Microwave Demulsification in Removing Naphthenic Acids from Diesel Oil

Abstract

Emulsification is an undesired phenomenon in the refining of highly acidic oil by alkali-washing electro-refining. In this article, a novel microwave method is applied for demulsification in the removing of naphthenic acid from diesel oil. The internal heating is attributed to molecular rotation and ionic conduction. The decrease of interface zeta-potential and the viscosity of diesel oil are responsible for the demulsification with microwave irradiation. The results exhibited that the demulsification rate is maximized when the optimum microwave irradiation power, exposure time, and irradiation pressure for Anshan and Liaohe diesel oil are deemed to be 375 W, 5/6 min and 0.05 MPa, respectively.     

Use of Application Microwave Technology for Demulsification of Diesel Oil During Refining

Emulsification is an unwanted phenomenon in the refining of highly acidic oil by alkali washing electrorefining. In this work, a novel microwave demulsification method is applied in the removing of naphthenic acid. The internal heating is attributed to molecular rotation and ionic conduction. The decrease of Zeta-potential of interface and the viscosity of diesel oil are responsible for the acceleration of separation of naphthenic acid and demulsification with microwave irradiation. The results show that both the separation efficiency and the demulsification rate are maximum when the optimum microwave irradiation power, exposure time, and irradiation pressure are deemed to be 375 W, 5 min, and 0.05 MPa, respectively.     

Application of Microwave Technology for Desulfurization of Diesel Fuel

The microwave technology was introduced for the desulfurization of diesel fuel. The atmospheric second side-cut diesel fraction, which was supplied by Liaohe Petrochemical Company, was desulfurized by an oxidation process under microwave irradiation. Hydrogen peroxide (H202), can oxidize the sulfur compounds in diesel fuel selectively and convert them into sulfones. Based on the rule of dissolution by similar substances,these sulfones are removed from diesel fuel because they could be dissolved in solvent phase. So the sulfur content of diesel fuel is decreased. The influence of the concentration of oxidizing reagent, solvent phase to oil phase volume ratio (S/O), irradiation pressure, irradiation time, and the irradiation power have been investigated.The optimum conditions for the refining process was determined. The sulfur removal rate was 59.7% under the optimum conditions of 8%H2O2, S/O=0.25, 0.05MPa, 6 min, and 375W, respectively. When no microwave irradiation was applied, the removal rate was 11.5% only.     

原油微波破乳技术研究进展

微波作为一种清洁、高效的能源越来越得到人们的重视.微波对物质的内加热特性以及所产生的高频变化的电磁场,使其在破乳方面显示出了独特的优势.文中阐述了微波破乳的机理,原油微波破乳技术的发展及应用现状.     

Study on Separating Naphthenic Acids from Diesel Fuel by Microwave Irradiation

The microwave technology was introduced to separate naphthenic acids from diesel fuel. The decrease of zeta-potential of electric double layer on the W/O interface and the reduction of diesel fuel viscosity were responsible for the accelerated separation of naphthenic acids under microwave irradiation. The influences of dosage of alkali compound solvent (Mp / MT), irradiation pressure, irradiation time, irradiation power, the settling time and oil phase-to-solvent phase volume ratio (O/S) had been investigated. The optimum process conditions for the refining process were determined. The removal of naphthenic acids reached 98.4% when the optimum conditions were proposed as follows: Mp/MT=1 .5,0.05MPa, 6 min, 375W, 25min and O/S=10, respectively. The diesel recovery could reach 99.3% and the quality of the treated diesel oil was good enough to meet the specification of GB252-2000.     

Removing Naphthenic Acids from Diesel Oil by Microwave Irradiation

Microwave technology is introduced for removal of naphthenic acid from diesel oil. The decrease of Zeta-potential of interface and the viscosity of diesel oil are responsible for the acceleration of separation of naphthenic acid with microwave irradiation. It was observed that the separation percentage changed with the dosage of alkali compound solvent, irradiation pressure, irradiation time, irradiation power, settling time, and oil phase-to-solvent phase volume ratio (O/S). The removal rate of naphthenic acid was maximum when the optimum conditions were suggested to be M_p/M_T = 1.5, 0.05 MPa, 6 min, 375 W, 25 min, and O/S = 10, respectively.     

改性超支化聚乙烯亚胺破乳剂的合成及其应用

以棕榈酰氯和超支化聚乙烯亚胺(HPEI)进行酰胺化反应,得到一系列改性超支化聚乙烯亚胺(HPEI-C16)破乳剂,考察了其添加量、破乳温度及沉降时间对柴油等油品破乳性能的影响,并探究破乳过程中油滴的破裂速率常数和平均粒径变化,分析其破乳机理.结果表明,HPEI-C16-2破乳剂在质量浓度为80 mg/L、沉降时间为30...     

