水平管内气液两相流型及换热的研究进展

通过系统介绍水平管内凝结的气液两相流型,以及不同坐标形式的流型图,得出水平管内环状流、波状流和雾状流之间转换的判据。另外,列举了水平光滑管和内螺纹管内凝结换热的经验型关联式,为计算管内凝结换热提供依据。并提出了下一步研究工作的建议。     

传统图案元素在视觉传达设计中的应用

目的 探索传统图案元素在视觉传达设计中的应用策略.方法 传统图案历经了几千年的传承与发展,其中的精髓是值得肯定的.以此为源头,分析其中的类别与内涵,并尝试将这些经典元素引入当前的视觉传达设计领域.总结了其给予视觉传达设计的文化、社会和经济等方面的重要价值与意义,然后结合传统吉祥元素、传统绘画元素和传统剪纸元素等代表性图案精髓,对各自在视觉传达设计领域的具体应用方式方法进行论述,思考这些传统图案元素在装饰、移植和创新等方面所赋予的视觉传达的方向与路径指引.结论 传统图案是我国自古流传下来的代表性艺术形式之一,有着很强的应用价值与效用,其与视觉传达设计的结合是自身传承方式的创新,是视觉传达设计的尝试,也是社会效益和经济效益的有效实现载体,能够促进视觉传达设计的优化发展,发扬传统文化,促进媒介信息传播途径的拓展.     

民间剪纸元素在家具设计中的应用

目的 探究民间剪纸元素在家具设计中的应用价值与应用方法,为家具设计提供更多的思路。 方法 采用文献资料法和案例法,对民间剪纸元素在家具设计中的应用展开分析,得出更为直观、可行的应用方法。结论 在家具设计中应用民间剪纸元素,应该把握直接运用、间接运用和变形运用的方法,恰当使用图案纹样,合理运用剪纸色彩,用文化内涵表达情感。     

基于心流理论的家庭智能健身心流体验要素分析

目的 基于心流理论,提炼家庭智能健身场景下的心流体验要素及其需求层级表。方法 首先通过定性定量研究,分析家庭健身场景及用户行为,提炼家庭智能健身心流体验要素,同时提出假设;然后将其要素分点转译为心流体验量表语句,采用5级李克特量表形式对所有健身用户进行问卷调研;最后对问卷回收数据进行信效度检验、相关性分析与回归分析。结果:提炼了家庭智能健身心流体验要素,在前人总结的9个心流体验要素基础上,新增“造型符合审美”“时空自由”“持续的监督与鼓励”“情境属性”4个要素;构建心流体验结果要素回归方程,描述了家庭智能健身场景中心流体验前兆要素、过程要素,以及其他潜在因子与心流体验结果要素之间的相关关系,否定了男女健身心流体验的差异,验证了其他假设的合理性。最后基于用户体验视角提出了心流体验要素需求层级表。结论 家庭智能健身心流体验要素兼具合理性与普适性,心流体验要素需求层级表对未来的家庭智能健身产品设计具有一定的理论指导意义。     

合金化元素对Sn-Zn钎料性能的影响

Sn-Zn无铅钎料因其低廉的成本、适合的熔点和良好的机械性能而受到众多研究者的高度关注.综述了Sn-Zn基无铅钎料的研究现状与存在的关键技术问题,分析了添加Bi、Ag、Cu、Al及稀土Re对Sn-Zn钎料熔点、润湿性、力学性能、抗氧化腐蚀及接头组织的影响,指出必须同时进行钎料的合金化、新型钎荆及改进钎焊工艺的研究,才能完成Sn-Zn基无铅钎科的工业实用化.     

镧系元素微量组分对水泥熟料矿物形成的影响

本文通过水泥生料易烧性试验、高温显微镜（ＨＴＭ）分析、Ｘ射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）和岩相分析等测试手段和分析方法，研究了镧系元素对水泥熟料矿物形成的影响，及其在熟料中的分布与富集。     

稀土元素对MB26合金超塑性的影响

通过对稀土元素添加前后镁合金超塑性性能的对比,研究了稀土元素对镁合金超塑性的影响,分析了稀土元素影响镁合金超塑性的原因。     

形成连续微光学元件的灰度掩模图形生成方法

针对利用灰度掩模制作连续微光学元件的方法 ,介绍了从元件结构到灰度图形的转换 ,灰度图形的修正 ,灰度图形的数字化以及图形编码等关键步骤。最后给出生成微透镜列阵掩模图形的实例。     

