Massive MIMO下行系统小区能效算法

在大规模多输入多输出(massive MIMO)下行链路系统下,不牺牲用户端QoS,进行优化能源效率,对信号发射动态功率进行了推导,这个问题被证明有一个隐藏凸优化,利用凸优化提出优化算法,动态的集中能量给用户分配同时减少了损耗.在相同条件和假设下,与传统的迫零预编码(ZF)和最大比传输(MRT)预编码方案进行性能分析并比较.仿真结果与理论结果一致,并表明在相同条件下优化算法比ZF的性能好,ZF比MRT性能更好.     

分布式MIMO CR系统预编码与功率分配的联合优化

分布式MIMO CR系统中,构建多用户功率分配的非合作博弈模型,使认知用户速率达到均衡状态。受授权用户和多用户干扰的影响,认知用户速率很难达到理想值。为了解决上述问题,在发射端设置了适用于不同约束条件的预编码矩阵,提出了预编码与功率分配的联合优化算法。仿真结果表明,基于块对角化的联合优化算法,有效消除用户之间的信道干扰,显著提高了认知用户速率。     

有限反馈协作多小区传输系统的码字选择方案

为了提高协作通信的增益通常使用有限反馈技术来有效的传输信道状态信息。从移动台码本中选择码字对信道方向信息（CDI）量化,量化后的信道方向信息对于进行预编码或波束赋形是必要的信息。首先使用信道矩阵来构建信道方向矢量（CDI）,然后采用多种码字选择方案对CDI进行量化。联合码字选择方案存在相位模糊,为此提出了一种带有相位模糊反馈的联合码字选择方案。仿真说明,带有相位模糊反馈的联合码字选择能很大改善CoMP系统性能。     

AF下基于DSTC多用户公平性功率分配*

研究了DSTC的无线中继网络中基于多用户公平性的功率分配策略。由于每个用户具有不同的信道状态,传统的功率分配方案不能满足各用户的QoS需求。为了满足用户之间的公平性,首先建立无线中继AF模式下的网络模型,然后结合LD空时码,运用最优机会中继策略,得到用户最大即时接收SNR,并在基站与中继分配功率受限条件下建立最大最差用户信道容量的功率分配方案。因为该问题是非线性、非凸优化问题,所以把优化问题转换为GP问题进行求解。仿真结果表明,所提功率分配方案与等功率分配、功率与信道状态成正比方案相比,不但改善了最差用户     

基于结构半随机LDPC码的协同编码通信

提出了结构半随机LDPC码的编码协同方案,并对该方案在不同的源到中继信道特性下的误比特性能进行了仿真评价,结果显示该协同方案在不增加传送和接收功率的情况下,能够提供更好的性能。     

基于不完全信道状态信息的预编码算法

针对下行多用户多输入多输出中继系统,提出一种考虑信道估计误差和天线相关的线性预编码算法。在发射端和中继端功率约束条件下,根据最小均方误差准则设计代价函数,通过理论推导求得中继端和发射端的预编码矩阵。接收端的各个用户之间相互独立时,接收端的处理矩阵为对角矩阵,通过直接求导法得到接收端预处理矩阵的闭式解,并设计迭代法联合优化预编码矩阵和接收端的处理矩阵。数值仿真结果表明,与未综合考虑各端口的预编码算法相比,该算法能降低系统的误码率。     

基于二级码本的迫零波束成型自适应预编码方案

为了克服基于有限反馈的多用户多输入多输出(MIMO)系统中迫零波束成型(ZFBF)预编码方案反馈量小时性能较差的缺陷,提出一种基于二级码本的ZFBF自适应预编码方案。该方案的码本设计结合了酉矩阵和随机矢量码本,首先在一级码本中搜索最佳的波束成形矢量; 然后在扰动范围内计算最佳波束成形矢量对应的信干噪比(SINR),将其与系统设定的SINR门限值进行比较来决定用户的反馈信息; 最后基站根据用户的反馈信息自适应地改变码本,对用户进行ZFBF预编码。从而简化了用户端的码本搜索过程,并且在用户数较多的情况下用较少的反馈比特数达到较好的性能。仿真结果表明,该方案能够显著降低每用户的平均反馈比特数,以较低的反馈速率获得较好的和容量性能。     

