Cu含量对Mullite／Al—Cu复合材料时效硬化行为的影响

用挤压铸造方法制备了Mullite/Al-Cu复合材料,用硬度测试仪、差示扫描量热仪（DSC）和透射电镜（TEM）等设备研究了铝基复合材料及其基体合金中Cu含量变化对时效硬化行为的影响,同时还研究了增强纤维对时效相的板出序列、析出相和位错结构的影响。结果表明,无论是在复合材料中还是在基体合金中,随着Al-Cui合金中Cu含量的增加,时效硬化过程均有不同程度的加速;Mullite纤维的引入提高了Al-Cu合金的时效硬度,明显加速了Al-Cu合金的时效硬化过程,对GP区的形成有抑制作用,但不影响基体沉淀相的析出顺序。     

2197铝锂合金形变热处理中T1相的析出行为

对2197铝锂合金进行形变热处理,采用HREM高分辨电镜观察合金欠时效和峰时效两个阶段的显微组织,研究T1相析出长大行为及其界面特征。结果表明:形变热处理2197合金在欠时效阶段主要存在δ′、θ′和T1相,T1相尺寸约为40 nm;峰时效阶段合金中δ′和θ′数量减少,主要析出相为T1相,其尺寸为50~150 nm,T1相可通过δ′相的溶解而长大。在欠时效和峰时效两阶段,T1相末端与基体共格,其他区域与基体非共格。T1相为六方晶系,与基体存在惯析关系:(0001)T1//(111)A1、[1010]T1//[110]A1,惯析面为{111}A1。     

Cu对Al-Li合金组织结构与性能的影响SCIEI

本文研究了3种Cu/Li比的Al-Li-Cu-Zr合金的时效析出组织及其性能。结果表明,实验合金时效由两级硬化过程所组成,其中第一级硬化是δ′相(3号合金为δ′+T_1相)强化而引起;第二级硬化是由于δ′+T_1(3号合金为δ′+T_1+θ′)的复合强化作用。当T_1相板条与δ′相颗粒相遇时,δ′相逐渐被T_1相吞并。Cu/Li比增加,合金的强(硬)度上升,但塑性下降,拉伸断口由穿晶变为沿晶形式,这与高Cu/Li比合金中晶界析出平衡相有关。     

预变形对2099合金组织性能的影响

通过显微硬度测试、力学性能测试和透射电镜观察等手段,研究了不同预变形程度对2099合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着预变形程度增大,合金时效进程显著加快,合金峰时效态的强度显著提高;析出相更为细小弥散地分布于基体中,较为粗大的晶界析出相趋于不连续化、点链化;时效强化相经历了由T_1相、δ′相和θ′相三相共存到以T_1相为主要强化相的变化过程,表明预变形对时效过程中析出相的大小、类型、分布有重要影响,在促进T_1相析出的同时,也消耗了δ′相和θ′相。     

高纯Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金的时效析出行为

利用拉伸力学性能测试和透射电镜等研究了高纯Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金在长时间时效过程中的时效析出行为。结果表明：实验用高纯Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金板材具有较好的热稳定性和塑性,经185℃时效50h后合金的强度较峰值状态仅下降6%～7%,同时伸长率δ10保持在8%以上;Ω相是高纯Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金的主要强化相,当合金处于峰值状态时,Ω相与基体之间会产生较大的错配应变,并在Ω相的细小片层处产生位错,为随后二次析出相θ′的析出提供有利的形核位置;延长时效时间将促进尺寸较大的Ω相和大部分θ′相（包括先析出相和二次析出相）向平衡相θ转变,但Ω→θ的转变远比θ′→θ的转变缓慢。     

Al—Li—Zr合金的分级时效

用透射电镜研究了Al—2.31Wt％Li—0.34Wt％Zr合金的分级时效过程。通过控制Li含量、固溶温度和时效温度,探寻β′(Al_3Zr)和强化相δ′(Al_3Li)最佳弥散分布条件。Li的添加,在673K一级时效的初期,能促进β′相的析出并抑制过时效进程;在473K二级时效后,由于δ′(Al_3Li)相与β′(Al_3Zr)相形成复合析出组织,屈服应力达到280兆帕。分级日于效是提高Al—Li—Zr合金强度和韧性的新途径。     

2A97铝锂合金双级时效研究

通过TEM分析和常规力学性能测试,研究双级时效工艺对2A97铝锂合金组织和性能的影响,以优化合金强度和塑性匹配。结果表明:随预时效温度升高,双级时效基体由形成θ′/θ″相和δ′相为主的组织转变为形成T1相、θ″/θ′和δ′相为主的组织。135℃预时效、双级时效基体形成大量细小的θ′/θ″相和δ′相,T1数量少。晶界和亚晶界T1数量多,尺寸小,晶界和亚晶界θ′/θ″无析出带宽度窄。155℃预时效、双级时效可在基体形成以T1相为主的组织,且数量多,尺寸大,均匀分布,T1相、θ″/θ′和δ′相的联合强化作用使合金具有高的强度。     

Mg和Zn对2099合金时效组织与拉伸性能的影响

通过常规力学性能测试和透射电镜微观组织观察,研究2099合金在不同热处理状态(T6和T8)下的微观组织和拉伸性能,以及2099合金中所含少量Mg和Zn对合金组织与性能的影响。结果表明:2099合金在T6峰时效条件下,主要强化相是δ′相、θ′相和T1相;在T8峰时效下,主要强化相是δ′相、T1相和少量θ′相,预拉伸变形促进T1相的析出,提高合金的时效强化效果;Mg的添加促进GP区和θ′相的析出,Zn的添加有利于T1相生成和弥散分布;而Mg和Zn同时添加显著地促进T1相析出,并抑制δ′相的粗化。     

时效对8090铝合金组织和力学性能的影响

通过测定时效硬化曲线和室温拉伸性能，研究了时效的温度和时间对８０９０铝合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明，合金性能的变化主要归因于δ相颗粒尺寸的变化和Ｓ′相的析出。δ′相与δ′相共同析出可改善合金的强度和塑性，其最佳时效条件为１９０℃／２５ｈ。     

α—Cr在Incone1718合金中析出行为的微观分析

使用扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）、X射线衍射（XRD），研究了DA718和标准热处理718合金经过593℃～677℃时效500h-2000h后α－Cr相的析出规律及其对合金性能的影响。结果表明，α－Cr经常与δ相在晶界共同析出，随着时效温度的提高和时效时间的延长，α－Cr析出数量增加。应力能够促进α－Cr的析出。α－Cr的析出是造成合金高温时效后冲击值降低的原因。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。