基于奇异值分解的双重变换域图像水印算法

提出了一种基于奇异值分解的离散小波和离散余弦双重变换域数字图像水印算法。仿真结果表明,该算法不仅具有较好的水印不可见性,而且对常规攻击和几何攻击都具有较好的鲁棒性,且该算法采用灰度图像作为水印,增加了嵌入的信息量,在版权保护方面具有一定的应用价值。     

DWT-SVD and DCT based robust and blind watermarking scheme for copyright protection

In this article, a new DWT-SVD and DCT with Arnold Cat Map encryption based robust and blind watermarking scheme is proposed for copyright protection. The proposed scheme solves the most frequently occurring watermarking security problems in Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) based schemes which are unauthorized reading and false-positive detection. This scheme also optimizes fidelity and robustness characteristics. The grey image watermark splits into two parts using four bits MSBs and four bits LSBs of each pixel. Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) coefficients of these MSBs and LSBs values are embedded into the middle singular value of each block having size 4 × 4 of the host image’s one level Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) sub-bands. The reason for incorporating Arnold Cat Map in the proposed scheme is to encode the watermark image before embedding it in the host image. The proposed scheme is a blind scheme and does not require the choice of scaling factor. Thus, the proposed scheme is secure as well as free from the false positive detection problem. The proposed watermarking scheme is tested for various malicious and non-malicious attacks. The experimental results demonstrate that the scheme is robust, imperceptible and secure to several attacks and common signal processing operations.     

一种改进的DWT-SVD域参考水印方案

针对一类SVD域图像水印方案存在过高虚警概率的问题,提出了一种改进的混合DWT和SVD的图像参考水印算法。算法先对载体图像进行[n]层的离散小波变换,然后随机选取第[n]层的部分或全部子带形成参考子带,并对参考子带进行SVD分解;将Arnold置乱处理后的水印嵌入到SVD分解后的奇异值矩阵中。实验表明,提出的算法具有较好的透明性和安全性;与其他方案相比,解决了虚警概率问题,且对于大部分的攻击,具有更好的鲁棒性能。     

Color image ownership protection based on spectral domain watermarking using QR codes and QIM

Some watermarking authentication methods based on spectral domain using QR codes and Quantization Index Modulation (QIM) are proposed for ownership protection in color images. The QR code is created with the owners’ information and used as binary watermark sequence, which is permuted using Arnold Permutation to increase the security before embedding it. Once the watermark sequence is generated, the original color image is transformed from RGB to YCbCr color space where the Luminance Channel (Y) is processed by the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) to embed the binary watermark sequence using Quantization Index Modulation (QIM). The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

一种改进的魔方数字水印算法研究

为了提高数字水印算法的安全性和鲁棒性,在研究了各种常见的水印算法优缺点的基础上,提出了一种改进的基于魔方概念的数字水印算法。首先通过魔方混沌算法将原始水印转化为噪声信号,以提高水印安全性。再结合离散余弦变换(DCT)、离散小波变换(DWT)和矩阵奇异值分解(SVD)嵌入水印,以提高水印的不可见性和鲁棒性。实验结果表明,在确保不可见性的基础上,水印信息在噪声干扰、图像处理、图像压缩下具有很好的鲁棒性。     

基于DWT和SVD相结合的图像水印算法

以多级小波变换,奇异值分解为基础,一种新的可以同时抵抗几何变换及噪声攻击的图像数字水印算法被提出.首先对水印图像先做加密处理,将原始图像进行多级小波分解,然后对其低频部分进行奇异值分解,并把已加密的水印信息嵌入其中.实验结论和攻击测试表明:该算法不仅具有较好的不可感性,而且与相近算法相比,该方法可以同时抗击几何变换,如旋转、剪切、镜像,及叠加噪声如椒盐、高斯噪声等外界攻击,并具有很好的鲁棒性.     

一种改进的抗几何攻击彩色图像水印算法

提出一种基于加速鲁棒性特征算法（Speed-Up Robust Features,SURF）的抗几何攻击彩色图像水印算法。首先,在彩色图像中的红色分量中检测SURF特征点,并且生成SURF特征描述算子。然后,利用二级离散小波变换（Discrete Wave-let Transform,DWT）得到图像蓝色以及绿色分量的低频信息,并对其进行奇异值分解（Singular Value Decomposition,SVD）。最后将经过一级小波变换后的水印图像对应嵌入彩色图像蓝色分量和绿色分量的低频区域之中。实验结果表明,嵌入水印后的图像在经过几何攻击后,其提取的水印与原水印仍具有较高的相似度,该算法具有较好的鲁棒性。     

基于哈达玛变换和奇异分解的四个彩色图像水印算法

针对在某一数字产品中仅仅嵌入一种水印已经不能满足人们要求的问题,基于哈达玛变换的正交原理和奇异分解(SVD)的相对稳定性等优点,提出了一种在基于离散小波变换-离散余弦变换(DWT-DCT)域上利用哈达玛变换和SVD实现4个彩色图像水印同时嵌入的算法。先利用哈达玛变换,使4个水印成为1个水印,再将该水印进行SVD。原载体图像先进行DWT和DCT,再进行SVD和水印嵌入。仿真结果表明,该方法不但可以同时嵌入多个水印,而且具有很强的鲁棒性。     

