一种结合边缘检测的多基线InSAR高程反演方法

针对多基线InSAR高程重建算法鲁棒性差的问题,提出一种基于边缘检测与路径跟踪策略的多基线InSAR高程反演算法.该算法分为2个步骤.第1步是直接利用多基线最大似然估计算法从多幅不同基线的干涉相位图中获取粗略的地形高程,再用Sobel算子对滤波后的粗略地形高程进行边缘检测,获得地形的不连续边界;第2步则先构建优化的多基...     

高分辨率SAR图像建筑物三维成像几何结构分析

随着SAR分辨率的不断提高,建筑物在SAR图像上表现出越来越明显的几何结构特征,这些特征为重建建筑物三维模型提供了重要的信息。主要论述了建筑物在SAR图像上的成像几何结构,并给出了利用SAR图像上建筑物L型的叠掩结构反演建筑物三维结构的理论基础和方法,最后通过实验证明了该方法的可行性。     

3D reconstruction and classification of natural environments by an autonomous vehicle using multi-baseline stereo

In natural outdoor settings, advanced perception systems and learning strategies are major requirement for an autonomous vehicle to sense and understand the surrounding environment, recognizing artificial and natural structures, topology, vegetation and drivable paths. Stereo vision has been used extensively for this purpose. However, conventional single-baseline stereo does not scale well to different depths of perception. In this paper, a multi-baseline stereo frame is introduced to perform accurate 3D scene reconstruction from near range up to several meters away from the vehicle. A classifier that segments the scene into navigable and non-navigable areas based on 3D data is also described. It incorporates geometric features within an online self-learning framework to model and identify traversable ground, without any a priori assumption on the terrain characteristics. The ground model is automatically retrained during the robot motion, thus ensuring adaptation to environmental changes. The proposed strategy is of general applicability for robot’s perception and it can be implemented using any range sensor. Here, it is demonstrated for stereo-based data acquired by the multi-baseline device. Experimental tests, carried out in a rural environment with an off-road vehicle, are presented. It is shown that the use of a multi-baseline stereo frame allows for accurate reconstruction and scene segmentation at a wide range of visible distances, thus increasing the overall flexibility and reliability of the perception system.     

基于SLIC区域分割的三维地形重建算法

为利用无人机在高空连续拍摄的两幅航拍图像准确实现三维地形重建,提出了通过将图像进行区域分割来达到不同地形区域分别生成数字高程模型DEM数据的方法。首先利用简单线性迭代聚类SLIC超像素算法将图像分割为多个包含单一地形的超像素区域,再利用各区域的颜色信息进行相邻同类地形区域的融合,最后在所得的各区域内通过SIFT特征点提取与匹配、计算三维坐标来生成DEM数据。通过将重建地形结果与卫星地图对比表明,利用该方法能够有效实现地形重建;通过对比本文算法与传统地形重建算法的重建结果表明,利用该方法能准确呈现各地形间的边界信息。     

基于曲线合成孔径雷达的三维目标特征提取

介绍了曲线合成孔径雷达(CLSAR)的基本概念,推导了CLSAR的chirp信号回波数据模型,并在此基础上对CLSAR的三维目标重建机理进行了详细的分析。指出由于旁瓣的影响,传统的基于FFT的反演成像方法在曲线孔径下不再有效,进而采用基于谱估计的RELAX算法实现三维目标的特征提取。最后,通过系统仿真,验证了CLSAR利用RELAX算法实现三维目标特征提取的有效性和优越性。     

Three-dimensional space-borne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging with multiple pass processing

Three-dimensional (3D) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging via multiple-pass processing is an extension of interferometric SAR imaging. It exploits more than two flight passes to achieve a desired resolution in elevation. In this paper, a novel approach is developed to reconstruct a 3D space-borne SAR image with multiple-pass processing. It involves image registration, phase correction and elevational imaging. An image model matching is developed for multiple image registration, an eigenvector method is proposed for the phase correction and the elevational imaging is conducted using a Fourier transform or a super-resolution method for enhancement of elevational resolution. 3D SAR images are obtained by processing simulated data and real data from the first European Remote Sensing satellite (ERS-1) with the proposed approaches.     

