Techniques of integrating Datalog with PROLOG

Since extending DATALOG to a general-purpose programming language seems very difficult,many projects have embedded a DATALOG-based query laguage into a procedural host language,such as CORAL,Glue-Nail,etc.Although DATALOG can be consideed as function-free PROLOG,they are very different in many aspects.For instance,DATALOG is declarative while PROLOG isn‘t,DATALOG takes “a-set-at-a-time” mode of evaluation but PROLOG takes “a-tuple-at-a-time”one,DATALOG is only a query language whereas PROLOG is a general-purpose programming language.It is thought that integrating DATALOG with PROLOG may take their advantages.KBASEP is such a language.It uses KBASE as the query language and PROLOG as its procedural host language,where KBASE is a ne extemsion of DATALOG with negation and function.This paper introduces the integration techniques used in KBASE-P system.     

智能程序设计语言VISUAL PROLOG 编程解析

VISUAL PROLOG具有很强的逻辑推理能力,且易于编程,操作界面友好,近年来得到程序设计行业的广泛 关注。本文对VISUAL PROLOG程序设计语言的主要特征进行概述,在此基础上,对基于VISUAL PROLOG语言的程序编 程展开较为深入的探究。     

通用PRIP程序设计语言EPPPI的设计

本文介绍了一种同时具有PASCAI和PROLOG语言特点的通用的模式识别和图象处理(PRIP)程序设计语言EPPPL,相对于PASCAL,EPPPI包含了抽象级更高的数据类型和相应的公共操作.因而该语言具有比PASCAL更强的描述能力,使在科学计算程序设计时有更高的效率.文中论证了在EPPPI中引入PROLOG机制的可行性.由于在EPPPI中包含了PROLOG的机制,使该语言适用于人工智能程序设计,并具有陈述式特点,因而使它的编程效率更进一步提高.     

An operational formal definition of PROLOG: a specification method and its application

We present in this paper a logic programming specification language and its application to the formal specification of PROLOG dialects (Marseille-Edinburgh like dialect or parallel logic programs). In particular it is used in the standardization work of PROLOG. The specification language is based on normal clauses (definite clauses with possibly negative literals in the body) whose semantics is the set of the (generalized) proof-trees. We restrict the specification language to stratified programs and ground proof-trees such that its semantics fits with most of the usual known semantics in logic programming. The specification language is fully declarative in the sense that it is written in a pure logical stule. It is relatively easy to deduce an executable specification from a specification written in such a language. Part of the specification are the associated comments and a methodology has been developed to write these. Without the comments a formal specification cannot be understood; they are partly formal and serve only to help to understand the axioms. They are a natural language form of formal statements relative to the correctness and the completeness of the axioms with regards to some intended meaning. We show in this paper how this specification language can be used to specify dialects of PROLOG. The presented example is just a sample of PROLOG but fully developed here. The specification language has already been used for real dialects as PARLOG and standard PROLOG. This specification method is also interesting because it illustrates the power of logic programming to make specifications. It seems to us that logic programming is generally considered as “impure” executable specification. Our purpose is to show that logic programming may also be used as a perhaps low level but full specification language.     

运用PROLOG语言表示和处理分子结构

本文描述了用第五代计算机程序设计语言－ＰＲＯＬＯＧ表示和处理分子结构的方法，提出了按照环系和功能团对分子结构进行归约的方法，并且设计了由母核与分子片段组合产生分子结构的ＰＲＯＬＯＧ程序。     

SC-PROLOG解释系统中的约束逻辑程序设计方法

约束逻辑程序设计（ＣＬＰ）方法是提高ＰＲＯＬＯＧ语言效率的一种崭新方法，本文针对ＳＣ┐ＰＲＯＬＯＧ解释系统的实现介绍其相应设计思想，从域变量含义入手，提出了域及约束的存储方法以及约束机制的实现算法，是对逻辑设计方法研究的一点体会     

基于Turbo PROLOG的面向对象方法

面向对象 (OO)技术是当前计算机界讨论的热点。另一方面 ,知识信息处理正在成为计算机应用的主要领域 ,发展中的基于知识的软件工程也将成为一种关键的软件技术。本文提出一种基于 Turbo PROLOG的 OO程序设计方法学。我们 :(1 )简明地讨论了 OO方法的基本概念和基本要素 ;(2 )给出了在 Turbo PROLOG中实现 OO各要素的规则和方法 ;(3)分析了 OO基本特征在该方法中的体现及存在问题。     

Teaching PROLOG programming in the secondary school

Abstract A PROLOG programming course was trialed on a class of twelve 16–17 year-old pupils who had varied previous experience of computing. The pupils were studying a variety of other subjects but would normally be considered to be of a high level of ability. The course was taught over a period of 15 weeks and lasted approximately 60 hours. Concepts covered included recursion and list processing. Most pupils were able to become reasonably competent over this period and one or two excelled. Previous experience of programming appeared to be an advantage if it had involved formal instruction in structured programming but indications were that self-taught BASIC proved to be an obstacle. It was concluded that further investigation of PROLOG as a school programming language would be worthwhile.     

