, and zeolite-Beta), and with three-dimensionally connected cagelike nanopores (zeolite-A, zeolite-Rho, zeolite-Y, sodalite, chabazite, cloverite, cation-poor zeolite-A, and cation-rich zeolite-A). We report the fraction of pore volume accessible, the maximum energy well depth at the adsorption sites, and the activation energy to move between sites. We note several examples of surprising similarities and differences between various molecular sieves. In several instances, we show that these potential profiles are relevant for other small Lennard-Jones-like molecules. By comparison with published Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations, we show that the density distributions of adsorbates at low density are well predicted by the potential maps.     

锌电积节能措施的研究现状

传统的湿法炼锌过程中,存在着电积能耗大的问题．文章系统综合了当前锌电积的节电措施,并对新型惰性阳极材料及锌电积新工艺的研究现状进行了详细阐述．     

A focus for biophysical research in energy problems

There is widespread agreement that solar energy is the most promising long-range energy source. However, contemporary technology for bulk energy storage is so primitive that full use of the inevitably erratic solar energy flux is severely limited. Biological systems have perfected methods of storing solar energy for later use in periods of darkness, and it is argued in this symposium presentation that there are many frontiers in biophysics related to the solar energy storage problem. Moreover, the conceivable biological storage systems span a wide range of technology, with appropriate applications in societies of widely varying degrees of industrial development. Use of biological systems to produce hydrogen from solar energy may be among the most versatile of these applications. The entire problem of bioconversion of solar energy presents an excellent example of how the needs for basic scientific understanding and application engineering can be very tightly interwoven.     

Materials and energy

Society makes some of its greatest demands on the science and technology of materials through its huge and growing requirements for energy. With reserves of oil and natural gas beginning to look quite inadequate to meet world needs beyond the next ten years or so; with concern for the environment becoming an increasingly important factor in industrial and social policy-making; and with most countries now pinning their faith on nuclear power to solve their future energy problems; with all these the energy industry is faced with vast and challenging problems, the solution of many of which can come only through the development of new or improved materials. The conditions under which materials are expected to operate in power plant are becoming increasingly severe, as temperatures, stresses, chemical and—in nuclear reactors—radiation attacks are raised to higher levels of intensity, in the struggle for greater outputs and higher efficiencies. Difficulties with materials have blocked the development for large-scale usage of several new types of power plant, although advances in superconducting materials have opened new possibilities in other directions. There is a great and growing need for better materials for catalysts; a major breakthrough here could bring big social benefits.     

Self-reported energy intake and energy expenditure in elderly women

HLA-DRB1, -DQB1 and -DPB1 allele frequencies were investigated in a sample of the Slovak population by PCR-SSP and PCR-RFLP methods. The most frequent DRB1 alleles were DRB1*1101-5 (0.2038), DRB1*0701-2 (0.1423), and DRB1*1501-2 (0.1231). The most rare alleles found were DRB1*0901 (0.0038), and DRB1*1201 (0.015). The most common DQB1 alleles were DQB1*0301 (0.2448), DQB1*0201 (0.2098), and DQB1*0501 (0.1119), respectively. The alleles with the least occurrence rate were DQB1*0601 (0.0035) and DQB1*0401 (0.007). The most common DPB1 alleles found were DPB1*0401 (0.4329), DPB1*0402 (0.2089), and DPB1*0201 (0.1438), respectively. The least frequent alleles were DPB1*0601, *1101, and *1501 (0.0034). Allele frequencies found in our study were compared to those in Czech, Austrian, and German populations. No statistically significant differences were observed.     

A comparison of muscular mechanical energy expenditure and internal work in cycling

The hypothesis that the sum of the absolute changes in mechanical energy (internal work) is correlated with the muscular mechanical energy expenditure (MMEE) was tested using two elliptical chainrings, one that reduced and one that increased the internal work (compared to circular). Upper and lower bounds were put on the extra MMEE (work done by net joint torques in excess of the external work) with respect to the effect of intercompensation between joint torques due to biarticular muscles. This was done by having two measures of MMEE, one that allowed no intercompensation and one that allowed complete intercompensation between joints spanned by biarticular muscles. Energy analysis showed no correlation between internal work and the two measures of MMEE. When compared to circular, the chainring that reduced internal work increased MMEE, and phases of increased crank velocity associated with the elliptical shape resulted in increased power absorbed by the upstroke leg as it was accelerated against gravity. The resulting negative work necessitated additional positive work. Thus, the hypothesis that the internal work is correlated with MMEE was found to be invalid, and the total mechanical work done cannot be estimated by summing the internal and external work. Changes in the dynamics of cycling caused by a non-circular chainring may affect performance and must be considered during the non-circular chainring design process.     