下视SAR数据3维表面重建

目的 合成孔径雷达(SAR)因成像方法、几何角度等原因使得采集到的数据具有稀疏性及残缺性,如果直接用其进行建模,不能真实地还原物体。针对下视SAR数据的特点,提出一种在建模过程中能够自动修补稀疏及残缺数据的重建方法。方法 首先引入大津法对3维SAR数据进行预处理,然后将2维图像分割方法中的Chan-Vese模型推广应用到下视SAR数据的表面重建中,在初始表面及轮廓指示函数的求取过程中引入距离函数和内积函数。结果 将本文方法与等值面抽取法的重建结果进行比较,本文方法在重建的过程中能够自动修补空洞,重建出的模型表面更加光滑,能更加真实地反映原物体的特征。结论 可以将本文方法推广应用到稀疏及残缺SAR数据的建模中。     

基于小波的地形连续快速绘制技术*

利用小波变换的多分辨率特性构建了地面高程数据的动态多分辨率模型，通过小波渐近重构算法解决了多分辨率模型间的平滑过渡问题，通过缝补解决了不同分辨率地形块间的裂缝问题，实现了对大规模地形的视点相关的连续快速绘制，通过实验进行了验证。     

基于实时地形校正的InSAR图像匹配算法

针对侧视雷达/可见光图像匹配制导系统中由于雷达图像地形畸变引起的误匹配问题,提出了一种基于干涉合成孔径雷达（InSAR）的实时地形校正图像匹配算法。该算法以侧视雷达成像几何构象为基础,利用InSAR获取的实时地形数据对获取的SAR景象数据进行实时几何校正,生成无畸变的SAR景象数据,然后利用校正后的SAR景象数据与提前安装的可见光基准数据进行基于去均值归一化互相关模板的图像匹配。实验结果表明,通过实时地形校正,该景象匹配算法在复杂地形区域的匹配概率和匹配精度都大大优于传统SAR景象匹配算法,有效地提高了SAR图像匹配制导技术的适用性。     

3D IFS在DEM重构中的应用研究

在基于DEM的地形表面重构中,传统的插值方法（B样条插值、双线形插值）获取的地形表面过于平滑,不能反映自然地形具有无限细节的事实。引入3维迭代函数系统（3D-IFS）插值方法来重构经随机简化的原始地形。在重构地形时,创造性地将垂直放缩因子作为分形维数的连续函数以简化计算。实验结果表明,在压缩率不大时,3D IFS能较好地保持地表地貌特征和统计特征。     

三颗高分辨率星载SAR的定位模型构建及其定位精度评价

随着TerraSAR-X,Cosmo-SkyMed和Radarsat-2这三颗高分辨率SAR卫星的成功发射,国内越来越多的用户开始通过商业渠道或通过参与SAR数据的应用示范项目免费获取到这三颗卫星的SAR数据。要很好地应用SAR数据必须首先解决其地理编码或几何校正问题,而该问题的核心是解决SAR定位模型的建立和解算方法,在此基础上就可以实现SAR影像的地球椭球校正地理编码(Geocoding of Ellipsoid Correction,GEC)处理,增强地球椭球地理编码(Enhanced Elliposid Correction,EEC)和地形校正地理编码(Geocoding of Terrain Correc-tion,GTC)或正射校正。本文研究并实现了这三颗高分辨率SAR数据的定位模型构建方法,并对GEC效果进行了评价。结果表明本文发展的定位模型构建方法是正确的,为实现这三颗高分辨率卫星SAR数据的EEC和GTC处理奠定了基础。     