基于黎曼拟牛顿的毫米波MIMO混合预编码算法

针对毫米波MIMO系统混合预编码算法的非凸单位模约束、矩阵耦合问题，文章提出了一种基于黎曼拟牛顿的交替最小化混合预编码（RLBFGS-AltMin）算法。该算法首先引入交替最小化框架（AltMin），有效解决了混合预编码矩阵联合优化困难的问题；其次，利用黎曼流形将模拟预编码部分中的非凸单位模约束转化为搜索空间无约束优化求解；最后，通过改进的梯度计算方式和黎曼梯度下降理论求解出最优数字预编码和模拟预编码矩阵。仿真实验结果表明，所提算法可以获得更接近全数字预编码的频谱效率。     

MIMO-MAC中一种新的空时码传输方案

已有的研究表明,预编码可以消除4用户的多输入多输出多址接入信道（MIMO-MAC）中的多用户干扰,然而,该方法需要大量的反馈信息。针对该问题,提出了该场景中一种无反馈的干扰消除方法。每个用户采用完美空时分组编码,通过合理地设计每个编码的发送方式,使得接收端对接收信号进行线性处理后消除了多用户干扰。与已有方案相比,所提方案在不改变传输效率、每个符号平均发送功率以及分集增益的同时,极大地降低了反馈量。仿真结果验证了所提方案的有效性。     

基于能量收集的环境反向散射通信联合优化算法设计

针对环境反向散射通信系统,设计两跳无线信息和能量传输方案并基于能效最大化准则给出联合优化算法。源端配置多天线并采用最大比发送(Max Ratio Transmission,MRT)预编码方法,中继节点使用功率分流法以完成信息发送与能量收集。基于系统传输模型,对源端天线数和发送功率采用联合优化算法以得到系统最大能效。借助高信噪比近似法进行非凸向凸的转化以解决优化目标中非凸问题。此外,利用Lambert W函数得到源端天线数和发送功率联合优化的最优解。仿真结果验证了所提方案的有效性和正确性。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

Enhancing a leaf radiative transfer model to estimate concentrations and in vivo specific absorption coefficients of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b from single-needle reflectance and transmittance

The relative concentrations of different pigments within a leaf have significant physiological and spectral consequences. Photosynthesis, light use efficiency, mass and energy exchange, and stress response are dependent on relationships among an ensemble of pigments. This ensemble also determines the visible characteristics of a leaf, which can be measured remotely and used to quantify leaf biochemistry and structure. But current remote sensing approaches are limited in their ability to resolve individual pigments. This paper focuses on the incorporation of three pigments—chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total carotenoids—into the LIBERTY leaf radiative transfer model to better understand relationships between leaf biochemical, biophysical, and spectral properties.Pinus ponderosa and Pinus jeffreyi needles were collected from three sites in the California Sierra Nevada. Hemispheric single-leaf visible reflectance and transmittance and concentrations of chlorophylls a and b and total carotenoids of fresh needles were measured. These data were input to the enhanced LIBERTY model to estimate optical and biochemical properties of pine needles. The enhanced model successfully estimated reflectance (RMSE = 0.0255, BIAS = 0.00477, RMS%E = 16.7%), had variable success estimating transmittance (RMSE = 0.0442, BIAS = 0.0294, RMS%E = 181%), and generated very good estimates of carotenoid concentrations (RMSE = 2.48 µg/cm², BIAS = 0.143 µg/cm², RMS%E = 20.4%), good estimates of chlorophyll a concentrations (RMSE = 10.7 µg/cm², BIAS = − 0.992 µg/cm², RMS%E = 21.1%), and fair estimates of chlorophyll b concentrations (RMSE = 7.49 µg/cm², BIAS = − 2.12 µg/cm², RMS%E = 43.7%). Overall root mean squared errors of reflectance, transmittance, and pigment concentration estimates were lower for the three-pigment model than for the single-pigment model. The algorithm to estimate three in vivo specific absorption coefficients is robust, although estimated values are distorted by inconsistencies in model biophysics. The capacity to invert the model from single-leaf reflectance and transmittance was added to the model so it could be coupled with vegetation canopy models to estimate canopy biochemistry from remotely sensed data.     

Mr. Twinn’s bombes

This article discusses the history and design of the special versions of the bombe key-finding machines used by Britain’s Government Code & Cypher School (GC&CS) during World War II to attack the Enigma traffic of the Abwehr (the German military intelligence service). These special bombes were based on the design of their more numerous counterparts used against the traffic of the German armed services, but differed from them in important ways that highlight the adaptability of the British bombe design, and the power and flexibility of the diagonal board. Also discussed are the changes in the Abwehr indicating system that drove the development of these machines, the ingenious ways in which they were used, and some related developments involving the bombes used by the U.S. Navy’s cryptanalytic unit (OP-20-G).