哈拉沟选煤厂煤泥减量化生产工艺改造实践

针对哈拉沟选煤厂由于原煤入洗比例的不断提升而导致煤泥量增加、煤泥回收困难、商品煤煤质变差以及成本升高等问题,选煤厂以煤泥减量化生产为整体思路,采用"弛张筛深度筛分+浅槽分选+旋流器分选"的工艺,降低进入系统的原生煤泥,减少次生煤泥产量,降低煤泥水系统负荷,进一步提升商品煤质量,达到降本增效的目的。     

从干选角度看动力煤水洗煤泥减量化的问题

介绍了小于13 mm末煤水洗存在精煤灰分降低同时水分增加的情况,矸石易泥化时,原煤水洗煤泥水系统负荷大,煤泥水难以沉降;几家选煤厂的应用实践表明,末煤干选不但可以显著提高商品煤的发热量,而且降低选煤厂建设投资和运营成本,干选工艺经济效益和环保效益显著;干选技术的进步也为完善动力煤全粒级分选工艺和提高动力煤入选率开辟了新的技术途径。     

李家壕选煤厂提高产品发热量的措施

为提高李家壕选煤厂产品发热量,分析了原煤性质,说明原煤属低灰~中灰、低硫~中硫、特低磷、中高发热量的不黏煤和长焰煤;原生煤泥中混入较多矸石,且矸石易泥化,分选时应尽可能减少煤和矸石与水的接触时间;次生煤泥灰分极高为74.23%,矸石破碎泥化现象严重,主要集中在-0.045 mm细煤泥中。通过提高选煤厂管理水平,改造过煤溜槽,增设外来煤系统、细煤泥外排系统和矸石直接外排系统等措施对选煤厂进行改造。改造后选煤厂管理水平不断提高,原煤水分大幅降低,平均降低3%左右;外来优质煤的掺混使原煤仓、产品仓和过煤溜槽的黏堵情况得到改善,细煤泥快速回收;块精煤和混末煤产品的发热量明显提高,每年增加利润近3000万元。     

新巨龙公司选煤厂粗煤泥独立分选的可行性研究

新巨龙公司选煤厂针对脱泥两产品重介质旋流器主再选工艺悬浮液中煤泥含量高和粗煤泥分选效果不理想等问题,对粗煤泥分选系统进行了改造,采用TBS干扰床分选机对粗煤泥进行分选,提高了粗煤泥的分选效果和系统处理能力,降低了重介系统的煤泥量,进而降低了选煤厂能耗和介耗。     

永鑫公司安鑫选煤厂技术改造实践

分析了永鑫公司安鑫选煤厂介耗高、系统不能满负荷生产的原因;通过增设粗煤泥独立分选系统和磁选机,并对煤泥水系统进行升级改造,同时加强管理,有效降低了介耗,增加了入洗量。     

太原选煤厂粗煤泥分选工艺的改造及优化

太原选煤厂原采用不脱泥全重介洗选工艺,存在粗精煤灰分高、煤泥水负荷大、介耗高等问题;通过增设脱泥筛及CSS粗煤泥分选机等技术改造,并对粗煤泥回收环节进行优化,弥补了粗煤泥环节没有分选工艺的不足,降低了粗精煤灰分,提高了总精煤产率,降低了系统介耗。     

预先脱泥重介洗选工艺在邢台选煤厂的应用

针对邢台选煤厂存在的分选效果差、处理量低、介耗高、粗煤泥分选精度低等问题,采用增加选前脱泥环节、更换大直径三产品旋流器、利用CSS分选粗煤泥、将精煤磁尾作为脱泥筛后冲水等方法对邢台选煤厂进行了技术改造。选煤厂经脱泥改造后,精煤灰分降低了0.22%,精煤产率提高了4.39%,脱泥重介旋流器处理能力提高了4%左右,中煤带煤、矸石带煤量均有所降低;磁选机入料质量分数由改造前的26.72%降为17.02%,磁性物回收率较改造前提高了0.15%,精煤带介量降低了50%,吨原煤介耗由改造前的2.81 kg降至目前的1.31 kg;经过CSS粗煤泥分选机分选后,精煤产率高达44.17%,提高了9.85%,分选出的粗煤泥灰分基本保持在9%以下,降低了18.18%。最后对选煤厂经济效益进行了分析,邢台选煤厂改造后每年增加经济效益3166.10万元。     

