铸态及快淬态La2Mg（Ni0.85Co0.15）9Crx（x=0～0.2）电极合金的微观结构及电化学性能

为了提高La-Mg-Ni系（PuNi3）型贮氢合金的电化学循环稳定性,在La2Mg（Ni0.85Co0.15）9合金中加入微量Cr,用铸造及快淬工艺制备了La2Mg（Ni0.85Co0.15）9Crx（x=0,0.1,0.2）贮氢合金.分析测试了铸态及快淬态合金的电化学性能及微观结构,研究了Cr对铸态及快淬态合金微观结构及电化学性能的影响.结果表明,铸态及快淬态合金具有多相结构,包括（La,Mg）Ni3相（PuNi3结构））,LaNi5相和一定量的LaNi2相.快淬对合金的相组成没有影响,但使合金的相丰度产生变化.Cr的加入提高了铸态及快淬态合金的循环稳定性,但使合金的容量下降.合金的循环寿命随淬速的增加而增加,铸态及快淬态合金均有优良的活化性能.     

La0.7Mg0.3Ni2.55-xCo0.45Alx(x=0～0.4)贮氢合金的循环稳定性

为了提高La-Mg-Ni系贮氢合金的循环稳定性,以Al部分替代Ni,采铸造及快淬工艺制备了La0.7Mg0.3Ni2.55-xCo0.45Alx(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4)电极合金,研究了Al替代量及快淬工艺对合金微观结构及电化学循环稳定性的影响。X射线衍射分析结果表明:铸态及快淬态合金具有多相结构,包括(La,Mg)Ni3相、LaNi5相和一定量的LaNi2相;Al替代使铸态合金中LaNi2相的量显著增加,但对快淬态合金中LaNi2相的相丰度影响不显著。电化学测试结果表明:随Al替代量的增加,合金的循环寿命大幅度提高;快淬处理可以提高合金的循环寿命,但随Al替代量的增加,淬速对循环寿命的影响减小。     

快淬工艺对La-Mg-Ni系贮氢合金微观结构及电化学性能的影响

用铸造及快淬工艺制备了La-Mg-Ni系（PuNi3型）贮氢合金La2Mg（Ni0．85Co0.15）9Bx（x=0，0．1，0．2），分析测试了铸态及快淬态合金的微观结构与电化学性能，研究了硼及快淬工艺对合金微观结构及电化学性能的影响。结果表明，铸态合金具有多相结构，主相包括（La，Mg）Ni3相（PuNi3型）和LaNi5相，残余相为一定量的LaNi2相和微量的Ni2B相，经快淬处理后Ni2B相消失，并且其它相的相对量随淬速的变化而变化。不含硼合金的容量随淬速的增加而单调减小，含硼合金的容量随淬速变化有一个极大值。合金的循环寿命随淬速的增加而增加，铸态及快淬态合金均有优良的活化性能。     

快淬La—Mg—Ni系贮氢合金的电化学性能及微观结构

采用铸造及快淬工艺制备了La—Mg-Ni系（PuNi3型）贮氢合金La0.7Mg0.3Ni2.55-Co0.45Cux（x=0～0．4），分析测试了铸态及快淬态合金的电化学性能与微观结构，研究了Cu替代Ni及快淬工艺对合金微观结构及电化学性能的影响。结果表明：铸态及快淬态合金具有多相结构，包括（La，Mg）Ni3相和LaNi5相和一定量的LaNi2相。快淬处理对合金的相组成没有影响，但使合会的衍射峰趋于均匀一致。Cu替代Ni使合金的电化学容量下降，但使合金的循环稳定性及放电电压特性得到改善。快淬可提高合金的循环稳定性，但使合金的容量下降。     

Improved Cycle Stability of La0.75-xPrxMg0.25Ni3.2Co0.2Al0.1 (x=0-0.4) Electrode Alloys by Melt Spinning

为了改善 La-Mg-Ni 系 A2B7型电极合金的电化学循环稳定性,用 Pr 部分替代合金中的 La,并用熔体快淬工艺制备了La0.75-xPrxMg0.25Ni3.2Co0.2Al0.1(x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4)电极合金。用 XRD、SEM、TEM 分析了铸态及快淬态合金的微观结构。结果表明,铸态及快淬态合金均具有多相结构,包括 2 个主相(La,Mg)Ni3及 LaNi5和 1 个残余相 LaNi2。熔体快淬导致 LaNi5相增加而(La,Mg)Ni3相减少。电化学测试结果表明,熔体快淬显著地提高合金的电化学循环稳定性。当淬速从 0 m/s (铸态被定义为淬速 0 m/s)增加到 20 m/s 时,x=0 合金 100 次充放循环后的容量保持率从 65.32%增加到 73.97%,x=0.4 合金的容量保持率从 79.36%增加到 93.08%。     

