钢／铝复合板热轧复合变形规律

采用弯曲实验、金相和扫描电子显微镜,研究轧制温度、变形量对钢/铝复合板热轧复合的结合强度、界面和厚比分配的影响.结果表明:在轧制温度低于400℃时,弯曲次数随着预热温度的升高而增加,之后又逐渐减少:轧制温度在400℃时钢/铝复合板结合界面的结合强度最大;随着轧制温度的升高,铝层的压下量增加,钢层的压下量减小,致使两者压下量的差值增加;总的压下量越大,弯曲次数越多,结合界面和结合强度越好:当总压下量为20%～30%时,弯曲次数随压下量的增加而缓慢增加;当总压下量＞30%时,弯曲次数随压下量的增加而快速增加;随着总压下量的增加,钢和铝的压下量成正比关系增加,变化趋势相同,组元压下量的差值随总压下鼍的增加而减小,变形量趋于一致.     

热轧法对钢/铝板界面组织及力学性能影响的研究

采用热轧法对钢/铝复合板的制备进行了试验,研究了轧制参数及退火工艺对钢/铝板界面组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,经过不同道次轧制的复合板,高温退火后界面上都会形成脆性的Fe-Al化合物,低温退火后界面上无中间化合物。在一道次轧后低温退火时,没有中间化合物,但板材的结合强度较差,弯折次数不到20次,伸长率不到13%;经过两道次轧制的复合板低温退火后,界面结合良好,弯折次数达59次未产生开裂,最大伸长率近20%。最佳轧制工艺为:第一道次350℃加热保温30 min,以30%压下量轧制。第二道次在600℃加热保温10 min,以80%压下量轧制,轧后在300℃退火4 h。     

退火态CFR镁/铝复合板界面形貌与力学性能研究

通过对波-平轧制镁/铝复合板进行退火处理,研究了退火温度和退火时间对镁/铝复合板界面微观组织和力学性能的影响规律。结果表明, 200℃/30 min退火平直镁/铝复合板新结合界面生成薄的Mg₁₇Al₁₂相扩散层,这可以促进界面冶金结合,提升界面结合强度。当250℃/30 min退火时,新结合界面迅速扩展,进一步形成由Mg₁₇Al₁₂相和Mg₂Al₃相共同构成的IMCs层。当退火温度升高到300℃时,界面整体形成连续分布的IMCs层,退火温度越高或退火时间越长, IMCs层厚度越大。高温退火处理时,强塑性变形可以加速波谷位置界面原子间的扩散,导致同种化合物波谷位置的生长激活能小于波峰位置,从而造成波谷扩散层厚度大于波峰。退火态镁/铝复合板弯曲测试后,界面无分层、基体无脱落。随着退化温度的升高,平直镁/铝复合板高温拉伸抗拉强度下降,而断裂伸长率增加。     

退火温度对异步轧制铜/铝复合板界面组织及力学性能的影响

研究退火温度对异步轧制法制备的铜/铝复合板界面组织及力学性能的影响,采用SEM观察界面组织形貌,结合EDX、XRD分析界面物相成分,采用显微硬度和室温拉伸实验表征复合板的力学性能。结果表明,异步轧制法制备的铜/铝复合板界面形变储能较高,退火温度为400℃时界面扩散明显;随着退火温度的升高,复合界面先后生成金属间化合物CuAl2、Cu9Al4、CuAl相,界面撕裂位置位于金属间化合物之间;界面层的显微硬度比基体的高,这是因为受到硬脆性化合物和高温软化的共同影响;退火温度越高,复合板抗拉强度越低,断裂伸长率越大。研究表明,异步轧制法制备的铜/铝复合板最佳退火温度为400℃。     

热轧工艺对钢/铝复合板抗弯变形性能的影响

采用热轧法制备了钢/铝复合板,研究了轧制温度、保温时间和压下量对钢/铝板力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,2道次轧制时,低温长时间或高温短时间热处理能提高板材抗弯变形性能;钢/铝复合板的抗弯循环次数随压下量的增大先增大后减小。当压下量为85%时,90°弯折循环45次界面不开裂,最大伸长率达21%;1道次轧制时,90°弯折循环不到20次,伸长率不到14%。最佳轧制工艺为:第2道次550℃保温15 min,85%压下量。     