回坡底选煤厂煤泥水分级、分选系统优化改造

针对回坡底选煤厂煤泥分选回收系统工艺不完善、浮选系统处理能力不足、中矸稀介合并处理影响精煤回收率的问题,提出“中矸磁尾分开回收、两段粗煤泥分选、两段浮选”的技术改造方案。改造后粗精煤泥灰分降低1.0%,浮选精煤灰分降低1.5%,浮选尾煤灰分达到75%,实现与矸石合并进行综合利用的要求;尾煤泥灰分提高,使选煤厂综合精煤、中煤的回收率得到提高,不仅合理利用了资源,而且取得了较好的经济效益。     

炼焦煤选煤厂粗煤泥独立分选改造实现低介耗的工艺分析

从工艺流程角度探讨了粗煤泥独立分选改造对传统炼焦煤选煤厂介质单耗的影响,传统重介+浮选分选工艺,粗粒煤泥进重介质旋流器分选往往以牺牲重介质分选精度和增高介耗为代价;粗煤泥独立分选改造,杜绝了预先脱除的煤泥重返重介分选系统,入选下限可提高到1.0 mm,改善了重介质旋流器的分选效果;重介质系统低煤泥运转,介质分流量减少,减少了介质在磁选尾矿中的损失,保证了磁选机入料稳定,入料浓度降低,磁选机回收净化效果达到最佳,实现了低介耗。     

河南天元选煤厂粗煤泥系统技改实践

针对河南天元选煤厂入洗原煤中的细粒级煤泥含量不断增加的现状,分析了现有分选系统存在的问题,并提出了新增粗煤泥FBS分选系统的改造方案。生产实践表明,粗煤泥FBS分选系统技改有效提高了重介系统分选效率,降低了介耗,解决了浮选系统处理能力不足的问题,同时提高了单位时间入洗量,降低了能耗,提升了企业的综合经济效益。     

Molecular components of coal and coal structure

A high-volatile bituminous coal was extracted at room temperature by various organic solvents. The yields of the extracts ranged from 4.5 wt% daf (ethanol/benzene extract) to 38 wt% daf (pyridine/ethylenediamine extract). The extracts were analysed by Fl mass spectrometry; the volatile part (75–80 wt%) was composed of substances of molecular weight in the range 70–800 amu, but the compounds in the 200–600 amu range predominated. Over 300 compounds were identified by high-resolution mass spectrometry. The results indicate that compounds < 800 amu constitute at least 30 wt% daf of the analysed coal.     

Differences between mineral coal and extracted coal

A distinction is proposed between mineral coal and extracted coal. Mineral coal is a complex natural composite that is found in underground beds, while extracted coal is created from mineral coal in working those beds. It is important to keep in mind that mineral coal is created by natural processes, whereas extracted coal is produced by human activity.     

Electrical conductivity of coal and coal char

The electrical conductivity of coal, at either 1 kHz or d.c., was measured at 24 °C on samples recovered from pyrolysis experiments aimed at modelling conditions during in situ gasification of coal. From an initial value of 10⁻³ S/m (when the coal is saturated with formation water), the conductivity decreases to 10⁻⁸ S/m when the coal is heated to 110 °C in vacuum. This low value, presumably due to dehydration of the coal, prevails for samples heated as high as 500 °C in dry argon. Samples of char recovered after pyrolysis to 800 °C or more have a conductivity of 10² S/m. Capitalizing on the large contrast between the conductivities of coal and char produced during gasification, electrical probing may be a sensitive tool for monitoring ‘burn-front’ progress during in situ coal gasification.     

澳大利亚煤代替西曲焦煤的配煤炼焦研究

对澳大利亚煤和国内6种单种煤进行煤质分析和配煤炼焦实验,分析澳大利亚煤代替西曲煤进行炼焦的可行性。结果表明澳大利亚煤具有低灰低硫、高挥发分等特点,在炼焦中用澳大利亚煤替代西曲焦煤可降低焦炭的灰分和硫分,增大焦炭的各向异性指数,改善焦炭强度。     

Industrial coking of coal batch without bituminous coal

For many years, Kuznetsk-coal batch has always included bituminous coal. Depending on the content of such coal, the batch may be characterized as lean, moderately clinkering, or bituminous. This classification was adopted by specialists of the Eastern Coal-Chemistry Institute (ECCI) in experimental coking at Magnitogorsk Metallurgical Works in 1945 [1]. Lean batch contained 10% Osinovsk bituminous coal (plastic-layer thickness y = 13 mm); moderately coking coal contained 25% bituminous coal (y = 16 mm); and bituminous batch contained 40% of such coal (y = 20 mm).     

