玻璃纤维/不饱和聚酯191复合材料阻燃性能的研究

以不饱和聚酯191为基体材料,玻璃纤维为增强材料,加入相应的阻燃剂,制得阻燃复合材料。研究了不同的玻璃纤维含量对复合材料力学性能和阻燃性能的影响,以及阻燃剂的不同种类、含量对复合材料力学性能和阻燃性能的影响。通过SEM分析了基体材料与拉伸断面纤维的结构和断裂情况。结果表明,在一定范围内,复合材料力学性能随着阻燃剂用量的增加而降低;拉伸强度随着玻璃纤维加入量的增加而增加;冲击强度在少量玻璃纤维加入时略有降低,后随玻璃纤维加入量的增加而增加。当阻燃剂含量为20份时,硼酸锌、氢氧化铝、三氯乙烯磷酸酯氧指数分别为30.0、28.5、25.0,三氯乙烯磷酸酯阻燃效果最好。     

新型低烟无卤阻燃电缆料的制备及表征

研究了以磷酸三甲苯酯(TCP)、水滑石(LDHs)、氢氧化铝(ATH)复配得到的复合阻燃剂对乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVM:AV含量大于40%)性能的影响。分别通过氧指数、水平燃烧和拉伸性能测试考察了TCP/LDHs/ATH/EVM复合材料的阻燃性能和力学性能。结果表明,当TCP/LDHs/ATH/EVA为20/35/35/100(质量份数)时,复合材料的极限氧指数(LOI)达到35.2,阻燃级别为FH-1;断裂伸长率达到280%,拉伸强度达到11.0MPa。此复合材料可用于制造阻燃电缆。     

无机阻燃剂对PVC/木粉复合材料性能的影响

分别采用A1(OH)3、ZB以及Sb2O3等无机阻燃剂对PVC/木粉复合材料改性,研究不同的阻燃剂配方及阻燃剂含量对PVC/木粉复合材料阻燃性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着A1(OH)3,ZB以及Sb2O3添加量的增加,PVC/木粉复合材料的氧指数(LOI)呈逐渐增大的趋势。Sb2O3阻燃效率最高,当添加量为9份时,氧指数达到35.2%;无机阻燃剂的加入普遍降低了PVC/木粉复合材料的冲击韧性,但对拉伸强度起到了一定的增强作用。     

[O{MoO( O2)2｝2]2-插层LDHs对软PVC协同阻燃效果的研究

采用共沉淀法制备了MgAl-CO3-LDHs、ZnAl-CO3-LDHs及ZnMgAl-CO3-LDHs,然后采用离子交换法制备了[O{MoO(O2)2}2]2-插层的LDHs;将制得的LDHs样品分别与软PVC共混,并对其阻燃性能与机械性能进行了测试。结果表明,当LDHs阻燃剂的添加量不高于5份时,所得软PVC复合材料的氧指数均随着添加量的增大而增大,其中添加了5份[O{MoO(O2)2}2]2-插层ZnMgAl-LDHs阻燃剂后,软PVC的氧指数由27.5%提高到30.5%,其阻燃性能优于其他几种LDHs阻燃剂,表现出较好的协同阻燃效果。     

PS/MCA复合材料的阻燃性能研究

将聚苯乙烯(PS)树脂与氰脲酸三聚氰胺(MCA)直接进行熔融复合制备PS/MCA复合材料,通过X射线衍射对复合材料微观结构进行了分析,用水平燃烧试验、垂直燃烧试验、氧指数试验和高温处理试验研究了复合材料的燃烧性能.结果表明:复合材料在制备和加工过程中MCA微观结构并没有发生变化,因此复合材料中MCA的阻燃机理不变;MCA的引入使PS的阻燃性能得到明显改善,随着MCA含量增加,复合材料的发烟和滴落减少,氧指数增大,水平燃烧级别提高;MCA用量为20份时复合材料能够自熄,40份时,复合材料的氧指数从17.5%增加至20.8%,水平燃烧斌验可达到FH-1级.研究发现,MCA的引入并不能够使PS基体成炭,其对PS的阻燃机理主要是气相稀释和对PS基体的冷却效应.     