An investigation into the use of CAL and the dialogue strategy in a tutorial context

This article describes the use of CAL and the dialogue strategy as a basis for tutorial work. The sample (11 = 164) consists of staff, teachers and students in a College of Education. It is an attitudinal study and serves to emphasize the importance in certain subject areas of an open-ended approach based on an analysis of the knowledge structure inherent in the discipline itself. It emphasizes the need for models using different levels of teaching, as well as different approaches according to individual learning needs. Such models should be pursued regardless of the constraints imposed by the limitations of computer languages currently available. Reference is made to logic programming (PROLOG) and its relevance for this area of work, as well as the authoring language PLOT for tutorial programs.     

DISLOG: programming in logic with discontinuities

In this paper, we present an extension to PROLOG we call DISLOG which is designed to deal with relations between non-contiguous elements in a structure. This extension turns out to be well suited for syntactic analysis of natural and artificial languages. It is also well adapted to express traversal constraints in applications such as planning and expert systems and deductive systems involving, for example, temporal reasoning, DISLOG belongs to the constrained logic programming paradigm and turns out to be more declarative, transparent, and simple than PROLOG to deal with longdistance relations.     

概念知识表示和推理

Nilsson教授首先提出了代数格应用于概念知识表示的思想．其优点在于知识表示的代数特性和图示特性，在此基础上．表文把代数格与PROLOG相结合．定义了一种基于概念的逻辑编程语言．其语言具有比PROLOG更抽象、更方便的编程风格．此外．给出了该逻辑编程语言的匹配算法．     

Temporal logic CTL + PROLOG

The programming language TPL that is presented in this paper is a complete combination of PROLOG with a temporal language (the CTL language or other temporal languages expressed in atomata). It can be used to serve or reason along paths in a directed graph (a Kripke structure) which consists of many rule databases. At the end of the paper, a compiler (an algorithm) for reasoning language TPL has been supplied.     

Content and representation effects with reasoning tasks in PROLOG form

Two experiments were carried out to examine human reasoning performance in the context of the logic programming language PROLOG. Two factors, 'content' (familiar versus unfamiliar) and 'representation' (diagrammatic versus PROLOG-like list) were investigated. Subjects answered questions about hierarchical relationships in each condition. A significant interaction was obtained in both experiments, subjects making fewer errors in the familiar-diagram and unfamiliar-list conditions than in the familiar-list and unfamiliar-diagram conditions.

It is hypothesized that a lower percentage of correct responses was given in familiar-list and unfamiliar-diagram conditions because the representation of information prevented successful use of an appropriate reasoning strategy. Working memory limitations provide a basis for understanding constraints on reasoning strategies for solving task questions. These strategies may involve either a serial or a spatial solution process. One strategy may require a larger working memory load than another, depending on the representation and content of the task information. Implications for PROLOG programming instruction are discussed.     

A blackboard system for the off-line programming of Robots

This paper describes the use of the blackboard architecture for the off-line programming of an IMB 7565 Robot. A blackboard system was implemented in PROLOG and it has been applied successfully for the automatic generation of a control code for the robot to perform the task of block assembly in an environment with an obstacle. The opportunistic type of problem-solving offered by the blackboard architecture has succeeded in obtaining a solution. The user-interface to the system is represented as a knowledge source in the blackboard system, which allows the user to modify the goal specifications during the operation of the blackboard system.     

Methodology for security analysis of data-processing systems

Use of the logic programming language PROLOG assists in tracking functional relationships through complex networks to ensure that all products receive a security classification consistent with the operative security model. The language also permits computing work factors for data products. In some cases, these work factors may modify the levels of protection required.     

论面向对象与逻辑系统的结合

本文着重讨论了面向对象的基本思想和逻辑程序设计思想的关系,比较了各自的优缺点和相互补充的可能,从新的角度论述了将面向对象程序设计与逻辑程序设计相结合的一种可行途径,最后,提出了一系列具体的实现方法。