超声波强化重质原油破乳脱水脱钙

 摘要：以含钙量高达180 μg/g的新疆重质原油为研究对象，在实验室条件下，采用超声波破乳技术进行重质原油脱水脱钙研究。在确定破乳剂K和脱钙剂R、注水量12%(体积分数)、脱钙剂/钙摩尔比1.5︰1的条件下，考察了超声波强化破乳脱水脱钙的影响因素。结果表明，油-剂混合时的搅拌速率、超声波发生器输出电压、超声波辐照时间和超声波辐照后的沉降时间都有其最佳值。实验样品经7000 r/min搅拌速率混合均匀，经60 V超声波辐照5min，再在80℃沉降24 h后，原油含水量降低至0.64%(体积分数)，脱钙率达到37.8%，说明超声波有较好的破乳脱水和脱钙作用。     

破乳-酸化法处理直馏柴油精制废碱液

采用破乳 -酸化法对直馏柴油精制废碱液进行处理 ,筛选出最佳的破乳条件和酸化终点。实验结果表明 ,采用破乳剂或热力破乳 -酸化法预处理直馏柴油精制废碱液是一种有效的预处理方法。经该方法处理后的废碱液化学需氧量 (COD)下降率可达 93 4 %,除油率为 87%,副产物硫酸钠能得到最大限度地回收利用。同时 ,该方法设备简单 ,处理费用低廉 ,易于实现工业化。     

微波-磁性纳米Ni粉对稠油破乳效果的pH值响应性

通过瓶试法研究了不同pH值下有/无微波辐射时磁性纳米Ni粉对稠油水包油(O/W)型乳状液破乳效果的影响规律,在此基础上,结合油滴形貌和分布以及乳状液表观黏度揭示了微波-磁性纳米Ni粉破乳效果的pH值响应行为机理。结果表明：当pH值相同时,单纯磁性纳米Ni粉和微波-磁性纳米Ni粉作用下的乳状液的分水率都随着磁性纳米粒子浓度的增加先上升后下降;与此同时,磁性纳米Ni粉与微波具有协同破乳的作用,且随着pH值增大,微波与磁性纳米Ni粉的耦合作用先减弱后增强,在pH值为3时两者的耦合作用最强,该条件下乳状液的分水率在30 min时达到102.63%。     

微波辐射柴油脱酸精制

介绍了一种新的柴油脱酸精制方法——微波辐射法。考察了精制过程中的最佳实验条件。在V(Diesel)=0．25、反应体系压力0．05MPa、恒压辐射时间5mm、微波辐射功率375W、静置时间25min的条件下，可将柴油的酸度由90．7mgKOH／100m1降至3．99mgKOH／100ml，达到国家标准GB252-93的优质柴油质量要求(酸度小于5mgKOH／100m1)。该精制过程对柴油性能无影响，回收率达到99．7％；同时副产环烷酸，其粗酸值为182．5mgKOH/g。中性油含量为34．2％。该精制过程省时、耗电量小，预期对环境友好。     

Removing Naphthenic Acids from Diesel Oil by Microwave Irradiation

Abstract

Microwave technology is introduced for removal of naphthenic acid from diesel oil. The decrease of Zeta-potential of interface and the viscosity of diesel oil are responsible for the acceleration of separation of naphthenic acid with microwave irradiation. It was observed that the separation percentage changed with the dosage of alkali compound solvent, irradiation pressure, irradiation time, irradiation power, settling time, and oil phase-to-solvent phase volume ratio (O/S). The removal rate of naphthenic acid was maximum when the optimum conditions were suggested to be M _p /M _T = 1.5, 0.05 MPa, 6 min, 375 W, 25 min, and O/S = 10, respectively.     

微波技术在石油加工中的应用研究进展

综述了微波技术在石油加工中的应用进展,介绍了利用微波进行原油破乳、脱酸、脱硫、脱氮等的研究情况。对微波技术的发展前景进行了展望并提出建议。     

原油脱盐脱水技术综述

介绍了国内外在原油乳状液稳定性方面的理论研究现状,以及国内外多种原油脱盐脱水技术,包括施加电场、超声波辐射、微波辐射、液一液旋流分离、膜分离、冷冻解冻等各项技术的原理、特点、研究进展及应用状况。指出动态旋流分离技术和微波法破乳在未来具有较好的工业应用前景,而新型破乳剂的开发和电脱盐设备的不断改进是目前原油脱盐脱水技术发展的主导方向。     

盐-高分子联合作用下高蜡原油微波破乳研究

在考察了盐添加量与原油乳状液升温速率、脱水率、盐回收率关系的基础上,提出了盐-高分子联合作用对原油进行微波辐射破乳的方法。结果表明,利用SH9402微波反应系统,使含水质量分数为50％的大庆石蜡基高蜡原油乳状液在辐射功率为225W、系统压力为0．7MPa、恒压时间为12min、剂油质量比为0．05、乙酸钠／聚乙二醇2000质量比为3：7时,脱水率达95．97％,盐回收率达91．23％;与单一使用乙酸钠相比,脱水率提高了0．14个百分点,盐的用量降低了70％（质量分数）,盐回收率提高了29．29％。     