纳米氧化镁与磷酸酯协效阻燃聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯的研究

首先探讨了磷酸酯(PX)及纳米氧化镁(MG)对聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)阻燃和力学性能的影响。然后固定磷酸酯阻燃剂用量,考察了纳米氧化镁的添加量对PBT/PX复合体系的阻燃性能和力学性能的影响。实验结果表明,在磷酸酯阻燃剂的质量分数为15%,纳米氧化镁为10%时,PBT复合材料在保持一定的力学性能的基础上氧指数从20.3%提高到28.8%,达到UL94 V-0级,并表现出良好的消烟效果,表明该PBT复合体系具有优良的阻燃性能和力学性能。     

无机阻燃剂对PVC木塑复合材料的影响

采用A1(OH)3、ZB-2335(硼酸锌-2335)以及Sb2O3等无机阻燃剂对PVC木塑复合材料进行阻燃处理,并通过测定氧指数、拉伸强度、冲击强度项目研究不同的阻燃剂配方及含量对材料的阻燃性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明:(1)随着A1(OH)3,ZB-2335以及Sb2O3添加量的增加,复合材料的氧指数(LOI)都呈现逐渐增大的趋势。Sb2O3阻燃效率最高,当添加量为9份时,氧指数达到35.2%;(2)无机阻燃剂的加入普遍降低了复合材料的冲击强度,但对拉伸强度起到了一定的增强作用。     

PS/HDPE无卤阻燃复合材料的增韧研究

以弹性体为增韧剂,聚苯乙烯接枝马来酸酐(PS-g-MAH)为增容剂,聚磷酸铵、季戊四醇膨胀阻燃体系复配微胶囊化红磷为阻燃剂,制备了聚苯乙烯/高密度聚乙烯(PS/HDPE)无卤阻燃复合材料,考察了PS与HDPE配比、弹性体种类及用量、PS-g-MAH接枝率及用量对复合材料力学性能及微观结构的影响。结果表明:当PS:HDPE=75:25时,复合材料的冲击强度提高至1.41kJ/m2;SEBS与SBS配比为1:1.7时,可使PS/HDPE无卤阻燃复合材料的拉伸强度增至21.3MPa,冲击强度达到2.81kJ/m2;添加12份接枝率为3.7%的PS-g-MAH后,PS/HDPE/SEBS/SBS无卤阻燃复合材料的冲击强度达到了4.89kJ/m2。     

大分子溴系复合阻燃剂对PS和发泡PS的阻燃改性

将大分子溴系阻燃剂(FR–122P)与溴化环氧树脂(2200HM)组成的复合阻燃剂应用于聚苯乙烯(PS)复合材料和发泡PS中,研究了复合阻燃剂的配比和含量对PS复合材料阻燃性能以及复合阻燃剂含量对发泡PS泡孔结构和阻燃性能的影响,采用热重分析、扫描电子显微镜观察、极限氧指数(LOI)测试、垂直燃烧(UL–94)和水平燃烧试验等手段进行了表征。结果表明,当FR–122P与2200HM质量比为4∶1、总添加量为25%时,PS复合材料的LOI可达25.8%,并可通过UL–94 V–0等级;当复合阻燃剂的添加量为40%时,可得到泡孔尺寸较小、泡孔密度较大、膨胀倍率较高的发泡PS复合材料,且其可通过泡沫水平燃烧的HF–2等级。大分子溴系阻燃剂与溴化环氧树脂的复合阻燃剂对PS和发泡PS复合材料具有较好的阻燃效果。     

阻燃型丁腈橡胶/氯化聚丙烯橡塑复合材料的制备与性能研究

通过在丁腈橡胶(NBR)/氯化聚丙烯(CPP)橡塑复合材料中添加协同阻燃剂三氧化二锑,制备了阻燃型NBR/CPP橡塑复合材料,考察了三氧化二锑用量对NBR/CPP橡塑复合材料硫化特性、力学性能和燃烧性能的影响。实验结果表明:三氧化二锑的加入没有降低NBR/CPP橡塑复合材料的加工性能;当三氧化二锑用量为10.0份时,NBR/CPP橡塑复合材料的拉伸强度、300%定伸应力和邵氏硬度分别增加了15.7%、112%和10.9%;复合材料的氧指数(LOI)随三氧化二锑用量的增加逐渐增大,当三氧化二锑用量为2.5份时,复合材料氧指数为27.4%,达到自熄级阻燃效果。     

