润滑油添加剂对聚合物材料摩擦磨损性能的影响研究

利用MM－200型磨损试验机考察了ZDDP对聚合物材料（PTFE、PI及MCPA）－GCr15轴承钢摩擦副摩擦磨损性能的影响。研究发现，液体石蜡及含ZDDP的液体石蜡润滑均可大幅度改善聚合物材料的摩擦磨损性能，且使其摩擦系数比干摩擦时降低一个数量级，摩擦副表面的ZDDP吸附膜均在不同程度上提高聚合物材料的耐磨性，但其对聚合物材料的摩擦性能影响不大。     

润滑油添加剂对聚合物及其复事材料磨擦磨损性能的影响

利用ＭＨＫ－５００型环－块磨损试验机研究了二烷基二硫代磷酸锌（ＺＤＤＰ）对几种聚合物及其复材料－金属摩擦副油润滑摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明，液体石蜡中的ＺＤＤＰ对尼龙６６（ＰＡ６６）及聚酰亚胺（ＰＩ）－ＧＣｒ１５轴承钢摩擦副的摩擦系数影响不大，但却使聚四氟乙烯（ＰＴＦＥ）及其复合材料－ＧＣｒ１５轴承钢摩擦副的摩擦系数略有限低。ＰＴＦＥ及其复合材料－ＧＣｒ１５轴承钢摩擦副表面的ＺＤＤＰ吸附膜具有一     

含石墨烯润滑油润滑机制的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学方法研究石墨烯作为正十六烷烃(C_(16)H_(34))润滑油的添加剂对氮化硅-轴承钢(Si_3N_4-GCr15)摩擦副润滑性能的影响,分析石墨烯质量分数、压力及剪切速度对薄膜润滑区域范德华能、剪切应力及类固膜厚度的影响规律。研究表明:适量的石墨烯可以提高润滑区域的范德华能,增加类固膜厚度,降低Si_3N_4-GCr15摩擦副的剪切应力,减少摩擦副间摩擦力;石墨烯摩尔质量分数为2.5%时,润滑区域范德华能最大,剪切应力最小;添加石墨烯后,范德华能、剪切应力及类固膜厚度随着压力和剪切速度的变化而较为平稳,而没有添加石墨烯时三者出现较大的波动。可见,石墨烯作为添加剂,改变了压力、剪切速度影响下润滑区域范德华能、剪切应力、类固膜厚度的变化规律。     

不同摩擦状态下ZA81M镁合金磨损行为研究

采用往复式摩擦磨损试验机测试ZA81M镁合金在干摩擦及油润滑下的磨损行为，研究二辛基二硫代磷酸锌(ZDDP)和砂粒的含量对ZA81M镁合金在油润滑下摩擦学性能的影响，探讨ZA81M镁合金在不同摩擦状态下的摩擦学作用机理。结果表明：干摩擦下，ZA81M镁合金磨损量和摩擦系数随着载荷的增加而增加，随着往复频率的增加而减小。与干摩擦相比，68#机械油润滑下的ZA81M镁合金磨损量和摩擦系数降低。在68#机械油中添加ZDDP后，ZA81M镁合金磨损量和摩擦系数进一步降低，ZDDP中的化学元素与镁合金表面生成了易剪切的摩擦反应膜。在含ZDDP的68#机械油中添加砂粒后，摩擦反应膜被破坏，磨损量和摩擦系数增加。     

热压Ni-MoS2自润滑复合材料在不同温度的往复摩擦磨损特性

采用自润滑复合材料,对提高某些机械摩擦副的使用寿命有很显著的效果。研究了热压Ni-MoS2自润滑复合材料与GCr15钢球组成的点接触配对副,在室温和高温条件下进行微幅往复摩擦运动时的自润滑特性。考察了载荷、温度及MoS2含量对摩擦系数和磨损率的影响,并借助扫描电镜观察磨损表面的形貌特征。结果表明：摩擦系数随载荷增加而不断提高;温度在400℃以下时,摩擦系数能保持较低数值;在室温和250℃时,含60%MoS2的复合材料均具有最低磨损率;提高MoS2含量有助于改善高温自润滑性;MoS2转移润滑膜的完整程度可作为Ni-MoS2复合材料自润滑性能好坏的判据。     