轧制速率及再结晶对5052/AZ31/5052复合板微观组织的影响

在不同速率与压下量下热轧制备5052/AZ31/5052镁铝复合板。并选取在各速率下的最大压下量的复合板进行200℃×1 h退火,以消除残余应力。分析了不同轧制参数下镁铝复合板的结合状况,观察了组元板及层界面处的微观组织,阐明了织构与微观组织之间的关系。结果表明:随轧制速率与压下量的提高,复合板的结合程度提高,晶粒尺寸细化,塑性下降。镁层(c+a)锥面滑移系被大量激活,织构强度降低,再结晶程度增加。退火后,镁铝层界面处没有出现中间层化合物的。     

冷轧铝-钢复合板的退火工艺

对55%变形条件下冷轧复合4A60铝/08Al钢复合带材进行退火处理,研究退火温度对钢层再结晶行为和铝-钢界面结合强度的影响。结果表明：退火温度为600 ℃保温60 min,钢层发生完全再结晶;退火温度为400~600 ℃,保温60 min,铝-钢复合板界面结合强度达到最大值9 N/mm,当保温时间为60 min,温度高于610 ℃时,铝-钢界面处产生脆性化合物,结合强度急剧降低至2.7 N/mm。确定55%变形条件下铝-钢复合板最佳退火工艺为600 ℃保温60 min。     

蛇形轧制复合成形镁/铝板材的弯曲曲率研究

针对镁/铝板材轧制复合在轧后容易出现弯曲问题，提出了蛇形轧制复合工艺，以达到降低轧后弯曲曲率并提高界面结合强度的目的。利用ANSYS LS-DYNA有限元软件，研究了蛇形轧制复合过程中不同错位量、异速比、压下量、层厚比及轧制温度对轧后复合板的弯曲曲率的影响规律，并开展轧制复合实验，验证了有限元计算结果的准确性。结果表明，与异步轧制相比，蛇形轧制可有效降低轧后复合板弯曲曲率。相同轧制条件下，异步轧制轧后弯曲曲率随着异速比的增大而增大，随着压下量及层厚比的增大而减小。蛇形轧制错位量可对轧后弯曲抑制产生明显的效果，在一定范围内，复合板的弯曲曲率随错位量的增大而减小。当初始板厚为50 mm、层厚比为2:3、压下量为30 mm、轧制温度为400℃、异速比为1.05和错位量为30 mm时，轧后复合板接近平直。     

退火对TA1/5052爆炸复合板界面组织与性能的影响

将TA1/5052爆炸焊接复合板在350、400及450 ℃分别保温1、3、6、9 h退火,对退火前后复合板组织和性能进行分析。结果表明:随退火温度升高,原子扩散加剧,界面形成的扩散层逐渐变厚;退火过程中铝易于向钛侧扩散,白色亮带和柯肯达尔孔洞主要位于靠近界面的5052铝合金侧;退火前界面处物相组成为α-Ti、α-Al、TiAl₃,经350、400 ℃退火3 h及450 ℃退火1、3、6、9 h后,物相组成不变。经不同温度退火后,复合板界面抗拉强度低于退火前,而断面收缩率和伸长率明显高于退火前。拉伸断口分析表明,复合板TA1侧为以脆性断裂为主、韧性断裂为辅的韧脆混合断裂,5052侧为韧性断裂;复合板在350 ℃退火时界面剪切强度和剥离强度最大,较爆炸态分别增加8.24%和45.68%,随退火温度升高,界面剪切强度和剥离强度降低。退火前后界面结合区硬度均高于基复板两侧硬度,且随离界面距离增加,硬度逐渐降低直至降至钛铝两侧母材硬度。退火后界面结合区硬度明显低于爆炸态硬度。     

镁合金铸轧板坯包铝轧制复合工艺研究

采用热轧复合的方法,将纯铝板包覆在镁合金铸轧板坯表面,多道次大压下轧制工艺制备出了镁铝复合板,研究了轧制温度、道次压下量及热处理工艺对复合板组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:当轧制温度为400℃,道次加工率为30%~35%时,镁、铝板材可以实现良好的复合;随着复合板材热处理温度的提高,复合界面脆化程度增大,板材力学性能下降。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。