水滑石/丁腈橡胶纳米复合材料的制备及性能研究

采用乳液复合法制备水滑石(LDHs)/丁腈橡胶(NBR)纳米复合材料,并对其结构和性能进行研究。结果表明:复合材料中LDHs均匀分散在NBR基体中;与NBR胶料相比,LDHs/NBR复合材料的物理性能和气体阻隔性能明显提高;当LDHs/NBR用量比为1/20且LDHs用量为1份时,LDHs/NBR复合母胶/溴化丁基橡胶并用胶的气体阻隔性能较好。     

Preparation and flame retardancy of polystyrene nanocomposites based on layered double hydroxides

Various layered double hydroxides (LDHs), including MgAl, CoAl, NiAl, and ZnAl‐LDHs, were synthesized and modified using sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate. Nonhalogen flame‐retardant PS/LDHs nanocomposites were prepared via melt mixing method. The structure of PS/LDHs nanocomposites was investigated by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern technique, and scanning electronic microscope. Results from XRD indicated that intercalated/exfoliated structure was achieved in the polystyrene matrix. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis suggested that the storage modulus and T _g for the PS/LDHs nanocomposites was efficiently improved. Thermal and flammability properties of PS nanocomposites were investigated using thermogravimetry and cone calorimetry. Thermal analysis was evaluated and the prepared nanocomposites showed slightly lower thermal stability probably due to the presence of LDH, which starts to decompose at a lower temperature. Compared with neat PS, the peak heat release rate of PS/MgAl and PS/ZnAl‐LDHs nanocomposites filled with 5 wt% LDHs is reduced by 7% and 12%, respectively. Among all LDHs, MgAl, and ZnAl‐LDHs had a better smoke suppression effect with a reduction of peak smoke production rate and CO release rate of 37% and 44%, respectively. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:1680–1688, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Study on preparation of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and properties of EPDM/LDHs composites

Abstract

The aim of this work was to study preparation and characterisation of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and their effects on the mechanical and flame-retardant properties of ethylene propylene diene (EPDM) polymer. A series of Mg–Al, Ni–Al, and Cu–Al hydrotalcite-like compounds were prepared. The surface morphology, interlayer space, interlamellar structure, and thermal properties of these LDHs were investigated. Results showed that a best thermal stability could be obtained with Cu–Al–LDHs as the most effective components. EPDM/Cu–Al–LDHs composites were prepared by conventional compounding with EPDM and Cu–Al type of LDHs. The cure characteristics, tensile strength, wear resistant, and flame-retardant properties were investigated. The best properties were observed for 10 phr of Cu–Al–LDHs filled composite, which resulted in no obvious changes of tensile strength, increased thermal stability, 45% decrease in abrasion loss, and 53% increase in vertical burning time, respectively, compared to that of pure EPDM matrix.     

Preparation of PET/LDH composite materials and their mechanical properties and permeability for O2

The terephthalate‐intercalated LDHs (TA‐LDHs) are used to improve the barrier properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) for their application in liquid food packaging. First, TA‐LDHs were synthesized from freshly prepared metal hydroxides. PET/LDH nanocomposites were then prepared by a masterbatch process. The structures and morphologies of TA‐LDHs and PET/LDH nanocomposites were characterized using X‐ray diffractometer, transmission electronic microscopy, and scanning electron microscope. The mechanical performances and the oxygen permeability of the PET/LDH composites were measured using a precision universal tester and differential pressure gas permeameter, respectively. The influence of TA‐LDH content on their structures and properties was studied. PET/LDH nanocomposites with 1 and 2 wt% of TA‐LDHs are partially exfoliated nanocomposites, while PET/LDH with 5 wt% of TA‐LDHs is an intercalated nanocomposite. The PET/LDH nanocomposites prepared by a masterbatch process show better mechanical properties and gas barrier properties. PET/LDHs‐m2 with 2 wt% of TA‐LDHs could offer up to a 29.4% improvement in tensile strength over PET and the Young's modulus is increased by 38.9%. The O₂ permeation of PET/LDHs‐m2 with 2 wt% of TA‐LDHs is decreased by 46.2%. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:E366–E371, 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Preparation, characterization, and supercritical carbon dioxide foaming of polystyrene/graphene oxide composites

Graphene oxide (GO) was prepared by oxidation of graphite using the Hummers method, and was modified by isocyanate to obtain dispersed GO sheets in dimethylformamide. Polystyrene (PS)/GO composites were prepared by solution blending, and their morphologies and properties were characterized. The addition of GO increased the glass transition temperature of the PS/GO composites. The storage modulus and thermal stability of the composites were also improved compared with PS. Foams of PS and PS/GO composites were prepared by supercritical carbon dioxide foaming. The composite foams exhibited slightly higher cell density and smaller cell size compared with the PS foam, indicating the GO sheets can act as heterogeneous nucleation agents.     