锂基脂润滑下HIP-Si_3N_4/GCr15配副材料磨损特性试验分析

采用MHK - 5 0 0型摩擦试验机 ,在不同锂基脂润滑下 ,对热静等压氮化硅工程陶瓷 (HIP -Si3 N4 )与轴承钢GCr15组成的摩擦副 ,进行了定量试验研究 ,并采用SEM对磨痕表面形貌进行了分析。     

SiCp增强铝基复合材料与芳纶纤维增强摩擦材料摩擦副摩擦学特性与模型研究

对 Si Cp含量为 2 0 % (vol% )的铝基复合材料和芳纶纤维增强摩擦材料组成的摩擦副在干摩擦条件下的摩擦学特性进行了试验研究。试验表明 :摩擦副的摩擦系数受 Kevlar增强摩擦材料的热分解温度所控制 ,当温度低于2 0 0℃时 ,摩擦系数随滑动速度和温度增大而增大 ,并处于较高水平 ;当温度高于 2 0 0℃时 ,摩擦材料发生热分解 ,摩擦系数急剧下降到较低水平。摩擦材料具有磨损量和磨损率随滑动速度增加而减小的明显特征 ,摩擦副具有良好的耐磨性。建立了描述该摩擦副摩擦特性的数学模型。并用其解释了实验中的摩擦学现象。     

铜掺杂碳量子点宽温域减摩性能研究

为了改善宽温域下机械系统的摩擦性能,以葡萄糖酸铜和二乙烯三胺为原料,采用一步水热法合成铜掺杂碳量子点（Cu-CQDs）。将Cu-CQDs分散到PAO基础油中,在大气环境和不同温度下（25、100、200、300 ℃）考察含Cu-CQDs油样的摩擦学性能,并与含二烷基二硫代磷酸锌（ZDDP）油样进行比较。结果表明：Cu-CQDs和ZDDP都能增强PAO基础油的减摩抗磨性能,但Cu-CQDs性能优于ZDDP;特别在300 ℃时含Cu-CQDs油样减摩抗磨优势最为明显,300 ℃时其平均摩擦因数相较于PAO基础油降低了51%,相较于含ZDDP油样降低了11%。分析Cu-CQDs在高温下的摩擦机制,发现在高温摩擦时Cu-CQDs在摩擦副表面发生了复杂的摩擦化学反应,生成了一系列金属氧化物、碳化物和其他摩擦化学产物,这些物质在摩擦副表面形成了保护层,可有效缓解摩擦副接触摩擦。     

颗粒增强铝基复合材料摩擦磨损性能研究

对颗粒增强铝基复合材料及其基体与 4 0Cr钢摩擦材料组成的摩擦副的摩擦磨损特性进行了对比试验研究 ,并采用SEM对颗粒增强铝基复合材料及其基体磨损表面进行了观察 ,探讨了其磨损机理。试验表明 :复合材料具有较稳定的摩擦系数、低的磨损率 ;复合材料的主要磨损形式是磨粒磨损 ,基体材料的主要磨损形式是粘着磨损。     

弹性体摩擦磨损特性的测试

本文对聚氨酯(PU)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)和一种橡塑复合材料的摩擦系数、相对磨损率进行了测试.在与钢配副的滑动摩擦情形下,用平面定力法测试摩擦系数时,采用位移定量法可以获得稳定的测试结果用环块摩擦副测试弹性体耐磨性时,对磨环的表面特性是影响测试结果的关键因素,使用砂轮对磨环所得测试结果稳定.     

Friction and wear characteristics of lead and its compounds filled polytetrafluoroethylene composites under oil lubricated conditions