动态流量计及其应用

文中介绍了动态流量计的基本原理 ，提高稳定精度和动态频度的设计关键、智能优化设计方案。作者研制的动态流量计是国内流量控制系统中所缺乏和急需的器件，已成功地应用在国产液压电梯流量反馈控制样机上。     

Effects of Gravitational Orientation on Surface Deformation and Weld Pool Geometry During Gas Tungsten Arc Welding

Effects of gravitational orientation on gas tungsten arc (GTA) welding of nickel were studied to determine the impact of free-surface deformation on weld-pool shape. This was accomplished through GTA welding and a numerical study of the welding process. Welding was conducted by varying scan velocity and gravitational orientation, e.g., welding upward opposing gravity (parallel-up weld), welding downward with gravity (parallel-down weld), and welding perpendicular to gravity (perpendicular weld). Slower scan velocity produced more significant free surface deformation. Gravitational orientation caused 21% deeper penetration in the parallel-up weld compared with the parallel-down weld (resulting from 50% or more maximum surface deformation). Weld penetration of the perpendicular weld was between that of parallel-up and parallel-down cases. A model of the welding process, in which an experimentally generated free surface was implemented as a boundary condition, supported the results by showing similar trends.     

移动触屏界面设计模式的应用研究

目的研究移动应用界面设计模式及应用方法。方法通过对目前移动互联网行业的分析和对300余款优秀应用的研习,以设计指导为初衷,以设计模式为核心理念,运用模式的思想构建了从产品战略、交互策略到界面设计模式逐层递进的产品设计模型。结论通过对比分析总结,得出了4种产品策略模式,同时根据每种策略产品的需求特点,提炼出相应的交互策略模式和设计关注点。通过对界面设计模式的多维对比分析,提出了模式的解构和重建,以启发模式的迭代和创新。     

Flow patterns in friction stir welds of AA5083 and AA6082 alloys

The flow patterns in dissimilar friction stir welds of AA5083-O and AA6082-T6 alloys have been studied. It was observed that material flows (pushes but does not mix) more from the advancing side into the retreating side. Material flow from the retreating side to the advancing side only occurs in the tool shoulder domain, and the pull is greatest at the transition region between the tool shoulder domain and the tool pin domain. It was also observed that materials tend to extrude out only in the thermomechanically affected zone of the retreating side, which was influenced by rotation of both the tool shoulder and the tool pin. The finest grains were present in the regions closest to the tool edge in the retreating side. The volume fraction of recrystallized grains increases down into the deeper part of the nugget from the flow arm region. Microhardness measurements revealed that regions of lowest hardness values were the nugget and the heat affected zone of the AA6082-T6 alloy side. The welding speeds had no influence on the microhardness values per se, but affected the mixing proportions in the flow arm and in the nugget stem.     

Effects of Alloying Elements on Microstructure and Erosion Resistance of Fe—C—Cr Weld Surfacing Layer

Effects of alloying elements on microstructure and erosion resistance of Fe-C-Cr weld surfacing layer have been studied. The experimental results show that increasing C and Cr content favors improving the erosion resistance of the layer, and the excessive C and Cr result in decreasing the erosion resistance at 90 deg. erosion. That Mo, Nb or Ti improves the erosion resistance of Fe-C-Cr weld surfacing layer is mainly attributed to increasing the amount of M7C3 and forming fine NbC or TiC in austenite matrix, but the excessive Mo, Nb or Ti is unfavorable. The addition of Mo, Nb and Ti in proper combination possesses stronger effect on improving the erosion resistance and the erosion resistance (εA) of Fe-C-Cr weld surfacing layer with fine NbC, TiC and M7C3 distributing uniformly in austenite matrix obviously increases to 2.81 at 15 deg. erosion and 2.88 at 90 deg. erosion when the layer composition is 3.05C, 20.58Cr, 1.88Mo, 2.00Nb and 1.05Ti (in wt pct).     