基于DWT-SVD域的图像水印算法

离散小波变换和奇异值分解都可以作为数字水印算法有效的工具,提出一种基于离散小波变换和奇异值分解的数字水印算法.此算法先将整个图像分成4个区域,然后再对每个区域运用奇异值分解方法,通过修改奇异值来嵌入水印信息.实验结果表明,该算法具有很好的稳健性,在经过一般的信号处理操作后,嵌入的水印能被可靠地提取和检测.     

A robust logo watermarking technique in divisive normalization transform domain

In this paper, a novel image watermarking scheme has been presented, which is based on Divisive Normalization Transform, Discrete Wavelet Transform and Singular Value Decomposition. Through this paper an attempt has been made to solve the problem of statically and perceptually redundant wavelet coefficients, used during watermarking with the help of divisive normalization transform while maintaining the robustness and imperceptibility. Divisive Normalization Transform is an adaptive nonlinear image illustration in which all linear transform coefficient are divided by a weighted sum of coefficient amplitudes in a generalized neighbourhood. The idea of embedding the watermark image into singular values of divisively normalized coefficients of host image has been exploited. The proposed algorithm is providing the perceptually better-quality watermarked image and at the same time maintaining the robustness of watermarked algorithm. Thus the proposed watermarking algorithm is a semi-blind, image adaptive due to use of divisive normalization transform and suitable for rightful ownership. Various comparative results make the algorithm superior in terms of intentional and non-intentional attacks.     

An efficient encryption-then-compression technique for encrypted images using SVD

This paper presents a lossy compression technique for encrypted images using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and Huffman coding. The core idea of the proposed technique lies in the selection of significant and less significant coefficients in the wavelet domain. Significant and less significant coefficients are encrypted using pseudo-random number sequence and coefficient permutation respectively. Furthermore, encrypted significant data is compressed by quantization and entropy coding while, less significant encrypted data is efficiently compressed by discarding irrelevant information using SVD and Huffman coding techniques. At receiver side, a reliable decompression and decryption technique is used to reconstruct the original image content with the help of compressed bit streams and secret keys. The performance of proposed technique is evaluated using parameters such as Compression Ratio (CR) and Peak-Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR). Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed work over prior work on compression of encrypted images and obtain the compression performance comparable to state of art work on compression of unencrypted images i.e. JPEG standard.     

模糊集与非线性增益相结合的自适应图像增强算法*

提出了一种模糊集增强与非线性增益相结合的自适应图像增强算法,使用双正交小波变换对原始图像进行分解,低频子带系数采用改进的模糊集增强算法,以提升图像的整体对比度;对高频子带,先采用贝叶斯萎缩法估计噪声与信号的阈值,再使用一种非线性增益函数增强图像细节并抑制噪声。对算法中影响增强效果的关键参数进行了研究,并提出了一种模糊集增强算子的阈值选取算法,能够实现不同图像自适应参数选择;将信息熵作为非线性增益函数的参数选取准则,并针对算法中排序算法运算量过多导致算法时间过长的情况,提出了一种替代求解方法,极大地提高了算法效率。对算法进行仿真,结果表明：算法能够有效提升对比度、增强图像细节并抑制噪声,可以明显改善图像的视觉效果,具有参数自适应、算法效率高等优点。     

基于整数小波变换和SVD的视频水印算法

提出了一种以二值图像为水印的混合整数小波变换和奇异值分解的视频水印盲提取算法。对水印图像进行混沌加密和Arnold置乱处理,选择计算复杂度低的直方图算法将视频分割为若干场景;借助密钥随机选取某些场景的亮度分量进行l级整数小波变换,再对低频子带进行分块的奇异值分解;采用量化的方法,将预处理后的水印图像嵌入奇异值分解后的最大奇异值中。在嵌入了水印的视频场景中提取所有的水印版本之后,利用对提取的所有水印信号版本进行统计求和的方法得到最终提取的水印图像。实验表明,提出的算法具有较好的透明性,对常见的处理具有较好的鲁棒性。     

Dimensionality Reduction for Fast Similarity Search in Large Time Series Databases

The problem of similarity search in large time series databases has attracted much attention recently. It is a non-trivial problem because of the inherent high dimensionality of the data. The most promising solutions involve first performing dimensionality reduction on the data, and then indexing the reduced data with a spatial access method. Three major dimensionality reduction techniques have been proposed: Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), the Discrete Fourier transform (DFT), and more recently the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). In this work we introduce a new dimensionality reduction technique which we call Piecewise Aggregate Approximation (PAA). We theoretically and empirically compare it to the other techniques and demonstrate its superiority. In addition to being competitive with or faster than the other methods, our approach has numerous other advantages. It is simple to understand and to implement, it allows more flexible distance measures, including weighted Euclidean queries, and the index can be built in linear time. Received 16 May 2000 / Revised 18 December 2000 / Accepted in revised form 2 January 2001     