The friction and wear properties of Pb, PbO, Pb₃O₄, or PbS filled polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites sliding against GCr15 bearing steel under both dry and liquid paraffin lubricated conditions were studied by using an MHK-500 ring-block wear tester. The worn surfaces and the transfer films of these PTFE composites formed on the surface of GCr15 bearing steel were then investigated by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an optical microscope, respectively. Experimental results show that filling Pb, PbO, Pb₃O₄ or PbS to PTFE can greatly reduce the wear of the PTFE composites, but the wear reducing action of Pb₃O₄ is the most effective. Meanwhile, PbS increases the friction coefficient of the PTFE composite, but Pb and Pb₃O₄ reduce the friction coefficients of the PTFE composites. However, the friction and wear properties of lead or its compounds filled PTFE composites can be greatly improved by lubrication with liquid paraffin, and the friction coefficients of the PTFE composites can be decreased by one order of magnitude. Optical microscope investigation of transfer films shows that Pb, PbO, Pb₃O₄ and PbS enhance the adhesion of the transfer films to the surface of GCr15 bearing steel, so they greatly reduce the wear of the PTFE composites. However, the transfer of the PTFE composites onto the surface of GCr15 bearing steel can be greatly reduced by lubrication with liquid paraffin, but the transfer still takes place. SEM examination of worn surfaces shows that the interaction between liquid paraffin and the PTFE composites creates some cracks on the worn surfaces of the PTFE composites; the creation and development of the cracks reduces the load-carrying capacity of the PTFE composites, and this leads to deterioration of the friction and wear properties of the PTFE composites filled with lead or its compounds under higher loads in liquid paraffin lubrication.     

Friction and wear properties of metal powder filled PTFE composites under oil lubricated conditions

Four kinds of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-based composite, pure PTFE, PTFE+30vol.%Cu, PTFE+30vol.%Pb and PTFE+30vol.%Ni composite, were prepared. The friction and wear properties of these metal powder filled PTFE composites sliding against GCr15 bearing steel under both dry and lubricated conditions were studied using an MHK-500 ring-block wear tester. The worn surfaces of the PTFE composites and the transfer films formed on the surface of GCr15 bearing steel were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy respectively. Experimental results show that the friction and wear properties of the PTFE composites can be greatly improved by liquid paraffin lubrication. The wear of these PTFE composites can be decreased by at least 1 to 2 orders of magnitude compared with that under dry friction conditions, while the friction coefficients can be decreased by 1 order of magnitude, SEM and optical microscopy investigations of the rubbing surfaces show that metal fillers of Cu, Pb and Ni not only raise the load carrying capacity of the PTFE composites, but also promote transfer of the PTFE composites onto the counterfaces, so they greatly reduce the wear of the PTFE composites. However, the transfer of these PTFE composites onto the counterfaces can be greatly reduced by liquid paraffin lubrication, but transfer still takes place.     

聚四氟乙烯及其石墨和MoS2填充复合材料的摩擦学性能研究

利用往复式摩擦磨损实验机,对聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)及石墨和MoS2填充的PTFE复合材料的摩擦磨损性能进行了实验,考察了载荷、速度以及对摩时间的影响,并利用光学显微镜对PTFE复合材料的摩擦磨损表面进行了观察。结果表明,填加了石墨和MoS2的PTFE,由于石墨和MoS2一方面起到了润滑作用,另一方面阻止了PTFE带状大面积破坏,因而使得PTFE的摩擦因数降低,耐磨性提高。加入石墨和MoS2后PTFE的磨损机制由以犁沟效应和粘着磨损为主变为以磨粒磨损为主。     

MoS2、CdO及聚全氟乙丙烯填充改性聚四氟乙烯复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

用机械共混、冷压成型自由烧结的方法制备了MoS2、CdO和聚全氟乙丙烯填充聚四氟乙烯复合材料;用MM-2000型摩擦磨损试验机测试了在干摩擦条件下该复合材料的摩擦磨损性能;用扫描电镜(SEM)对磨损试样的表面形貌进行观察和分析.结果表明:未添加聚全氟乙丙烯的复合材料其摩擦磨损性能比添加的好;当CdO的体积分数为22.5%,MoS2的体积分数为7.5%时,复合材料的摩擦因数最小,抗磨性强,复合材料的摩擦磨损性能最佳.     