黏结煤与不黏煤共热解特性研究

为了利用内构件反应器热解技术实现黏结性煤的高值化利用,采用TG-MS和固定床反应器研究了黏结的山西兴县煤(简称XX煤)与不黏的先锋褐煤(简称XF煤)共热解时的破黏和热解特性。TG-MS实验结果表明,XX煤与XF煤配制的混合煤比XX煤黏性小,且XF煤促进了XX煤热解,混合煤热解行为是两种煤共同作用的结果。固定床热解实验表明,煤粒径越小,降黏越显著;XX煤和XF煤的比例(XX:XF)越小,降黏越显著,XX:XF小于5:5时,可消除结焦团块;XX:XF越小,半焦产率越低,焦油和煤气产率越高;随XX:XF减小,焦油中<170℃和230~300℃的馏分含量先升后降,XX:XF=6:4~3:7时最高,170~210℃、210~230℃和300~360℃的馏分逐渐增加,>360℃的馏分含量不断降低;随XX:XF的减小,H2含量先升高后降低,在XX:XF=3:7时最高;CO含量呈略微升高趋势;CO2含量先逐步升高,在XX:XF=6:4达到最高,然后从XX:XF=5:5开始降低,在XX:XF=3:7达到最低,然后又开始升高;CH4及C2~C3组分含量呈下降趋势,而H2+CO+CH4 (煤气中有效组分之和)的含量先下降再升高接着再降低,在XX:XF=6:4时最低,XX:XF=3:7时最高。XX:XF越小,虽半焦的C/N和C/H不断减少,但C元素含量增幅和N, H元素含量减幅增大;比表面积越大,内孔结构越多越大,起燃温度越低,燃烧越彻底。     

煤岩学在炼焦配煤中的应用进展及优化配煤技术

科学合理的配煤技术对于焦化企业高质量发展至关重要,炼焦配煤技术的核心在于对原料煤煤质特性的深入认知。影响炼焦煤性质的主要因素包括变质程度、煤岩组成及第三成因因素,故煤岩学对炼焦配煤技术的研究与应用至关重要。本文论述了经验配煤、煤岩配煤及人工智能配煤3种炼焦配煤技术发展历程和现状,凝练了炼焦配煤技术的发展趋势。结合研究实际,重点梳理了煤岩学指标在炼焦配煤中的应用现状。在注重煤岩特征的同时,也需兼顾工艺指标等相关参数对炼焦煤优劣的表征。在实际应用中,各项指标参数的选择和利用需要综合考虑参数适配范围并尊重该指标与炼焦煤特性的真实对应关系。基于以上内容,提出了关联成煤时代、产地等地质因素和黏结指数、胶质层指数等工艺指标的整体思路,实现焦炭性能与原料煤特性的科学、深入关联,构建“本源-过程-结果”一体的优化配煤技术新体系。     

高硫焦煤在配煤中的应用

通过研究高硫焦煤的理化性质,在配合煤中配入一定比例的廉价高硫焦煤,焦炭质量得到改善,主焦煤的使用比例减少,入炉煤成本大幅降低.     

关于混煤的配煤探讨

针对生产用煤多为复杂混煤的不利情况,在常规分析数据的基础上利用岩相分析手段指导配煤,有效稳定了焦炭质量,明显改善了焦炭的热态性能。     

Coking properties of coal pitch in coal batch

The coking properties of coal pitch depend significantly on its fractional composition, which determines the set of structural components involved in meso-phase formation. The optimal combination of high-molecular aromatic compounds, polycyclic compounds of intermediate molecular mass, and hydrogen-donor hydroaromatic components corresponds to a ratio of pitch fractions α: β: γ = 1: 2: 2. This is typical of coal pitch with a softening temperature of 75–85°C. Such pitch is the best clinkering additive to coking batch, resulting in the production of coke of maximum strength.