高炉炼铁能耗与节能分析

1．我国钢铁工业能耗现状据统计,2005年我国生产原煤21．9亿吨(居世界第一),消费21．4亿吨原煤;生产原油1．81亿吨(居世界第六),消费原油3．0亿吨;生产天然气500亿m~3(居世界第十四),消费500亿m~3;全年发电24747亿千瓦时(居世界第二)。2005年我国能源消费结构是:煤炭为68．7％,油气为24％,水电 核电为7．3％。2004年我国钢铁工业能源消耗占全国能源总消费量的15．18％,其能源消费结构是:煤炭69．9％,石油类3．2％,天然气0．5％,电力26．4％。     

A review of efficacy claims in energy psychology.

In a recent article in this journal, Feinstein (see record 2008-07317-008) cited evidence that he claimed shows the efficacy of the emotional freedom technique and the Tapas acupressure technique, 2 energy psychology therapies. Further investigation into these claims reveals serious flaws in the methodology of the research cited by Feinstein. The small successes seen in these therapies are potentially attributable to well-known cognitive and behavioral techniques that are included with the energy manipulation. Psychologists and researchers should be wary of using such techniques, and make efforts to inform the public about the ill effects of therapies that advertise miraculous claims. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

推行节能技术进步 降低氧化铝能耗

本文对中国铝业中州分公司氧化铝工艺能耗情况进行了简要介绍，阐述了采用熟料窑自动控制、熟料窑密封改造、窑的三通道喷煤管技术、间接加热脱硅、常压脱硅、管式降膜蒸发器以及强化烧结法的新技术和新工艺，使得氧化铝的工艺能耗大幅下降的具体做法。     

钢铁制造流程系统节能与能效提升

 提高制造流程系统能效,节约能源是降低生产成本和减少碳排放的重要措施。近年来,中国钢铁工业节能工作经历了单体设备节能、工序优化节能到系统节能,取得了显著进步。以中国钢铁工业节能进程为基础,阐述了系统节能的概念、内涵及研究进展并探讨了未来发展方向,主要从工序与界面协同匹配、物质流与能量流耦合和构建工业生态链接体系等方面展开。同时指出,在系统节能理论和冶金流程工程学理论指导下,中国钢铁工业节能减排工作将得到跃升发展,钢铁制造流程的系统能效将显著提升,钢铁工业绿色化与智能化协同和低碳转型发展指日可待。     

Empty body weight gain, protein, faty and energy deposit and utilization of metabolizable energy for energy deposit in black and white bulls. 2. Relationship between energy deposit and intake of metabolizable energy

From 6 series of individual feeding experiments with different energy supply (EL = 1.1-1.8; EL = 538 kJ/kg LW0.75) the relationship between the intake of metabolizable energy and live weight gain empty body weight gain and energy deposition was quantified according to a nonlinear regression analysis: intake ME (MJ/d) = A.eB.ED. EBWG. LWG with A = a.LW0.75 B = b.ec.LW The estimated parameters are: [chart: see text] The regression analysis made it possible to estimate the maintenance requirement. Dependent on the variable the following values for maintenance requirements were found: [chart: see text] For the partial utilization of metabolizable energy for energy deposition an average value of 0.37 was obtained by suggestion of a maintenance requirement of 538 kJ/kg LW0.75 and a nonlinear generalization of intake of metabolizable energy. The utilization of metabolizable energy was positively influenced by the metabolizability of the energy of the diet and it was negatively influenced by the energy level. The linear quantification of the relation between the intake of metabolizable energy and the energy deposition led to an utilization of 0.40.     

采用节电滤波器实现电动机节能

本文拟就电网存在的各种谐波对电网及电气设备带来的危害进行分析,并对电动机采用高效节电滤波器抑制谐波、瞬流,实现了节能降耗的目的,取得了明显的经济效益,是一个值得推广的节电项目。