基于EMD-SVD差分谱的DWT域LMMSE自适应信道估计算法

针对当前基于奇异值分解的线性最小均方误差（SVD-LMMSE）法信道估计误差相对较大的问题,提出了一种基于经验模态分解和奇异值分解（EMD-SVD）差分谱的离散小波变换（DWT）域线性最小均方误差（LMMSE）自适应信道估计算法。在对信号进行最小二乘（LS）信道估计及预滤波处理后,运用DWT对信号的高频系数进行阈值量化去噪处理;然后结合基于EMD-SVD差分谱的自适应算法,将强噪声小波系数中微弱的有效信号提取出来,并进行信号的重构;最后根据循环前缀（CP）内、外噪声方差的均值设置相应门限,对循环前缀以内的噪声进行再次处理,从而进一步降低噪声的影响。对算法的误码率（BER）和均方误差（MSE）性能进行实验仿真,实验结果表明：所提算法的整体性能明显优于经典的LS算法、传统的LMMSE算法和目前较为流行的SVD-LMMSE算法,能够较好地降低噪声的影响,并可有效提升信道估计的精确度。     

An efficient and robust watermarking approach based on single value decompression,multi-level DWT,and wavelet fusion with scrambled medical images

This paper offers a medical image watermarking approach based on Wavelet Fusion (WF), Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), and Multi-Level Discrete Wavelet Transform (M-DWT) with scrambling techniques for securing the watermarks images. The proposed approach can be used for providing multi-level security in various applications such as military, copyright protection, and telemedicine systems. The key idea of the projected approach is to first combine two digital watermark images into a single fused watermark to increase the embedded information payload. Then, the fused watermark is scrambled using Arnold and Chaotic algorithms. Finally, the scrambled fused watermark is embedded in the cover image using the SVD and three-level DWT algorithms. The selection of the Arnold and chaotic for watermark encryption is attributed to confirm robustness which resists several types of multimedia attacks and upturn the security level. This paper also presents a comparative study of the proposed approach for different digital images to determine its robustness and stability. Several simulation results reveal that the proposed system improves the capacity and security of embedded medical watermarks without affecting the cover image quality. In conclusion, the proposed approach achieved not only precise acceptable perceptual quality with admired Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) values but similarly high Correlation Coefficient (Cr) and SSIM values in the existence of severe attacks.

     

A semi-blind HVS based image watermarking scheme using elliptic curve cryptography

In the present paper, an advanced encryption technique commonly known as Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) is used to embed a binary image as a watermark in five grayscale host images in a semi-blind manner. The ECC algorithm is a fast encryption technique which successfully encrypts the subject with significantly less number of bits as compared to other popular encryption algorithms such as Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) and Direct Selling Association (DSA). In the proposed watermarking scheme, embedding in the grayscale host images is carried out in DWT-SVD domain. First, entropy based Human Visual System (HVS) parameters are computed block wise to identify the most appropriate blocks in spatial domain. First level DWT is computed for these selected blocks and watermark embedding is carried out by using the calculated Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) parameters. Preliminary results of this work show that proposed scheme outperforms the other similar schemes carried out in DCT-SVD domain without using any encryption method. It is concluded that the use of DWT-SVD hybrid architecture along with the fast encryption technique ECC is responsible for better performance in present case. In the second part of this simulation, an established HVS model working in DCT domain is implemented and compared with the entropy based HVS model implemented in transform domain to embed the ECC encrypted binary watermark in images. In this case also, proposed scheme performs better both in terms of visual imperceptibility and robustness as compared to other scheme. It is concluded that HVS parameters – Luminance, Contrast and Edge Sensitivity are better placed in comparison to entropy parameters to examine image features and characteristics for watermarking purpose.     

复合NSCT分解DCT变换和SVD分解的多重变换水印

为了提高水印的抗旋转攻击鲁棒性,加大水印的嵌入量,提出了一种基于非采样Contourlet变换（NSCT）和离散余弦变换（DCT）结合的双重变换域水印算法。对图像进行NSCT变换,将低频系数进行DCT变换,对DCT域低频系数进行奇异值分解（SVD）。经仿真实验表明,该算法对常规滤波、旋转有很好的鲁棒性,特别面对旋转攻击时,算法仍能很好地提取出水印信息。     

基于DDCT与TCSVD的人脸特征提取与识别算法

提出一种基于分块离散余弦变换(DCT)与奇异值分解阈值压缩(TCSVD)的人脸特征提取与识别算法。该算法对人脸图像进行分块DCT变换,根据图像块位置和能量分布选择不同的DCT高低频分量构建特征矩阵,通过对每个图像块的特征矩阵进行SVD阈值压缩和特征组合来构建人脸鉴别特征,并利用分类器进行特征分类与识别。AR人脸库上的实验结果验证了该算法的有效性。