三次采油中水包油乳状液的超声波破乳

对超声波破乳、粒子运动和碰撞的机理进行了分析,利用可视化技术对超声波作用下拉子运动的位移效应进行了验证。给出了悬浊液中粒子的碰撞水动力学模型和合并条件。针对胜利油田孤岛采油厂三次采油中采出的水包油型乳化原油进行了超声波破乳脱水实验研究,证明了超声波破乳分离水包油乳状液的可行性。温度为55℃时,在最优实验条件下超声波与破乳剂联合处理30min,沉降4h,可以脱去乳化原油中96.5%的水,而在同样条件下不用超声波处理的原油脱水率仅有73%。     

半干化含聚油泥的微波热处理过程研究

采用微波加热技术对半干化含聚油泥的热处理过程进行了研究。实验结果表明：在微波作用下,半干化含聚油泥的热处理过程分为五个阶段：快速升温区段、微波干化区段、烃类物质微波蒸发区段、微波热解区段和微波焚烧区段。其中,半干化含聚油泥的热解温度一般为370℃～450℃。含聚油泥质量的增加,对半干化含聚油泥的微波热处理过程特征没有影响;随着含水率的减少,半干化含聚油泥的微波干化过程将消失;而微波功率的增加,含聚油泥的微波热处理过程加快。在半干化含聚油泥微波热处理过程中,所冷凝回收的液相油品主要成分为汽油、柴油和重油,并且汽油、柴油的总含量达到70%,回收油的品质较好。含聚油泥微波800℃焚烧残渣的重金属离子溶出量大大低于国家标准值,作为微波吸收剂,加入到含聚油泥中可使微波热处理过程显著加快,说明残渣炭作为微波吸收剂是微波技术处理半干化含聚油泥的有效节能方法,值得进一步研究。     

高蜡原油微波破乳乙酸钠-聚乙二醇添加剂的研究

采用乙酸钠和聚乙二醇2000复配添加剂对大庆高蜡原油破乳效果进行了研究。结果表明,利用SH9402微波反应系统,含水率为50%的大庆石蜡基高蜡原油乳状液在辐射功率为225 W、系统压力为0.7 MPa、恒压时间为7 min、剂油质量比为0.05、乙酸钠和聚乙二醇2000质量比为3：7时,脱水率达到96.39%,盐回收率达93.98%。与单一使用乙酸钠相比,不仅破乳效率高,而且乙酸钠用量降低,乙酸钠回收率提高,解决了乙酸钠残留的问题。     

Effect of various sono-oxidation parameters on the desulfurization of diesel oil

The influences of ultrasonic intensity, H₂O₂ concentration, ratio of H₂O₂ to oil and the addition of Fenton reagent on the oxidative desulfurization of diesel oil under ultrasonic irradiation were investigated. It was observed that the oxidative desulfurization of diesel oil fitted pseudo-first-order kinetics under our experimental conditions. Increasing the ultrasonic intensity increased the oxidative desulfurization efficiency of diesel oil. The addition of H₂O₂ enhanced the ultrasonic oxidative desulfurization efficiency of diesel oil. The sono-oxidation treatment in combination with Fenton reagent showed a synergistic effect for diesel oil desulfurization. The catalytic oxidative desulfurization process under ultrasonic irradiation process on diesel oils is an efficient and promising method.     

无机盐作用下微波辐射高粘度原油的油水分离

Removal of water contained in extra-viscous crude oil is quite difficult because of the high viscosity and high resins content of heavy oil.The microwave technology was introduced for the separation of water from high-viscosity crude oil in the presence of sodium acetate.The decrease in zeta-potential of interface and the viscosity of crude oil are responsible for the accelerated separation of water under microwave irradiation.The influences of the concentration of sodium acetate in sample,irradiation pressure,irradiation time and irradiation power on the separation efficiency were investigated.The optimum technological condition for the refining process was determined.Upon treating the sample 1 (with a water concentration of 50%),the water removal rate was 98.44%,when the optimum conditions were identified to be a sodium acetate concentration of 2%,an irradiation pressure of 0.1 MPa,an irradiation time of 2 min,and an irradiation power of 225 W,with the recovery of sodium acetate reaching 97.88%.Upon treating the sample 2 (the concentration of water was 20%),the water removal rate was 93.85%,when the optimum conditions were determined to be a sodium acetate concentration of 3%,an irradiation pressure of 0.1 MPa,an irradiation time of 4 min,and an irradiation power of 375 W,with the recovery of sodium acetate reaching 93.54%.By using this method,the dehydration efficiency was increased rapidly.