Terrain topographic inversion using single-pass polarimetric SAR image data

1IntroductionFullypolarimetricSARimagerytechnologyisoneofthemostimportantadvance-mentsforspace-borneremotesensing.Ithasbeenextensivelyappliedtoterrainsurfaceclassification.The22-D(Dimensional)complexscatteringamplitudefunctionsFpq(p,q=v,h),and44-DrealMuellermatrixMij(i,j=1,…,4)canbemeasured[1].Co-polarizedorcross-polarizedbackscatteringsignatureisthefunctionoftheincidencewavewiththeellipticityanglecandorientationangley.Recently,twoflightsofpo-larimetricSARimagedatahavebeenutilizedtogene…     

Continuous Global Optimization in Multiview 3D Reconstruction

In this article, we introduce a new global optimization method to the field of multiview 3D reconstruction. While global minimization has been proposed in a discrete formulation in form of the maxflow-mincut framework, we suggest the use of a continuous convex relaxation scheme. Specifically, we propose to cast the problem of 3D shape reconstruction as one of minimizing a spatially continuous convex functional. In qualitative and quantitative evaluation we demonstrate several advantages of the proposed continuous formulation over the discrete graph cut solution. Firstly, geometric properties such as weighted boundary length and surface area are represented in a numerically consistent manner: The continuous convex relaxation assures that the algorithm does not suffer from metrication errors in the sense that the reconstruction converges to the continuous solution as the spatial resolution is increased. Moreover, memory requirements are reduced, allowing for globally optimal reconstructions at higher resolutions. We study three different energy models for multiview reconstruction, which are based on a common variational template unifying regional volumetric terms and on-surface photoconsistency. The three models use data measurements at increasing levels of sophistication. While the first two approaches are based on a classical silhouette-based volume subdivision, the third one relies on stereo information to define regional costs. Furthermore, this scheme is exploited to compute a precise photoconsistency measure as opposed to the classical estimation. All three models are compared on standard data sets demonstrating their advantages and shortcomings. For the third one, which gives the most accurate results, a more exhaustive qualitative and quantitative evaluation is presented.     

一种新的基于遗传算法的压缩感知重构方法 及其在SAR 高分辨距离像重构中的应用

首先提出一种基于遗传算法的压缩感知重构新方法,并设计了具体的算法流程.该方法运用遗传迭代思想,在稀疏度未知的情况下可准确重构出原始信号,避免了子空间跟踪问题.在此基础上,进一步将所提新方法应用于合成孔径雷达(SAR)高分辨距离像的重构,同时建立了相关的SAR系统模型,构造了有效的稀疏变换矩阵和观测矩阵.仿真结果表明了所提出方法的有效性,同时验证了该方法用于SAR高分辨距离像重构是可行的和鲁棒的.     

A target detection algorithm for SAR images based on regional probability statistics and saliency analysis

In comparison with optical images, a Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image has many defects, such as low resolution, strong noise interference and random distribution of the target, which increases the false alarm rate of traditional detection methods. To improve the detection accuracy of the SAR image, a novel detection method is proposed based on regional probability statistics and saliency analysis. A saliency analysis model based on dense and sparse reconstruction (DSR) is reconstructed to locate the target precisely. Firstly, the regional probability of the SAR image is estimated to extract the background region. And then, the extracted background sub-blocks are clustered and employed to replace the corresponding background template set of the DSR model. Subsequently, the reconstructed DSR model is used to extract the target, and the detection accuracy of the proposed method is enhanced greatly. Compared with the constant false alarm rate (CFAR)-based detection method, the proposed method can achieve a high detection accuracy and protect the edges of the SAR image.     