杂质元素对铝基牺牲阳极的影响研究进展

铝合金牺牲阳极广泛应用于海洋环境的阴极保护中,近年来得到快速发展。研究发现除合金元素外,杂质元素种类和含量对阳极性能也有重要的影响,综述了3种常见的杂质元素Fe、Cu、Si对铝合金牺牲阳极性能的作用规律和机理,阐述了降低杂质元素对牺牲阳极性能不利影响的方法,在制备铝合金阳极时,应综合考虑铝锭纯度、阳极配方、制备工艺等因素。     

半球体焊接熔池弹性波动力学理论的研究

采用弹性体力学理论,对焊接熔池波动力学进行了探讨。建立了焊接熔池波动方程。证明了波动方程解的稳定性,并获得了波动方程的通解。通过有限差分法求解了焊接熔池波动频率与焊接熔池半球体半径R之间关系的数值解。为实时检测焊接熔深变化提供了一种有效方法,采用1Cr18Ni9Ti的试验结果与理论计算结果吻合良好。     

稀土元素对玻璃纤维增强PTFE复合材料拉伸性能的影响

三种表面改性剂,即硅烷偶联剂ＳＧ－Ｓｉ９００(ＳＧ)、含 ＳＧ－Ｓｉ９００的稀土溶液(ＳＧＳ/ＲＥＳ)和稀土溶液(ＲＥＳ)用于玻璃纤维表面处理．研究了不同表面处理条件下玻璃纤维增强聚四氟乙烯(ＧＦ/ＰＴＦＥ)复合材料的拉伸性能,并应用ＳＥＭ对断口形貌进行了分析．试验结果表明:由于稀土元素的作用,稀土溶液ＲＥＳ比ＳＧＳ/ＲＥＳ和ＳＧＳ能够更好地提高玻璃纤维与ＰＴＦＥ之间的界面结合力;经ＲＥＳ处理的ＧＦ/ＰＴＰＥ复合材料的界面结合力主要受稀土元素含量的影响,当稀土元素含量为０．２~０．４Ｗｔ%时,ＧＦ/ＰＴＦＥ复合材料的拉伸性能大大提高,并且在稀土元素含量为０．３ｗｔ%时其性能最佳．     

报纸广告媒介要素研究

分析了报纸媒介与其它媒介的不同点,归纳总结出了报纸媒介的独有特征,论述了反映报纸这种媒介特殊性质的视觉信息符号,即色彩、图片、面积与位置、刊登频次、标题与文字等,进而分析了报纸广告如何从引发注意力的媒介要素上下手,在最短的时间内抓住读者的眼球。提出了报纸广告只有充分运用媒介特征,编排技巧,强势与优势互用,才能达到广告主所期望的传播效果或销售效果。     

基于流动电磁测量理论的流场重建

提出一种新的流场重建的思想，其理论基础是流动的电磁测量理论。在简要介绍该理论中的重要概念之后，给出了两种实现流场重建的方法：空间域离散和频域展开。进而借助于多相流电容成象中的ＬＢＰ法，处理病态矩阵和提高建象速度。对二维流场的数值模拟例子表明，这种流场重建的方法是可行的。     

焊枪倾角对熔池振荡的影响

本文利用焊枪倾角的办法,解决了快速焊接时,熔振荡信号的可靠提取问题。焊枪前倾可以有效的抑制熔池后拖现象。为了保证熔透熔池可靠的振荡,焊枪倾角θ与焊接速度 V_w 之间有一定的匹配区间,在此区间内焊枪倾角θ的变化,对熔池振荡特性没有影响,对接焊缝实验时发现,装配间隙和错边对焊接熔池振荡特性没有明显的影响。     

Effects of Alloying Elements on the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Heavy Section Ductile Cast Iron

The effects of alloying elements on the as-cast microstructures and mechanical properties of heavy section ductile cast iron were investigated to develop press die material having high strength and high ductility. Measurements of ultimate tensile strength, 0.2% proof strength, elongation and unnotched Charpy impact energy are presented as a function of alloy amounts within 0.25 to 0.75 wt pct range. Hardness is measured on the broken tensile specimens. The small additions of Mo, Cu, Ni and Cr changed the-as-cast mechanical properties owing to the different as-cast matrix microstructures. The ferrite matrix of Mo and Ni alloyed cast iron exhibits low strength and hardness as well as high elongation and impact energy. The increase in Mo and Ni contents developed some fractions of pearlite structures near the austenite eutectic cell boundaries, which caused the elongation and impact energy to drop in a small range. Adding Cu and Cr elements rapidly changed the ferrite matrix into pearlite matrix, so strength and hardness were significantly increased. As more Mo and Cr were added, the size and fraction of primary carbides in the eutectic cell boundaries increased through the segregation of these elements into the intercellular boundaries.