PTFE复合材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

用机械共混、冷压成型烧结的方法制备了纳米SiO2/石墨/玻璃纤维/PTFE复合材料试样。用MM-200型磨损试验机测试了在干摩擦条件下不同载荷时各试样的摩擦磨损性能;用扫描电镜对磨损后试件表面进行观察和分析。研究结果表明：纳米SiO2和玻璃纤维有效提高了PTFE的承载能力,石墨的加入起到了减小摩擦的作用;在本试验条件下,在摩擦过程中三元混合填充PTFE复合材料在偶件表面形成了转移膜,减少了复合材料与偶件的直接接触,因而表现出优异的抗磨性。     

Tribological Behavior of Carbon-Nanotube-Filled PTFE Composites

Carbon nanotube/polytetrafluoroethylene (CNT/PTFE) composites with different volume fractions were prepared and their friction and wear properties were investigated using a ring-on-block under dry conditions. It was found that CNTs signifi-cantly increased the wear resistance of PTFE composites and decreased their coefficient of friction. PTFE composites with 15–20 vol.% CNTs exhibited very high wear resistance. The significant improvements in the tribological properties of CNT/PTFE composites are attributed to the super-strong mechanical properties and the very high aspect ratio of CNTs. The CNTs greatly reinforce the structure of the PTFE-based composites and thereby greatly reduce the adhesive and plough wear of CNT/PTFE composites. The CNTs are released from the composite during sliding and transferred to the interface of the friction couples. They thus serve as spacers, preventing direct contact between the mating surfaces and thereby reducing both wear rate and friction coefficient.     

Tribological properties of metal-plastic multilayer composites under oil lubricated conditions

Three kinds of metal-plastic multilayer composites, which were composed of a steel backing, a middle layer of sintered porous bronze and a surface layer of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filled by Pb or Cu₂O powders, were prepared. The friction and wear properties as well as the limiting pressure times velocity (PV) values of these metal-plastic multilayer composites sliding against 45 carbon steel under both dry and oil lubricated conditions were evaluated on a MPV-1500 friction tester with a steel axis rotating on a journal bearing. The worn surfaces of these metal-plastic multilayer composites and the transfer films formed on the surface of steel axis were examined by electron probe microscopy analysis (EPMA). Experimental results show that filling of Pb to PTFE reduces the friction coefficient and wear of the composite, while filling of Cu₂O to PTFE increases the friction coefficient but decreases the wear of the composite. The friction and wear properties as well as the limiting PV values of these metal-plastic multilayer composites can be greatly improved with the oil lubrication. EPMA investigations show that Pb and Cu₂O fillers preferentially transfer onto the surfaces of steel axis, which may enhance or deteriorate the adhesion between transfer films and steel surfaces. Meanwhile the transfer of these metal-plastic multilayer composites onto the steel surface can be greatly reduced with oil lubrication, which results in the remarkable decrease of the wear of these metal-plastic multilayer composites.     

聚四氟乙烯填充含量对钢背超高分子量聚乙烯纤维织物复合材料摩擦学性能的影响

为改善广泛应用于船舶苛刻环境无油/脂润滑摩擦配副材料的摩擦学性能,将聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）按不同质量分数与钢背超高分子量聚乙烯纤维织物复合材料结合,研究它与45钢盘在变转速环环端面干摩擦状态下的摩擦学特性。对试验过程中摩擦因数及磨损量进行测量,利用表面轮廓仪、扫描电子显微镜与超景深显微镜对复合材料及对磨件磨损表面形貌进行了观察与分析。结果表明：所有填充PTFE的复合材料摩擦学性能均表现优异,随着PTFE含量的增加,复合材料摩擦性能变差,其中1 %（质量分数） PTFE填充复合材料综合摩擦性能最好,在试验工况下主要发生磨粒磨损,PTFE填充量较高的复合材料在高速下由于团聚及摩擦热量积聚主要经历黏着磨损与疲劳磨损。     

Tribological properties of P‐ and N‐containing organic compounds as potential extreme‐pressure and antiwear additives

An amine salt of an alkoxylphosphate (a P‐ and N‐containing organic compound, PN) was synthesised. Its extreme‐pressure, antiwear, and friction‐reducing properties were evaluated as an additive in liquid paraffin and a mineral oil. Tests were performed on a four‐ball friction and wear tester with an AISI 52100 steel ball self‐mated pair and the results were compared with those of sulphurised olefin (SO), zinc di‐n‐butyldithio‐phosphate (ZDDP), and dibutylphosphite (DBP). The morphologies of the worn steel surfaces were observed using a scanning electron microscope, while the binding energies of some typical elements on the worn surfaces were determined using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The additives were found to increase the load‐carrying capacity and to reduce wear and friction coefficient considerably. PN as an additive exhibits better load‐carrying, antiwear, and friction‐reducing properties than SO, ZDDP, and DBP under the same test conditions.