基于倾斜摄影测量的矿产地形三维可视化建模研究

对矿产地形进行三维可视化建模,指导地质勘探,提出基于倾斜摄影测量的矿产地形三维可视化建模方法,采用倾斜摄影测量进行矿产地形的三维图形重建,提取矿产地形的三维边缘轮廓特征量,采用稀疏性的模板特征匹配方法进行矿产地形三维可视化的块匹配,构建矿产地形的边界分布轮廓线,采用不规则三角网重建方法进行矿产地形三维可视化图像的视觉重构,结合倾斜摄影测量方法实现对矿产地形的三维离散点数据重构,提高对矿产地形三维可视化建模的精度。仿真结果表明,采用该方法进行矿产地形三维可视化建模的精度较高,视觉重构效果较好。     

三维地形场景的真实感绘制

三维地形场景的真实感绘制追求的两个目标是绘制的逼真度和绘制的实时性,需要在不明显降低图像质量的条件下保持较高的交互帧速率。为了满足实时性的需求,采用连续LOD算法和其它技术来加速地形绘制：为了满足逼真度的需求,采用SAR图像进行纹理映射,采用光照映射实现场景照明和明暗处理。     

Forest canopy height and carbon estimation at Monks Wood National Nature Reserve, UK, using dual-wavelength SAR interferometry

Forest canopy height is a critical parameter in better quantifying the terrestrial carbon cycle. It can be used to estimate aboveground biomass and carbon pools stored in the vegetation, and predict timber yield for forest management. Polarimetric SAR interferometry (PolInSAR) uses polarimetric separation of scattering phase centers derived from interferometry to estimate canopy height. A limitation of PolInSAR is that it relies on sufficient scattering phase center separation at each pixel to be able to derive accurate forest canopy height estimates. The effect of wavelength-dependent penetration depth into the canopy is known to be strong, and could potentially lead to a better height separation than relying on polarization combinations at one wavelength alone. Here we present a new method for canopy height mapping using dual-wavelength SAR interferometry (InSAR) at X- and L-band. The method is based on the scattering phase center separation at different wavelengths. It involves the generation of a smoothed interpolated terrain elevation model underneath the forest canopy from repeat-pass L-band InSAR data. The terrain model is then used to remove the terrain component from the single-pass X-band interferometric surface height to estimate forest canopy height. The ability of L-band to map terrain height under vegetation relies on sufficient spatial heterogeneity of the density of scattering elements that scatter L-band electromagnetic waves within each resolution cell. The method is demonstrated with airborne X-band VV polarized single-pass and L-band HH polarized repeat-pass SAR interferometry using data acquired by the E-SAR sensor over Monks Wood National Nature Reserve, UK. This is one of the first radar studies of a semi-natural deciduous woodland that exhibits considerable spatial heterogeneity of vegetation type and density. The canopy height model is validated using airborne imaging LIDAR data acquired by the Environment Agency. The rmse of the LIDAR canopy height estimates compared to theodolite data is 2.15 m (relative error 17.6%). The rmse of the dual-wavelength InSAR-derived canopy height model compared to LIDAR is 3.49 m (relative error 28.5%). From the canopy height maps carbon pools are estimated using allometric equations. The results are compared to a field survey of carbon pools and rmse values are presented. The dual-wavelength InSAR method could potentially be delivered from a spaceborne constellation similar to the TerraSAR system.     

基于GE和SU模型的动态侦察环境模拟方法

在传统无人侦察机模拟训练方法中,视景仿真环境逼真度不足,三维地形容易忽视动态目标.为此,提出一种基于谷歌地球(GE)和SketchUp(SU)模型的动态侦察环境模拟方法.通过GE场景建立三维仿真环境,利用SU制作三维模型,采用三次B样条插值方法对路径进行平滑处理,计算模型的姿态角,使用Keyhole标记语言和GE COM API,完成飞行视景仿真.实验结果表明,该方法能生成逼真的动态三维场景,减少建模工作和开发周期.     

一种结合双线性插值和Perlin Noise的地形生成算法

针对传统三维地形生成算法在生成大规模地形数据时用时较多的问题,提出了一种结合双线性插值和Perlin Noise的地形生成算法.该方法首先将初始地形数据进行扩展,之后利用双线性插值和Perlin Noise进行地形细节生成.该方法能够有效降低生成大规模地形数据时的时间,并且该算法还可利用低分率地形数据生成高分辨率地形数据.