铸态及快淬态La_(0.55)M_(0.2)Mg_(0.25)Ni_(3.2)Co_(0.2)Al_(0.1)(M=Zr,Pr)合金的电化学贮氢动力学

为了改善La-Mg-Ni系A2B7型电极合金的动力学性能,用M(M=Zr,Pr)部分替代合金中的A侧元素La。用真空快淬技术制备了La0.5 5M0.2Mg0.25Ni3.2Co0.2Al0.1(M=Zr,Pr)电极合金,探索了快淬工艺参数对合金电化学贮氢动力学性能的影响。用XRD、SEM及TEM表征了铸态及快淬态合金的结构,结果发现,铸态及快淬态合金均由多相组成,包括两个主相(La,Mg)2Ni7和LaNi5以及残余相LaNi2。快淬Pr替代合金具有微晶、纳米晶结构,而在快淬Zr替代合金中发现明显的非晶相。电化学测试结果表明,合金的高倍率放电能力随淬速的增加先增加后减小。电化学交流阻抗(EIS)、Tafel极化曲线及电位阶跃测试的结果都表明,合金的电化学贮氢动力学性能随淬速的增加先上升后下降。     

快淬对La-Mg-Ni系A_2B_7型电极合金循环稳定性的影响

用熔体快淬工艺制备了La-Mg-Ni系A2B7型La0.75-xZrxMg0.25Ni3.2Co0.2Al0.1（x=0,0.05,0.1,0.15,0.2）电极合金。用XRD、SEM、TEM分析了铸态及快淬态合金的微观结构,用程控电池测试设备测试了铸态及快淬态合金电极的电化学循环稳定性,研究了快淬工艺对合金结构及电化学循环稳定性的影响,探讨了电极合金的失效机理。结果表明,快淬态合金均具有多相结构,包括两个主相（La,Mg）Ni3及LaNi5和一个残余相LaNi2。快淬处理可以显著改善合金的电化学循环稳定性。导致合金失效的主要原因是电极表面被电解液剧烈腐蚀以及合金电极在电化学循环过程中的粉化。     

铸态及快淬态La0. 55 M0. 2 Mg0. 25 Ni3.2C00.2 Al0.1（M=Zr，Pr）合金的电化学贮氢动力学

为了改善La-Mg-Ni系A2B7型电极合金的动力学性能,用M（M=Zr,Pr）部分替代合金中的A侧元素La。用真空快淬技术制备了La0. 55 M0. 2 Mg0. 25 Ni3.2C00.2 Al0.1（M=Zr,Pr）电极合金,探索了快淬工艺参数对合金电化学贮氢动力学性能的影响。用XRD、SEM及TEM表征了铸态及快淬态合金的结构,结果发现,铸态及快淬态合金均由多相组成,包括两个主相（La,Mg）2Ni7和LaNi5以及残余相LaNi2。快淬Pr替代合金具有微晶、纳米晶结构,而在快淬Zr替代合金中发现明显的非晶相。电化学测试结果表明,合金的高倍率放电能力随淬速的增加先增加后减小。电化学交流阻抗（EIS）、Tafd极化曲线及电位阶跃测试的结果都表明,合金的电化学贮氢动力学性能随淬速的增加先上升后下降。     

Zr替代La对快淬态A2B7型电极合金结构及电化学性能的影响

用铸造及快淬工艺制备了A2B7型电极合金,合金的名义成分为La0.75-xZrxMg0.25Ni3.2Co0.2Al0.1 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2)。深入研究了Zr替代La对合金微观结构及电化学性能的影响。用XRD、SEM、TEM分析了合金的结构。结果表明,铸态及快淬态合金均具有多相结构,含有两个主相(La,Mg)Ni3和LaNi5以及一个残余相LaNi2。Zr替代La使合金中LaNi5相明显增加,并促进快淬态合金中形成非晶相。电化学测试的结果表明,Zr替代La明显降低合金的放电容量,但显著改善合金的电化学循环稳定性。当Zr含量小于0.1时,合金的放电容量随淬速的增加而先增加后减小,合金的循环稳定性随淬速的增加而单调增加。     

快淬对La0.7Mg0.3Co0.45Ni2.55-xCux (x=0-0.4)电极合金微观结构及电化学性能的影响

应用铸造及快淬工艺制备了La0 7Mg0.3Co0.45Ni2.55-xCux (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4)贮氢电极合金,研究了快淬工艺对合金微观结构及电化学性能的影响.XRD,SEM及TEM的分析结果表明,铸态及快淬态合金具有多相结构,包括(La,Mg)Ni3相,LaNi5相以及LaNi2相.快淬对合金的相组成没有明显影响,但显著地改变了合金的相丰度.快淬还显著地改善合金的成分均匀性,并使合金的晶粒明显细化.电化学测试的结果表明,快淬大幅度提高合金的电化学循环稳定性,但使合金的放电容量和活化性能下降.快淬对合金的放电电压特性具有明显的影响,当淬速大于15m/s时,快淬降低合金的放电电压,并使放电平台的斜率明显增大.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。