稀土镧水滑石纳米复合材料的制备与表征

通过原位聚合法制备聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸丁酯)/Mg-Al-La水滑石(PMBA/Mg-Al-La-LDHs)纳米复合材料,以同样方法合成PMBA/Mg-Al-LDHs纳米复合材料为作为对照,经XRD表征与TEM测试表明,两种复合材料中LDHs是以剥离的形式分散在基体中,TG谱图揭示LDHs纳米层板可有效提高PMBA/LDHs纳米复合材料的热稳定性,将这两种复合材料以2%质量分数的添加量分别加到聚苯乙烯(PS)中,发现它们都能提高PS的力学性能,添加复合材料的PS拉伸强度比纯PS提高了100%。     

Comparison of morphology and mechanical properties of peroxide‐cured acrylonitrile butadiene rubber/LDH composites prepared from different organically modified LDHs

Rubber compounds based on acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) containing organically modified layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were prepared using peroxide as a curing agent. The LDHs intercalated by organic compounds including sodium styrene sulfonate (SSS) and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) while the unmodified LDHs were used as contrast. Experimental results from TGA and XRD showed that both SSS‐ and SDBS‐intercalated LDHs were successfully obtained. The morphology of the LDH composites was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and XRD. The chemical structure of NBR/LDHs compounds were measured by Fourier transform infrared spectrum. The thermal properties were measured by TGA and differential scanning calorimetry. Other properties such as mechanical and swelling properties were also investigated. The results showed that a chemical bonding between organically modified LDHs and rubber matrix through SSS was built during vulcanization, which leads to improved interfacial strength of the cured compound. A high‐performance acrylonitrile butadiene rubber/SSS‐modified LDH compound, which has two times higher tensile strength than cured pure rubber without significant loss of elongation, was obtained. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

聚苯醚/聚苯乙烯/纳米二氧化硅复合材料的制备及其结构与性能

通过熔融共混法制备了聚苯醚(PPE)/聚苯乙烯(PS)/纳米二氧化硅(SiO2)复合材料,并采用透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、力学性能测试及Hakke流变仪等研究了复合材料的结构与性能。结果表明,纳米SiO2均匀分散在PPE/PS基体中,粒径随着SiO2含量的增加而增大;随着纳米SiO2含量的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和缺口冲击强度呈现先增大后降低的趋势,弯曲强度和玻璃化转变温度逐渐增大,蠕变量则逐渐降低。     

Mechanical and Hygrothermal Aging Study on Polystyrene/Organo-montmorillonite Nanocomposites

Melt intercalation blending of polystyrene (PS)/organo-montmorillonite (OMMT) was prepared using the extrusion technique followed by compression molding. The loading of OMMT ranged from 2–10 wt.%. Maleic-anhydride grafted poly(styrene-block-(ethylene-co-butadiene)-block-styrene) (SEBSgMAH) was added to PS/OMMT composites in order to improve the impact strength of the composites. The concentration of SEBSgMAH ranged from 5–15%. The mechanical properties of PS/OMMT were characterized using flexural and impact tests. The morphological properties of the composites were studied using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Intercalation of the OMMT layered silicates in the PS matrix was conformed by the XRD spectra. The incorporation of SEBSgMAH improved the flexural strength, flexural displacement, and impact strength of PS/OMMT significantly. The percentage of retention and recovery in impact strength of PS/OMMT nanocomposites after being subjected to hygrothermal aging were increased by the addition of SEBSgMAH.     

PP/PS/纳米插层高岭土复合材料的制备及性能研究

采用熔融共混法制备了聚丙烯/聚苯乙烯/二甲基亚砜插层改性高岭土（PP/PS/K-DMSO）复合材料。研究了不同用量K-DMSO对PP/PS共混材料的结构及性能的影响。结果表明,随着K-DMSO的加入,复合材料的加工性能、力学性能、热性能均得到提高;与PP/PS共混材料相比,在K-DMSO的加入量为6 %（质量分数,下同）时,熔融流动速率增加了2.925 g/(10min),冲击强度提高了48.8 %,弯曲强度提高了24.1 %。扫描电镜分析表明,K-DMSO的加入,使PP与PS两相界面模糊,PS分散相尺寸减小,增加了PP、PS的相容性。